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Car C, Quevarec L, Gilles A, Réale D, Bonzom JM. Evolutionary approach for pollution study: The case of ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123692. [PMID: 38462194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Estimating the consequences of environmental changes, specifically in a global change context, is essential for conservation issues. In the case of pollutants, the interest in using an evolutionary approach to investigate their consequences has been emphasized since the 2000s, but these studies remain rare compared to the characterization of direct effects on individual features. We focused on the study case of anthropogenic ionizing radiation because, despite its potential strong impact on evolution, the scarcity of evolutionary approaches to study the biological consequences of this stressor is particularly true. In this study, by investigating some particular features of the biological effects of this stressor, and by reviewing existing studies on evolution under ionizing radiation, we suggest that evolutionary approach may help provide an integrative view on the biological consequences of ionizing radiation. We focused on three topics: (i) the mutagenic properties of ionizing radiation and its disruption of evolutionary processes, (ii) exposures at different time scales, leading to an interaction between past and contemporary evolution, and (iii) the special features of contaminated areas called exclusion zones and how evolution could match field and laboratory observed effects. This approach can contribute to answering several key issues in radioecology: to explain species differences in the sensitivity to ionizing radiation, to improve our estimation of the impacts of ionizing radiation on populations, and to help identify the environmental features impacting organisms (e.g., interaction with other pollution, migration of populations, anthropogenic environmental changes). Evolutionary approach would benefit from being integrated to the ecological risk assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Car
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France
| | - Loïc Quevarec
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France.
| | - André Gilles
- UMR Risques, ECOsystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France
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Mensah S, Dimobe K, Noulèkoun F, van der Plas F, Seifert T. Phylogenetic diversity and community wide-trait means offer different insights into mechanisms regulating aboveground carbon storage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167905. [PMID: 37858820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Both attributes of functional traits and phylogenetic diversity influence ecosystem functions, but which of these factors is most important is still poorly understood in natural systems. Using data from West African forests and tree savannas, we analyse how (i) phylogenetic diversity complements attributes of functional traits in explaining aboveground carbon (AGC); (ii) phylogenetic diversity relates with attributes of functional traits along gradients of phylogenetic signal; and (iii) pathways between phylogenetic diversity and attributes of functional traits relate AGC to soil and climate. Phylogenetic diversity was measured as standardised effect size of Mean Pairwise Distance (sesMPD) and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance (sesMNTD). Functional dispersion (FDis) and community weighted mean (CWM) were calculated for four traits related to leaf economics spectrum and plant life-history. Functional traits-based models explained 11 % of AGC variability. With two out of the four traits being phylogenetically conserved, incorporating phylogenetic diversity in the models increased the explained variance in AGC by 15 %. The slope of phylogenetic diversity-trait relationship was more responsive to trait conservatism for FDis than CWM. AGC was positively influenced by sesMPD and CWM of plant maximum height. In turn, CWM of plant maximum height increased with higher soil nitrogen and climate moisture, whereas sesMPD was negatively related with climate moisture. Although FDis was positively associated with sesMPD, it was not as important as sesMPD and CWM of plant maximum height in influencing and relating AGC to soil nitrogen and climate moisture. Our results suggest that phylogenetic diversity is important for AGC but does not fully reflect the functional mechanisms pertaining to community-wide trait means. The study also demonstrates the role of environment in regulating AGC, which operates through differences in community fitness driven by tall plant stature, and evolutionary processes whereby closely related species are maintained in less arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Mensah
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Kangbéni Dimobe
- Département des Eaux, Forêts et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural, Université de Dédougou, BP 176 Dédougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Florent Noulèkoun
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Seifert
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
