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Chettle DR, McNeill FE. Elemental analysis in living human subjects using biomedical devices. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:12TR01. [PMID: 31816604 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Today, patients undergoing dialysis are at low risk for aluminum-induced dementia. Workers are unlikely to experience cadmium-induced emphysema and the public's exposure to lead is an order of magnitude lower than in 1970. The research field of in vivo elemental analysis has played a role in these occupational and environmental health improvements by allowing the effects of people's chronic exposure to elements to be studied using non-invasive, painless, and relatively low-cost technology. From the early 1960s to the present day, researchers have developed radiation-based systems to measure the elemental content of organs at risk or storage organs. This reduces the need for (sometimes painful) biopsy and the risk of infection. Research and development has been undertaken on forty-nine in vivo measurement system designs. Twenty-nine different in vivo elemental analysis systems, measuring 22 different elements, have been successfully taken from design and testing through to human measurement. The majority of these systems employ either neutron activation analysis or x-ray fluorescence analysis as the basis of the measurement. In this review, we discuss eight of the successful systems, explaining the rationale behind their development, the methodology, the health data that has resulted from application of these tools, and provide our opinion on potential future technical developments of these systems. We close by discussing four technologies that may lead to new directions and advances in the whole field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Chettle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
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Trivillin VA, Bruno LJ, Gatti DA, Stur M, Garabalino MA, Hughes AM, Castillo J, Pozzi ECC, Wentzeis L, Scolari H, Schwint AE, Feldman S. Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS) as a potential therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: radiobiological studies at RA-1 Nuclear Reactor in a model of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:467-475. [PMID: 27568399 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune pathology characterized by the proliferation and inflammation of the synovium. Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS), a binary treatment modality that combines the preferential incorporation of boron carriers to target tissue and neutron irradiation, was proposed to treat the pathological synovium in arthritis. In a previous biodistribution study, we showed the incorporation of therapeutically useful boron concentrations to the pathological synovium in a model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in rabbits, employing two boron compounds approved for their use in humans, i.e., decahydrodecaborate (GB-10) and boronophenylalanine (BPA). The aim of the present study was to perform low-dose BNCS studies at the RA-1 Nuclear Reactor in the same model. Neutron irradiation was performed post intra-articular administration of BPA or GB-10 to deliver 2.4 or 3.9 Gy, respectively, to synovium (BNCS-AIA). AIA and healthy animals (no AIA) were used as controls. The animals were followed clinically for 2 months. At that time, biochemical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological studies were performed. BNCS-AIA animals did not show any toxic effects, swelling or pain on palpation. In BNCS-AIA, the post-treatment levels of TNF-α decreased in four of six rabbits and IFN-γ levels decreased in five of six rabbits. In all cases, MRI images of the knee joint in BNCS-AIA resembled those of no AIA, with no necrosis or periarticular effusion. Synovial membranes of BNCS-AIA were histologically similar to no AIA. BPA-BNCS and GB-10-BNCS, even at low doses, would be therapeutically useful for the local treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Trivillin
- Department of Radiobiology, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leandro J Bruno
- LABOATEM (Laboratorio de Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular y Terapias Emergentes), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - David A Gatti
- LABOATEM (Laboratorio de Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular y Terapias Emergentes), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariela Stur
- Cátedra de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcela A Garabalino
- Department of Radiobiology, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Monti Hughes
- Department of Radiobiology, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Castillo
- Department of Reactors, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano C C Pozzi
- Department of Research and Production Reactors, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Presbítero Juan González y Aragon 15, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Wentzeis
- Department of Reactors, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Scolari
- Department of Reactors, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- Department of Radiobiology, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Feldman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- LABOATEM (Laboratorio de Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular y Terapias Emergentes), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Trivillin VA, Abramson DB, Bumaguin GE, Bruno LJ, Garabalino MA, Monti Hughes A, Heber EM, Feldman S, Schwint AE. Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS) as a potential therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: boron biodistribution study in a model of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:635-643. [PMID: 25156017 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture synovectomy (BNCS) is explored for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to perform boron biodistribution studies in a model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in female New Zealand rabbits, with the boron carriers boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium decahydrodecaborate (GB-10) to assess the potential feasibility of BNCS for RA. Rabbits in chronic phase of AIA were used for biodistribution studies employing the following protocols: intra-articular (ia) (a) BPA-f 0.14 M (0.7 mg (10)B), (b) GB-10 (5 mg (10)B), (c) GB-10 (50 mg (10)B) and intravenous (iv), (d) BPA-f 0.14 M (15.5 mg (10)B/kg), (e) GB-10 (50 mg (10)B/kg), and (f) BPA-f (15.5 mg (10)B/kg) + GB-10 (50 mg (10)B/kg). At different post-administration times (13-85 min for ia and 3 h for iv), samples of blood, pathological synovium (target tissue), cartilage, tendon, muscle, and skin were taken for boron measurement by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The intra-articular administration protocols at <40 min post-administration both for BPA-f and GB-10, and intravenous administration protocols for GB-10 and [GB-10 + BPA-f] exhibited therapeutically useful boron concentrations (>20 ppm) in the pathological synovium. Dosimetric estimations suggest that BNCS would be able to achieve a therapeutically useful dose in pathological synovium without exceeding the radiotolerance of normal tissues in the treatment volume, employing boron carriers approved for use in humans. Radiobiological in vivo studies will be necessary to determine the actual therapeutic efficacy of BNCS to treat RA in an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Trivillin
- Department of Radiobiology, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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