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Bustillo JPO, Paino J, Barnes M, Cayley J, de Rover V, Cameron M, Engels EEM, Tehei M, Beirne S, Wallace GG, Rosenfeld AB, Lerch MLF. Design, construction, and dosimetry of 3D printed heterogeneous phantoms for synchrotron brain cancer radiation therapy quality assurance. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:145003. [PMID: 38914107 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad5b48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective.This study aims to design, manufacture, and test 3D printed quality assurance (QA) dosimetry phantoms for synchrotron brain cancer radiation therapy at the Australian synchrotron.Approach.Fabricated 3D printed phantoms from simple slab phantoms, a preclinical rat phantom, and an anthropomorphic head phantom were fabricated and characterized. Attenuation measurements of various polymers, ceramics and metals were acquired using synchrotron monochromatic micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. Polylactic acid plus, VeroClear, Durable resin, and tricalcium phosphate were used in constructing the phantoms. Furthermore, 3D printed bone equivalent materials were compared relative to ICRU bone and hemihydrate plaster. Homogeneous and heterogeneous rat phantoms were designed and fabricated using tissue-equivalent materials. Geometric accuracy, CT imaging, and consistency were considered. Moreover, synchrotron broad-beam x-rays were delivered using a 3 Tesla superconducting multipole wiggler field for four sets of synchrotron radiation beam qualities. Dose measurements were acquired using a PinPoint ionization chamber and compared relative to a water phantom and a RMI457 Solid Water phantom. Experimental depth doses were compared relative to calculated doses using a Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation.Main results.Polylactic acid (PLA+) shows to have a good match with the attenuation coefficient of ICRU water, while both tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite have good attenuation similarity with ICRU bone cortical. PLA+ material can be used as substitute to RMI457 slabs for reference dosimetry with a maximum difference of 1.84%. Percent depth dose measurement also shows that PLA+ has the best match with water and RMI457 within ±2.2% and ±1.6%, respectively. Overall, PLA+ phantoms match with RMI457 phantoms within ±3%.Significance and conclusion.The fabricated phantoms are excellent tissue equivalent equipment for synchrotron radiation dosimetry QA measurement. Both the rat and the anthropomorphic head phantoms are useful in synchrotron brain cancer radiotherapy dosimetry, experiments, and future clinical translation of synchrotron radiotherapy and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul O Bustillo
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila City 1000 Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Jason Paino
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Micah Barnes
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation- Australian Synchrotron, Kulin Nation, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - James Cayley
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Vincent de Rover
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Matthew Cameron
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation- Australian Synchrotron, Kulin Nation, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Elette E M Engels
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation- Australian Synchrotron, Kulin Nation, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Moeava Tehei
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen Beirne
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Anatoly B Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Michael L F Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong Australia, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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2
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Ventura JA, Donoghue JF, Nowell CJ, Cann LM, Day LRJ, Smyth LML, Forrester HB, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC. The γH2AX DSB marker may not be a suitable biodosimeter to measure the biological MRT valley dose. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:642-656. [PMID: 33617395 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1893854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE γH2AX biodosimetry has been proposed as an alternative dosimetry method for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) because conventional dosimeters, such as ionization chambers, lack the spatial resolution required to accurately measure the MRT valley dose. Here we investigated whether γH2AX biodosimetry should be used to measure the biological valley dose of MRT-irradiated mammalian cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We irradiated human skin fibroblasts and mouse skin flaps with synchrotron MRT and broad beam (BB) radiation. BB doses of 1-5 Gy were used to generate a calibration curve in order to estimate the biological MRT valley dose using the γH2AX assay. RESULTS Our key finding was that MRT induced a non-linear dose response compared to BB, where doses 2-3 times greater showed the same level of DNA DSB damage in the valley in cell and tissue studies. This indicates that γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter to estimate the biological valley doses of MRT-irradiated samples. We also established foci yields of 5.9 ± 0.04 and 27.4 ± 2.5 foci/cell/Gy in mouse skin tissue and human fibroblasts respectively, induced by BB. Using Monte Carlo simulations, a linear dose response was seen in cell and tissue studies and produced predicted peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs) of ∼30 and ∼107 for human fibroblasts and mouse skin tissue respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our report highlights novel MRT radiobiology, attempts to explain why γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter and suggests further studies aimed at revealing the biological and cellular communication mechanisms that drive the normal tissue sparing effect, which is characteristic of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ventura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonie M Cann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Liam R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lloyd M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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3