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Noble R, Verity K. A new universal system of tree shape indices. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549219. [PMID: 38077096 PMCID: PMC10705254 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The comparison and categorization of tree diagrams is fundamental to large parts of biology, linguistics, computer science, and other fields, yet the indices currently applied to describing tree shape have important flaws that complicate their interpretation and limit their scope. Here we introduce a new system of indices with no such shortcomings. Our indices account for node sizes and branch lengths and are robust to small changes in either attribute. Unlike currently popular phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic entropy, and tree balance indices, our definitions assign interpretable values to all rooted trees and enable meaningful comparison of any pair of trees. Our self-consistent definitions further unite measures of diversity, richness, balance, symmetry, effective height, effective outdegree, and effective branch count in a coherent system, and we derive numerous simple relationships between these indices. The main practical advantages of our indices are in 1) quantifying diversity in non-ultrametric trees; 2) assessing the balance of trees that have non-uniform branch lengths or node sizes; 3) comparing the balance of trees with different leaf counts or outdegrees; 4) obtaining a coherent, generic, multidimensional quantification of tree shape that is robust to sampling error and inferential error. We illustrate these features by comparing the shapes of trees representing the evolution of HIV and of Uralic languages, and trees generated by computational models of tumour evolution. Given the ubiquity of tree structures, we identify a wide range of applications across diverse domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Noble
- Department of Mathematics, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kimberley Verity
- Department of Mathematics, City, University of London, London, UK
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4
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Tietje M, Antonelli A, Forest F, Govaerts R, Smith SA, Sun M, Baker WJ, Eiserhardt WL. Global hotspots of plant phylogenetic diversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1636-1646. [PMID: 37496281 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Regions harbouring high unique phylogenetic diversity (PD) are priority targets for conservation. Here, we analyse the global distribution of plant PD, which remains poorly understood despite plants being the foundation of most terrestrial habitats and key to human livelihoods. Capitalising on a recently completed, comprehensive global checklist of vascular plants, we identify hotspots of unique plant PD and test three hypotheses: (1) PD is more evenly distributed than species diversity; (2) areas of highest PD (often called 'hotspots') do not maximise cumulative PD; and (3) many biomes are needed to maximise cumulative PD. Our results support all three hypotheses: more than twice as many regions are required to cover 50% of global plant PD compared to 50% of species; regions that maximise cumulative PD substantially differ from the regions with outstanding individual PD; and while (sub-)tropical moist forest regions dominate across PD hotspots, other forest types and open biomes are also essential. Safeguarding PD in the Anthropocene (including the protection of some comparatively species-poor areas) is a global, increasingly recognised responsibility. Having highlighted countries with outstanding unique plant PD, further analyses are now required to fully understand the global distribution of plant PD and associated conservation imperatives across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tietje
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, 413 19, Sweden
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | | | - Wolf L Eiserhardt
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aaarhus, 8000, Denmark
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Koutsokali M, Dianni C, Valahas M. Buccal swabs as an effective alternative to traditional tissue sampling methods for DNA analyses in Chamaeleonidae. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/wlb3.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koutsokali
- Dept of Science and Mathematics, Deree–The American College of Greece Athens Greece
| | - Christina Dianni
- Dept of Science and Mathematics, Deree–The American College of Greece Athens Greece
| | - Michael Valahas
- Dept of Science and Mathematics, Deree–The American College of Greece Athens Greece
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6
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Yang X, Zhang W, Qin F, Yu J, Xue T, Huang Y, Xu W, Wu J, Smets EF, Yu S. Biodiversity priority areas and conservation strategies for seed plants in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:962609. [PMID: 36035703 PMCID: PMC9412182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China is known for its abundant plant resources, but biodiversity conservation faces unprecedented challenges. To provide feasible suggestions for sustainable conservation, we used the species richness algorithm and complementary algorithm to study distribution patterns of 34,082 seed plants based on 1,007,196 county-level distribution records. We reconstructed a phylogenetic tree for 95.35% of species and estimated the spatial phylogenetics, followed by correlation analyses between different distribution patterns. We identified 264 counties concentrated in southern and south-western mountainous areas as hotspots which covered 10% of the land area of China and harbored 85.22% of the Chinese seed plant species. The biodiversity conservation priorities we identified were highly representative as we have considered multiple conservation indicators. We evaluated the conservation effectiveness and gaps in the network of nature reserves and identified 31.44, 32.95, and 9.47%, respectively, of the hotspot counties as gaps in the national nature reserves, provincial nature reserves and both together, with respectively 55.77, 61.53, and 28.94% of the species. Analysis of the species composition showed there were a large number of threatened and endemic species occurring in the nature reserves' gaps. The conservation gaps need to be filled by establishing new nature reserves or national parks, especially in south-western China, and more attentions should be paid to strengthen the conservation of specific plant taxa due to the apparent mismatches between different distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Weibin Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Erik F. Smets
