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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumours, have recently been re-classified incorporating molecular aspects with important clinical, prognostic, and predictive implications. Concurrently, the reprogramming of metabolism, altering intracellular and extracellular metabolites affecting gene expression, differentiation, and the tumour microenvironment, is increasingly being studied, and alterations in metabolic pathways are becoming hallmarks of cancer. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a complementary, non-invasive technique capable of quantifying multiple metabolites. The aim of this review focuses on the methodology and analysis techniques in proton MRS (1H MRS), including a brief look at X-nuclei MRS, and on its perspectives for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gliomas in both clinical practice and preclinical research.
Methods
PubMed literature research was performed cross-linking the following key words: glioma, MRS, brain, in-vivo, human, animal model, clinical, pre-clinical, techniques, sequences, 1H, X-nuclei, Artificial Intelligence (AI), hyperpolarization.
Results
We selected clinical works (n = 51), preclinical studies (n = 35) and AI MRS application papers (n = 15) published within the last two decades. The methodological papers (n = 62) were taken into account since the technique first description.
Conclusions
Given the development of treatments targeting specific cancer metabolic pathways, MRS could play a key role in allowing non-invasive assessment for patient diagnosis and stratification, predicting and monitoring treatment responses and prognosis. The characterization of gliomas through MRS will benefit of a wide synergy among scientists and clinicians of different specialties within the context of new translational competences. Head coils, MRI hardware and post-processing analysis progress, advances in research, experts’ consensus recommendations and specific professionalizing programs will make the technique increasingly trustworthy, responsive, accessible.
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Saatchian E, Ehsani S, Sarikhani A, Ghaznavi H, Montazerabadi A, Shakeri-Zadeh A. Monitoring of the choline/lipid ratio by 1H-MRS can be helpful for prediction and early detection of tumor response to nano-photo-thermal therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:335-343. [PMID: 33523392 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based photothermal therapy (NPTT) is a new emerging modality of cancer therapy. To have the right prediction and early detection of response to NPTT, it is necessary to get rapid feedback from a tumor treated by NPTT procedure and stay informed of what happens in the tumor site. We performed this study to find if proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can be well responsive to such an imperative requirement. We considered various treatment groups including gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), laser, and the combination of AuNPs and laser (NPTT group). Therapeutic effects on CT26 colon tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were studied by looking at alterations that happened in 1H-MRS signals and tumor size after conducting treatment procedures. In MRS studies, the alterations of choline and lipid concentrations and their ratio were investigated. Having normalized the metabolite peak to water peak, we found a significant decrease in choline concentration post-NPTT (from (1.25 ± 0.05) × 10-3 to (0.43 ± 0.04) × 10-3), while the level of lipid concentration in the tumor was slightly increased (from (2.91 ± 0.23) × 10-3 to (3.52 ± 0.31) × 10-3). As a result, the choline/lipid ratio was significantly decreased post-NPTT (from 0.41 ± 0.11 to 0.11 ± 0.02). Such alterations appeared just 1 day after NPTT. Tumor shrinkage in all groups was studied and significant changes were significantly detectable on day 7 post-NPTT procedure. In conclusion, the study of choline/lipid ratio using 1H-MRS may help us estimate what happens in a tumor treated by the NPTT method. Such an in vivo assessment is interestingly feasible as soon as just 1 day post-NPTT. This would undoubtedly help the oncologists make a more precise decision about treatment planning strategies. Monitoring of the choline/lipid ratio by 1H-MRS can be helpful for prediction and early detection of response to nano-photo-thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Saatchian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Ehsani
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Sarikhani
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZaUMS), Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Montazerabadi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Núñez LM, Romero E, Julià-Sapé M, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Santos A, Arús C, Candiota AP, Vellido A. Unraveling response to temozolomide in preclinical GL261 glioblastoma with MRI/MRSI using radiomics and signal source extraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19699. [PMID: 33184423 PMCID: PMC7661707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent aggressive primary brain tumor amongst human adults. Its standard treatment involves chemotherapy, for which the drug temozolomide is a common choice. These are heterogeneous and variable tumors which might benefit from personalized, data-based therapy strategies, and for which there is room for improvement in therapy response follow-up, investigated with preclinical models. This study addresses a preclinical question that involves distinguishing between treated and control (untreated) mice bearing glioblastoma, using machine learning techniques, from magnetic resonance-based data in two modalities: MRI and MRSI. It aims to go beyond the comparison of methods for such discrimination to provide an analytical pipeline that could be used in subsequent human studies. This analytical pipeline is meant to be a usable and interpretable tool for the radiology expert in the hope that such interpretation helps revealing new insights about the problem itself. For that, we propose coupling source extraction-based and radiomics-based data transformations with feature selection. Special attention is paid to the generation of radiologist-friendly visual nosological representations of the analyzed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Núñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Enrique Romero
- Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IDEAI-UPC) Research Center, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Computer Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Julià-Sapé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - María Jesús Ledesma-Carbayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory (BIT), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory (BIT), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alfredo Vellido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IDEAI-UPC) Research Center, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Computer Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Barcelona, Spain.
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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