Do opioid prescriptions lead to fatal car crashes?

The effect of opioid use on traffic fatalities

We use a difference-in-differences design to study the effect of opioid use on traffic fatalities. Following Alpert et al., we focus on the 1996 introduction and marketing of OxyContin, and we examine its long-term impacts on traffic fatalities involving Schedule II drugs or heroin. Based on the national fatal vehicle crash database, we find that the states heavily targeted by the initial marketing of OxyContin (i.e., non-triplicate states) experienced 2.4 times more traffic fatalities (1.6 additional deaths per million individuals) involving Schedule II drugs or heroin during 2011-2019, when overdose deaths from heroin and fentanyl became more prominent. We find no difference in traffic fatalities until after the mid-2000s between states with and without a triplicate prescription program. The effect is mainly concentrated in fatal crashes with drug involvement of drivers ages between 25 and 44. Our results highlight additional long-term detrimental consequences of the introduction and marketing of OxyContin.

Social Status and Opioid Drugged Driving

This study examines the effects of social status on opioid drugged driving fatalities in the context of the ongoing opioid mortality crisis. Broad criminological insights are leveraged to understand how position in the age, race, and sex status hierarchies impacts opioid use by drivers. Analysis of data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System shows that fatally injured drivers who used opioids prior to the crash were more often male, White, non-Hispanic, and older compared to other statuses. Moreover, the social statuses of opioid drugged drivers are dissimilar to those who used opioids in drug overdose deaths. Results suggest that social status-informed and driver-focused initiatives may be particularly effective in reducing opioid use by drivers.