The unique determination of the primary current by MEG and EEG

Electro-magneto-encephalography for a three-shell model: distributed current in arbitrary, spherical and ellipsoidal geometries

The problem of determining a continuously distributed neuronal current inside the brain under the assumption of a three-shell model is analysed. It is shown that for an arbitrary geometry, electroencephalography (EEG) provides information about one of the three functions specifying the three components of the current, whereas magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides information about a combination of this function and of one of the remaining two functions. Hence, the simultaneous use of EEG and MEG yields information about two of the three functions needed for the reconstruction of the current. In particular, for spherical and ellipsoidal geometries, it is possible to determine the angular parts of these two functions as well as to obtain an explicit constraint satisfied by their radial parts. The complete determination of the radial parts, as well as the determination of the third function, requires some additional a priori assumption about the current. One such assumption involving harmonicity is briefly discussed.