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Day LRJ, Donzelli M, Pellicioli P, Smyth LML, Barnes M, Bartzsch S, Crosbie JC. A commercial treatment planning system with a hybrid dose calculation algorithm for synchrotron radiotherapy trials. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:055016. [PMID: 33373979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron Radiotherapy (SyncRT) is a preclinical radiation treatment which delivers synchrotron x-rays to cancer targets. SyncRT allows for novel treatments such as Microbeam Radiotherapy, which has been shown to have exceptional healthy tissue sparing capabilities while maintaining good tumour control. Veterinary trials in SyncRT are anticipated to take place in the near future at the Australian Synchrotron's Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL). However, before veterinary trials can commence, a computerised treatment planning system (TPS) is required, which can quickly and accurately calculate the synchrotron x-ray dose through patient CT images. Furthermore, SyncRT TPS's must be familiar and intuitive to radiotherapy planners in order to alleviate necessary training and reduce user error. We have paired an accurate and fast Monte Carlo (MC) based SyncRT dose calculation algorithm with EclipseTM, the most widely implemented commercial TPS in the clinic. Using EclipseTM, we have performed preliminary SyncRT trials on dog cadavers at the IMBL, and verified calculated doses against dosimetric measurement to within 5% for heterogeneous tissue-equivalent phantoms. We have also performed a validation of the TPS against a full MC simulation for constructed heterogeneous phantoms in EclipseTM, and showed good agreement for a range of water-like tissues to within 5%-8%. Our custom EclipseTM TPS for SyncRT is ready to perform live veterinary trials at the IMBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Donzelli
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France.,Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Pellicioli
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France.,Inserm UA7 STROBE, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France.,Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - L M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Barnes
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Australian Synchrotron, Imaging and Medical Beamline, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Bartzsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Esplen N, Mendonca MS, Bazalova-Carter M. Physics and biology of ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: a topical review. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:23TR03. [PMID: 32721941 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abaa28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy (RT), or 'FLASH' therapy, has gained significant momentum following various in vivo studies published since 2014 which have demonstrated a reduction in normal tissue toxicity and similar tumor control for FLASH-RT when compared with conventional dose-rate RT. Subsequent studies have sought to investigate the potential for FLASH normal tissue protection and the literature has been since been inundated with publications on FLASH therapies. Today, FLASH-RT is considered by some as having the potential to 'revolutionize radiotherapy'. FLASH-RT is considered by some as having the potential to 'revolutionize radiotherapy'. The goal of this review article is to present the current state of this intriguing RT technique and to review existing publications on FLASH-RT in terms of its physical and biological aspects. In the physics section, the current landscape of ultrahigh dose-rate radiation delivery and dosimetry is presented. Specifically, electron, photon and proton radiation sources capable of delivering ultrahigh dose-rates along with their beam delivery parameters are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the benefits and drawbacks of radiation detectors suitable for dosimetry in FLASH-RT are presented. The biology section comprises a summary of pioneering in vitro ultrahigh dose-rate studies performed in the 1960s and early 1970s and continues with a summary of the recent literature investigating normal and tumor tissue responses in electron, photon and proton beams. The section is concluded with possible mechanistic explanations of the FLASH normal-tissue protection effect (FLASH effect). Finally, challenges associated with clinical translation of FLASH-RT and its future prospects are critically discussed; specifically, proposed treatment machines and publications on treatment planning for FLASH-RT are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Esplen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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5
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Christensen JB, Vestergaard A, Andersen CE. Using a small-core graphite calorimeter for dosimetry and scintillator quenching corrections in a therapeutic proton beam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:215023. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9bc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Gagliardi FM, Franich RD, Geso M. Nanoparticle dose enhancement of synchrotron radiation in PRESAGE dosimeters. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1590-1600. [PMID: 33147183 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520012849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical absorbed dose enhancement by the inclusion of gold and bismuth nanoparticles fabricated into water-equivalent PRESAGE dosimeters was investigated. Nanoparticle-loaded water-equivalent PRESAGE dosimeters were irradiated with superficial, synchrotron and megavoltage X-ray beams. The change in optical density of the dosimeters was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry pre- and post-irradiation using a wavelength of 630 nm. Dose enhancement was measured for 5 nm and 50 nm monodispersed gold nanoparticles, 5-50 nm polydispersed bismuth nanoparticles, and 80 nm monodispersed bismuth nanoparticles at concentrations from 0.25 mM to 2 mM. The dose enhancement was highest for the 95.3 keV mean energy synchrotron beam (16-32%) followed by the 150 kVp superficial beam (12-21%) then the 6 MV beam (2-5%). The bismuth nanoparticle-loaded dosimeters produced a larger dose enhancement than the gold nanoparticle-loaded dosimeters in the synchrotron beam for the same concentration. For the superficial and megavoltage beams the dose enhancement was similar for both species of nanoparticles. The dose enhancement increased with nanoparticle concentration in the dosimeters; however, there was no observed nanoparticle size dependence on the dose enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Gagliardi
