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Fragoso Costa P, Shi K, Holm S, Vidal-Sicart S, Kracmerova T, Tosi G, Grimm J, Visvikis D, Knapp WH, Gnanasegaran G, van Leeuwen FWB. Surgical radioguidance with beta-emitting radionuclides; challenges and possibilities: A position paper by the EANM. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2903-2921. [PMID: 38189911 PMCID: PMC11300492 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Radioguidance that makes use of β-emitting radionuclides is gaining in popularity and could have potential to strengthen the range of existing radioguidance techniques. While there is a strong tendency to develop new PET radiotracers, due to favorable imaging characteristics and the success of theranostics research, there are practical challenges that need to be overcome when considering use of β-emitters for surgical radioguidance. In this position paper, the EANM identifies the possibilities and challenges that relate to the successful implementation of β-emitters in surgical guidance, covering aspects related to instrumentation, radiation protection, and modes of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fragoso Costa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Institute of Informatics I16, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Soren Holm
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergi Vidal-Sicart
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tereza Kracmerova
- Department of Medical Physics, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Medical Physics, Ospedale U. Parini, Aosta, Italy
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wolfram H Knapp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gopinath Gnanasegaran
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospital, Tower 5, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Auad Y, Walls M, Blazit JD, Stéphan O, Tizei LH, Kociak M, De la Peña F, Tencé M. Event-based hyperspectral EELS: Towards nanosecond temporal resolution. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 239:113539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pham TN, Marchand P, Finck C, Boisson F, Brasse D, Laquerriere P. 18F autoradiography With the Mimosa-28: Characterization and Application. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.2996912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nguyen MP, Ramakers RM, Kamphuis C, Koustoulidou S, Goorden MC, Beekman FJ. EXIRAD-3D: Fast automated three-dimensional autoradiography. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 86-87:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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CdTe compact gamma camera for coded aperture imaging in radioguided surgery. Phys Med 2020; 69:223-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Liu Z, Lan X. Microfluidic radiobioassays: a radiometric detection tool for understanding cellular physiology and pharmacokinetics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2315-2339. [PMID: 31222194 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of molecular uptake and its kinetics in cells is valuable for understanding the cellular physiological status, the observation of drug interventions, and the development of imaging agents and pharmaceuticals. Microfluidic radiobioassays, or microfluidic radiometric bioassays, constitute a radiometric imaging-on-a-chip technology for the assay of biological samples using radiotracers. From 2006 to date, microfluidic radiobioassays have shown advantages in many applications, including radiotracer characterization, enzyme activity radiobioassays, fast drug evaluation, single-cell imaging, facilitation of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and cellular pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) studies. These advantages lie in the minimized and integrated detection scheme, allowing real-time tracking of dynamic uptake, high sensitivity radiotracer imaging, and quantitative interpretation of imaging results. In this review, the basics of radiotracers, various radiometric detection methods, and applications of microfluidic radiobioassays will be introduced and summarized, and the potential applications and future directions of microfluidic radiobioassays will be forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan Union Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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Wang Q, Sengupta D, Kim TJ, Pratx G. Performance evaluation of 18 F radioluminescence microscopy using computational simulation. Med Phys 2017; 44:1782-1795. [PMID: 28273348 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioluminescence microscopy can visualize the distribution of beta-emitting radiotracers in live single cells with high resolution. Here, we perform a computational simulation of 18 F positron imaging using this modality to better understand how radioluminescence signals are formed and to assist in optimizing the experimental setup and image processing. METHODS First, the transport of charged particles through the cell and scintillator and the resulting scintillation is modeled using the GEANT4 Monte-Carlo simulation. Then, the propagation of the scintillation light through the microscope is modeled by a convolution with a depth-dependent point-spread function, which models the microscope response. Finally, the physical measurement of the scintillation light using an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera is modeled using a stochastic numerical photosensor model, which accounts for various sources of noise. The simulated output of the EMCCD camera is further processed using our ORBIT image reconstruction methodology to evaluate the endpoint images. RESULTS The EMCCD camera model was validated against experimentally acquired images and the simulated noise, as measured by the standard deviation of a blank image, was found to be accurate within 2% of the actual detection. Furthermore, point source simulations found that a reconstructed spatial resolution of 18.5 μm can be achieved near the scintillator. As the source is moved away from the scintillator, spatial resolution degrades at a rate of 3.5 μm per μm distance. These results agree well with the experimentally measured spatial resolution of 30-40 μm (live cells). The simulation also shows that the system sensitivity is 26.5%, which is also consistent with our previous experiments. Finally, an image of a simulated sparse set of single cells is visually similar to the measured cell image. CONCLUSIONS Our simulation methodology agrees with experimental measurements taken with radioluminescence microscopy. This in silico approach can be used to guide further instrumentation developments and to provide a framework for improving image reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Debanti Sengupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Ziegler SI, Shi K. Enhancing spatial resolution of18F positron imaging with the Timepix detector by classification of primary fired pixels using support vector machine. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:5261-78. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/13/5261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dooraghi AA, Vu NT, Silverman RW, Farrell R, Shah KS, Wang J, Heath JR, Chatziioannou AF. Betabox: a beta particle imaging system based on a position sensitive avalanche photodiode. