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Gao P, Reddy MA, Mu X, Diemant T, Zhang L, Zhao-Karger Z, Chakravadhanula VSK, Clemens O, Behm RJ, Fichtner M. VOCl as a Cathode for Rechargeable Chloride Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4285-90. [PMID: 26924132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel room temperature rechargeable battery with VOCl cathode, lithium anode, and chloride ion transporting liquid electrolyte is described. The cell is based on the reversible transfer of chloride ions between the two electrodes. The VOCl cathode delivered an initial discharge capacity of 189 mAh g(-1) . A reversible capacity of 113 mAh g(-1) was retained even after 100 cycles when cycled at a high current density of 522 mA g(-1) . Such high cycling stability was achieved in chloride ion batteries for the first time, demonstrating the practicality of the system beyond a proof of concept model. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of the VOCl electrode in the chloride ion cell was investigated in detail by ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results confirm reversible deintercalation-intercalation of chloride ions in the VOCl electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Anji Reddy
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiaoke Mu
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Diemant
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Le Zhang
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhirong Zhao-Karger
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Clemens
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, University of Technology, Jovanka-Bontschits-Strasse 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Jürgen Behm
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fichtner
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Gao P, Reddy MA, Mu X, Diemant T, Zhang L, Zhao-Karger Z, Chakravadhanula VSK, Clemens O, Behm RJ, Fichtner M. VOCl as a Cathode for Rechargeable Chloride Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU); Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - M. Anji Reddy
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU); Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Xiaoke Mu
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU); Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thomas Diemant
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Le Zhang
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU); Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Zhirong Zhao-Karger
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU); Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Oliver Clemens
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, University of Technology; Jovanka-Bontschits-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU); Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian Fichtner
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU); Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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