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rick D Franich
- School of Science, RMIT University, La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Moshi Geso
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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7
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Day LRJ, Pellicioli P, Gagliardi F, Barnes M, Smyth LML, Butler D, Livingstone J, Stevenson AW, Lye J, Poole CM, Hausermann D, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC. A Monte Carlo model of synchrotron radiotherapy shows good agreement with experimental dosimetry measurements: Data from the imaging and medical beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Phys Med 2020; 77:64-74. [PMID: 32791426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental measurement of Synchrotron Radiotherapy (SyncRT) doses is challenging, especially for Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT), which is characterised by very high dynamic ranges with spatial resolutions on the micrometer scale. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is considered a gold standard for accurate dose calculation in radiotherapy, and is therefore routinely relied upon to produce verification data. We present a MC model for Australian Synchrotron's Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL), which is capable of generating accurate dosimetry data to inform and/or verify SyncRT experiments. Our MC model showed excellent agreement with dosimetric measurement for Synchrotron Broadbeam Radiotherapy (SBBR). Our MC model is also the first to achieve validation for MRT, using two methods of dosimetry, to within clinical tolerances of 5% for a 20×20 mm2 field size, except for surface measurements at 5 mm depth, which remained to within good agreement of 7.5%. Our experimental methodology has allowed us to control measurement uncertainties for MRT doses to within 5-6%, which has also not been previously achieved, and provides a confidence which until now has been lacking in MRT validation studies. The MC model is suitable for SyncRT dose calculation of clinically relevant field sizes at the IMBL, and can be extended to include medical beamlines at other Synchrotron facilities as well. The presented MC model will be used as a validation tool for treatment planning dose calculation algorithms, and is an important step towards veterinary SyncRT trials at the Australian Synchrotron.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - P Pellicioli
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France; Inserm UA7 STROBE, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France; Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - F Gagliardi
- Radiation Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Barnes
- Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - L M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Butler
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Livingstone
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - A W Stevenson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - J Lye
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Melbourne, Australia
| | - C M Poole
- Radiation Analytics, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Hausermann
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - P A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Renaud J, Palmans H, Sarfehnia A, Seuntjens J. Absorbed dose calorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:05TR02. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab4f29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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9
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Film dosimetry studies for patient specific quality assurance in microbeam radiation therapy. Phys Med 2019; 65:227-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Gagliardi FM, Franich RD, Geso M. Dose response and stability of water equivalent PRESAGE® dosimeters for synchrotron radiation therapy dosimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:235027. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaf1f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Comparative toxicity of synchrotron and conventional radiation therapy based on total and partial body irradiation in a murine model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12044. [PMID: 30104646 PMCID: PMC6089899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation can facilitate novel radiation therapy modalities such as microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and high dose-rate synchrotron broad-beam radiation therapy (SBBR). Both of these modalities have unique physical properties that could be exploited for an improved therapeutic effect. While pre-clinical studies report promising normal tissue sparing phenomena, systematic toxicity data are still required. Our objective was to characterise the toxicity of SBBR and MRT and to calculate equivalent doses of conventional radiation therapy (CRT). A dose-escalation study was performed on C57BLJ/6 mice using total body and partial body irradiations. Dose-response curves and TD50 values were subsequently calculated using PROBIT analysis. For SBBR at dose-rates of 37 to 41 Gy/s, we found no evidence of a normal tissue sparing effect relative to CRT. Our findings also show that the MRT valley dose, rather than the peak dose, best correlates with CRT doses for acute toxicity. Importantly, longer-term weight tracking of irradiated animals revealed more pronounced growth impairment following MRT compared to both SBBR and CRT. Overall, this study provides the first in vivo dose-equivalence data between MRT, SBBR and CRT and presents systematic toxicity data for a range of organs that can be used as a reference point for future pre-clinical work.