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:3739-53. [PMID: 23656911 PMCID: PMC3706465 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A beta camera has been developed that allows planar imaging of the spatial and temporal distribution of beta particles using a 14 × 14 mm(2) position sensitive avalanche photodiode (PSAPD). This camera system, which we call Betabox, can be directly coupled to microfluidic chips designed for cell incubation or other biological applications. Betabox allows for imaging the cellular uptake of molecular imaging probes labeled with charged particle emitters such as (18)F inside these chips. In this work, we investigate the quantitative imaging capabilities of Betabox for (18)F beta particles, in terms of background rate, efficiency, spatial resolution, and count rate. Measurements of background and spatial resolution are considered both at room temperature (21 °C ± 1 °C) and at an elevated operating temperature (37 °C ± 1 °C), as is often required for biological assays. The background rate measured with a 4 keV energy cutoff is below 2 cph mm(-2) at both 21 and 37 °C. The absolute efficiency of Betabox for the detection of (18)F positron sources in contact with a PSAPD with the surface passivated from ambient light and damage is 46% ± 1%. The lower detection limit is estimated using the Rose Criterion to be 0.2 cps mm(-2) for 1 min acquisitions and a 62 × 62 µm(2) pixel size. The upper detection limit is approximately 21 000 cps. The spatial resolution at both 21 and 37 °C ranges from 0.4 mm FWHM at the center of the field of view (FOV), and degrades to 1 mm at a distance of 5 mm away from center yielding a useful FOV of approximately 10 × 10 mm(2). We also investigate the effects on spatial resolution and sensitivity that result from the use of a polymer based microfluidic chip. For these studies we place varying layers of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) between the detector and the source and find that the spatial resolution degrades by ∼180 µm for every 100 µm of LDPE film. Sensitivity is reduced by half with the inclusion of ∼200 µm of additional LDPE film. Lastly, we demonstrate the practical utilization of Betabox, with an imaging test of its linearity, when coupled to a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip designed for cell based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Dooraghi
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Vu NT, Yu ZTF, Comin-Anduix B, Søndergaard JN, Silverman RW, Chang CYN, Ribas A, Tseng HR, Chatziioannou AF. A beta-camera integrated with a microfluidic chip for radioassays based on real-time imaging of glycolysis in small cell populations. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:815-21. [PMID: 21536929 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.078725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED An integrated β-camera and microfluidic chip was developed that is capable of quantitative imaging of glycolysis radioassays using (18)F-FDG in small cell populations down to a single cell. This paper demonstrates that the integrated system enables digital control and quantitative measurements of glycolysis in B-Raf(V600E)-mutated melanoma cell lines in response to specific B-Raf inhibition. METHODS The β-camera uses a position-sensitive avalanche photodiode to detect charged particle-emitting probes within a microfluidic chip. The integrated β-camera and microfluidic chip system was calibrated, and the linearity was measured using 4 different melanoma cell lines (M257, M202, M233, and M229). Microfluidic radioassays were performed with cell populations ranging from hundreds of cells down to a single cell. The M229 cell line has a homozygous B-Raf(V600E) mutation and is highly sensitive to a B-Raf inhibitor, PLX4032. A microfluidic radioassay was performed over the course of 3 days to assess the cytotoxicity of PLX4032 on cellular (18)F-FDG uptake. RESULTS The β-camera is capable of imaging radioactive uptake of (18)F-FDG in microfluidic chips. (18)F-FDG uptake for a single cell was measured using a radioactivity concentration of 37 MBq/mL during the radiotracer incubation period. For in vitro cytotoxicity monitoring, the β-camera showed that exposure to 1 μM PLX4032 for 3 days decreased the (18)F-FDG uptake per cell in highly sensitive M229 cells, compared with vehicle controls. CONCLUSION The integrated β-camera and microfluidic chip can provide digital control of live cell cultures and allow in vitro quantitative radioassays for multiple samples simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam T Vu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1770, USA
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Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) is an important tool for high-resolution structure determination in applications ranging from condensed matter to biology. Electronic detectors are now used in most applications in EM as they offer convenience and immediate feedback that is not possible with film or image plates. The earliest forms of electronic detector used routinely in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were charge coupled devices (CCDs) and for many applications these remain perfectly adequate. There are however applications, such as the study of radiation-sensitive biological samples, where film is still used and improved detectors would be of great value. The emphasis in this review is therefore on detectors for use in such applications. Two of the most promising candidates for improved detection are: monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) and hybrid pixel detectors (of which Medipix2 was chosen for this study). From the studies described in this review, a back-thinned MAPS detector appears well suited to replace film in for the study of radiation-sensitive samples at 300 keV, while Medipix2 is suited to use at lower energies and especially in situations with very low count rates. The performance of a detector depends on the energy of electrons to be recorded, which in turn is dependent on the application it is being used for; results are described for a wide range of electron energies ranging from 40 to 300 keV. The basic properties of detectors are discussed in terms of their modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) as a function of spatial frequency.
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Russo P, Curion AS, Mettivier G, Esposito M, Aurilio M, Caracò C, Aloj L, Lastoria S. Evaluation of a CdTe semiconductor based compact gamma camera for sentinel lymph node imaging. Med Phys 2011; 38:1547-60. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3555034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shikhaliev PM, Petrek P, Matthews KL, Fritz SG, Bujenovic LS, Xu T. Intravascular imaging with a storage phosphor detector. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:2841-61. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/10/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cabello J, Wells K. The spatial resolution of silicon-based electron detectors in β-autoradiography. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:1677-99. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/6/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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