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shengxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhao T, Khatiwada JR, Zhao C, Feng J, Sun Z. Elevational patterns of amphibian functional and phylogenetic structures in eastern Nepal Himalaya. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Janak Raj Khatiwada
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Jianyi Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Zijian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
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Rivera JD, Espinosa de los Monteros A, da Silva PG, Favila ME. Dung Beetles Maintain Phylogenetic Divergence but Functional Convergence across a Highly Fragmented Tropical Landscape. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose D. Rivera
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Xalapa 91070 Veracruz Mexico
| | | | - Pedro Giovâni da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Mario E. Favila
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Xalapa 91070 Veracruz Mexico
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Zhang W, Bussmann RW, Li J, Liu B, Xue T, Yang X, Qin F, Liu H, Yu S. Biodiversity hotspots and conservation efficiency of a large drainage basin: Distribution patterns of species richness and conservation gaps analysis in the Yangtze River Basin, China. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany Institute of Botany, Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences Minzu University of China Beijing China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Satellite Environment Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing China
| | - Shengxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Carvajal-Castro JD, Ospina-L AM, Toro-López Y, Pulido-G A, Cabrera-Casas LX, Guerrero-Peláez S, García-Merchán VH, Vargas-Salinas F. Urbanization is associated to a loss of phylogenetic diversity of birds in a medium size city on the Andes of Colombia, South America. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2021.1974709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Carvajal-Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Ana María Ospina-L
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Behavior and Sensory Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Anny Pulido-G
- Área de Proyectos, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Ximena Cabrera-Casas
- Maestría en Enseñanza de las Ciencias Exactas y, Universidad Nacional Sede Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Guerrero-Peláez
- Maestria en Conservación y Uso de Biodiversidad, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Víctor Hugo García-Merchán
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Fernando Vargas-Salinas
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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11
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Lin L, Deng W, Huang X, Kang B. Fish taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and their vulnerabilities in the largest river in southeastern China. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11533-11548. [PMID: 34429938 PMCID: PMC8366846 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater biodiversity is currently under multiple threats. Conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity needs to be prioritized because natural conservation resources are always limited.Samples were collected at 24 sites in the Min River, the largest basin in southeastern China. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity were analyzed. Biodiversity vulnerability was measured by removing one species each time out of the community with replacement.Results suggested that hotspots for taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were located at two impounded sites, while for functional diversity were those sites with no upstream dams. Little congruence was observed between taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. Fragmentation of river network connectivity caused by dams was a significant factor affecting the biodiversity patterns. Beta turnover was the driving component for beta diversity, indicating that biodiversity dissimilarity along the river was mostly explained by environmental sorting. Fifteen out of 16 species that contributed the most to different facets of biodiversity were mostly endemic, either they had distinctive functional traits or they were the most prevalent species. Sites with the highest diversity vulnerability were characterized by these distinctive species. Functional diversity was more vulnerable to species loss comparing with the other two biodiversity facets.Prioritizing those biodiversity hotspots, sites with extreme functional vulnerability, and those distinctive endemic species which contributed the most to biodiversity vulnerability is suggested in the Min River. The study found evidence that congruence among different facets of biodiversity is hard to achieve, and functional diversity is the most vulnerable in a freshwater system fragmented by intensive dam constructions. This work will help to develop systematic conservation planning from the perspective of different biodiversity facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- College of FisheriesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Weide Deng
- Department of OceanographyNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Henry Fok College of Biology and AgricultureShaoguan UniversityShaoguanChina
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Processes in the Boundary Layer over the Low‐Latitude Plateau RegionSchool of Earth ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Bin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China)Ministry of EducationQingdaoChina
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12