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12
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Gagliardi FM, Day L, Poole CM, Franich RD, Geso M. Water equivalent PRESAGE®
for synchrotron radiation therapy dosimetry. Med Phys 2018; 45:1255-1265. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Gagliardi
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology; The Alfred; Melbourne Vic 3004 Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora Vic 3083 Australia
| | - Liam Day
- School of Science; RMIT University; Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia
| | | | - Rick D. Franich
- School of Science; RMIT University; Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia
| | - Moshi Geso
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora Vic 3083 Australia
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Stevenson AW, Di Lillo F. Estimating the absolute flux distribution for a synchrotron X-ray beam using ionization-chamber measurements with various filters. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:939-953. [PMID: 28862616 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517009274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that an extensive set of accurate ionization-chamber measurements with a primary polychromatic synchrotron X-ray beam transmitted through various filter combinations/thicknesses can be used to quite effectively estimate the absolute flux distribution. The basic technique is simple but the `inversion' of the raw data to extract the flux distribution is a fundamentally ill-posed problem. It is demonstrated, using data collected at the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron, that the absolute flux can be quickly and reliably estimated if a suitable choice of filters is made. Results are presented as a function of the magnetic field (from 1.40 to 4.00 T) of the superconducting multi-pole wiggler insertion device installed at IMBL. A non-linear least-squares refinement of the data is used to estimate the incident flux distribution and then comparison is made with calculations from the programs SPECTRA, XOP and spec.exe. The technique described is important not only in estimating flux itself but also for a variety of other, derived, X-ray properties such as beam quality, power density and absorbed-dose rate. The applicability of the technique with a monochromatic X-ray beam for which there is significant harmonic contamination is also demonstrated. Whilst absolute results can also be derived in this monochromatic beam case, relative (integrated) flux values are sufficient for our primary aim of establishing reliable determinations of the percentages of the various harmonic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Francesca Di Lillo
- Department of Physics `Ettore Pancini', Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Livingstone J, Adam JF, Crosbie JC, Hall CJ, Lye JE, McKinlay J, Pelliccia D, Pouzoulet F, Prezado Y, Stevenson AW, Häusermann D. Preclinical radiotherapy at the Australian Synchrotron's Imaging and Medical Beamline: instrumentation, dosimetry and a small-animal feasibility study. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:854-865. [PMID: 28664893 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517006233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic applications of synchrotron X-rays such as microbeam (MRT) and minibeam (MBRT) radiation therapy promise significant advantages over conventional clinical techniques for some diseases if successfully transferred to clinical practice. Preclinical studies show clear evidence that a number of normal tissues in animal models display a tolerance to much higher doses from MRT compared with conventional radiotherapy. However, a wide spread in the parameters studied makes it difficult to make any conclusions about the associated tumour control or normal tissue complication probabilities. To facilitate more systematic and reproducible preclinical synchrotron radiotherapy studies, a dedicated preclinical station including small-animal irradiation stage was designed and installed at the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. The stage was characterized in terms of the accuracy and reliability of the vertical scanning speed, as this is the key variable in dose delivery. The measured speed was found to be within 1% of the nominal speed for the range of speeds measured by an interferometer. Furthermore, dose measurements confirm the expected relationship between speed and dose and show that the measured dose is independent of the scan direction. Important dosimetric parameters such as peak dose, valley dose, the collimator output factor and peak-to-valley dose ratio are presented for 5 mm × 5 mm, 10 mm × 10 mm and 20 mm × 20 mm field sizes. Finally, a feasibility study on three glioma-bearing rats was performed. MRT and MBRT doses were prescribed to achieve an average dose of 65 Gy in the target, and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up was performed at various time points after irradiation to follow the tumour volume. Although it is impossible to draw conclusions on the different treatments with such a small number of animals, the feasibility of end-to-end preclinical synchrotron radiotherapy studies using the IMBL preclinical stage is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean François Adam
- Equipe d'accueil Rayonnement Synchrotron et Recherche Médicale, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jeffrey C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Chris J Hall
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jessica E Lye
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Yallambie, Victoria 3085, Australia
| | | | - Daniele Pelliccia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | | | - Yolanda Prezado
- Unité Imagerie et Modelisation en Neurobiologie et Cancerologie, Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay, France
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15
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Poole CM, Day LRJ, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC. Synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy in a commercially available treatment planning system. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa5f1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Stevenson AW, Crosbie JC, Hall CJ, Häusermann D, Livingstone J, Lye JE. Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL). JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:110-141. [PMID: 28009552 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516015563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical early phase for any synchrotron beamline involves detailed testing, characterization and commissioning; this is especially true of a beamline as ambitious and complex as the Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. IMBL staff and expert users have been performing precise experiments aimed at quantitative characterization of the primary polychromatic and monochromatic X-ray beams, with particular emphasis placed on the wiggler insertion devices (IDs), the primary-slit system and any in vacuo and ex vacuo filters. The findings from these studies will be described herein. These results will benefit IMBL and other users in the future, especially those for whom detailed knowledge of the X-ray beam spectrum (or `quality') and flux density is important. This information is critical for radiotherapy and radiobiology users, who ultimately need to know (to better than 5%) what X-ray dose or dose rate is being delivered to their samples. Various correction factors associated with ionization-chamber (IC) dosimetry have been accounted for, e.g. ion recombination, electron-loss effects. A new and innovative approach has been developed in this regard, which can provide confirmation of key parameter values such as the magnetic field in the wiggler and the effective thickness of key filters. IMBL commenced operation in December 2008 with an Advanced Photon Source (APS) wiggler as the (interim) ID. A superconducting multi-pole wiggler was installed and operational in January 2013. Results are obtained for both of these IDs and useful comparisons are made. A comprehensive model of the IMBL has been developed, embodied in a new computer program named spec.exe, which has been validated against a variety of experimental measurements. Having demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the model, it is then possible to use it in a practical and predictive manner. It is hoped that spec.exe will prove to be a useful resource for synchrotron science in general, and for hard X-ray beamlines, whether they are based on bending magnets or insertion devices, in particular. In due course, it is planned to make spec.exe freely available to other synchrotron scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Christopher J Hall
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Häusermann
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jayde Livingstone
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jessica E Lye
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Butler DJ, Lye JE, Wright TE, Crossley D, Sharpe PHG, Stevenson AW, Livingstone J, Crosbie JC. Absorbed dose determination in kilovoltage X-ray synchrotron radiation using alanine dosimeters. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2016; 39:943-950. [PMID: 27585452 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-016-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alanine dosimeters from the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the UK were irradiated using kilovoltage synchrotron radiation at the imaging and medical beam line (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. A 20 × 20 mm2 area was irradiated by scanning the phantom containing the alanine through the 1 mm × 20 mm beam at a constant velocity. The polychromatic beam had an average energy of 95 keV and nominal absorbed dose to water rate of 250 Gy/s. The absorbed dose to water in the solid water phantom was first determined using a PTW Model 31014 PinPoint ionization chamber traceable to a graphite calorimeter. The alanine was read out at NPL using correction factors determined for 60Co, traceable to NPL standards, and a published energy correction was applied to correct for the effect of the synchrotron beam quality. The ratio of the doses determined by alanine at NPL and those determined at the synchrotron was 0.975 (standard uncertainty 0.042) when alanine energy correction factors published by Waldeland et al. (Waldeland E, Hole E O, Sagstuen E and Malinen E, Med. Phys. 2010, 37, 3569) were used, and 0.996 (standard uncertainty 0.031) when factors by Anton et al. (Anton M, Büermann L., Phys Med Biol. 2015 60 6113-29) were used. The results provide additional verification of the IMBL dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Butler
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, Victoria, 3085, Australia.
| | - J E Lye
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, Victoria, 3085, Australia
| | - T E Wright
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, Victoria, 3085, Australia
| | - D Crossley
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | | | - A W Stevenson
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - J Livingstone
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - J C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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