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Medeiros APM, Ferreira BP, Alvarado F, Betancur-R R, Soares MO, Santos BA. Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow-water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4413-4427. [PMID: 33976819 PMCID: PMC8093723 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep reef refugia hypothesis (DRRH) predicts that deep reef ecosystems may act as refugium for the biota of disturbed shallow waters. Because deep reefs are among the most understudied habitats on Earth, formal tests of the DRRH remain scarce. If the DRRH is valid at the community level, the diversity of species, functions, and lineages of fish communities of shallow reefs should be encapsulated in deep reefs.We tested the DRRH by assessing the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of 22 Brazilian fish communities between 2 and 62 m depth. We partitioned the gamma diversity of shallow (<30 m) and deep reefs (>30 m) into independent alpha and beta components, accounted for species' abundance, and assessed whether beta patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover or nestedness.We recorded 3,821 fishes belonging to 85 species and 36 families. Contrary to DRRH expectations, only 48% of the species occurred in both shallow and deep reefs. Alpha diversity of rare species was higher in deep reefs as expected, but alpha diversity of typical and dominant species did not vary with depth. Alpha functional diversity was higher in deep reefs only for rare and typical species, but not for dominant species. Alpha phylogenetic diversity was consistently higher in deep reefs, supporting DRRH expectations.Profiles of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity indicated that deep reefs were not more heterogeneous than shallow reefs, contradicting expectations of biotic homogenization near sea surface. Furthermore, pairwise beta-diversity analyses revealed that the patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover rather than nestedness at any depth. Conclusions. Although some results support the DRRH, most indicate that the shallow-water reef fish diversity is not fully encapsulated in deep reefs. Every reef contributes significantly to the regional diversity and must be managed and protected accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P M Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Beatrice P Ferreira
- Departamento de Oceanografia Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Fredy Alvarado
- Departamento de Agricultura Centro de Ciências Humanas Sociais e Agrárias Universidade Federal da Paraíba Bananeiras PB Brazil
| | - Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology The University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - Marcelo O Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR Universidade Federal do Ceará Meireles Brazil
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA) Università del Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Bráulio A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil
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13
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Hagmayer A, Furness AI, Pollux BJA. Parasite infestation influences life history but not boldness behavior in placental live-bearing fish. Oecologia 2020; 194:635-648. [PMID: 33141323 PMCID: PMC7683485 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasites can negatively affect the reproductive success of hosts. Placental species may be particularly susceptible, because parasite-induced stress during pregnancy could potentially influence embryo development. Here, we examine the consequences of a trematode infestation (black spot disease, BSD) for fetal development and adult behavior in 19 natural populations of the placental live-bearing fish species Poeciliopsis retropinna (Poeciliidae) in Costa Rica. First, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among populations which correlated with a number of local environmental conditions (elevation, river width, depth, and flow velocity). Furthermore, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among females within populations associated with maternal age and size. We found that the infestation rate significantly influenced embryonic development, with more heavily parasitized females producing smaller and worse-conditioned offspring at birth, possibly, because a costly immune response during pregnancy limits, either directly or indirectly, nourishment to developing embryos. Finally, a behavioral experiment in the field showed that the infestation rate did not affect an individual's boldness. Our study indicates that in placental live-bearing fish parasite infestation leads to reduced embryo provisioning during pregnancy, resulting in a smaller offspring size and quality at birth potentially with negative implications for offspring fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Hagmayer
- Experimental Zoology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew I Furness
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Bart J A Pollux
- Experimental Zoology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Cai H, Lyu L, Shrestha N, Tang Z, Su X, Xu X, Dimitrov D, Wang Z. Geographical patterns in phylogenetic diversity of Chinese woody plants and its application for conservation planning. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Cai
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Lisha Lyu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- School of Urban Planning and Design Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
- Landscape Ecology Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem Institute of Innovation Ecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiangyan Su
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Natural History University Museum of Bergen University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
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