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Woźniak AP, Moszyński R. Modeling of High-Harmonic Generation in the C 60 Fullerene Using Ab Initio, DFT-Based, and Semiempirical Methods. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2683-2702. [PMID: 38534023 PMCID: PMC11017253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We report calculations of the high-harmonic generation spectra of the C60 fullerene molecule carried out by employing a diverse set of real-time time-dependent quantum chemical methods. All methodologies involve expanding the propagated electronic wave function in bases consisting of the ground and singly excited time-independent eigenstates obtained through the solution of the corresponding linear-response equations. We identify the correlation and exchange effect in the spectra by comparing the results from methods relying on the Hartree-Fock reference determinant with those obtained using approaches based on the density functional theory with different exchange-correlation functionals. The effect of the full random-phase approximation treatment of the excited electronic states is also analyzed and compared with the configuration interaction singles and the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. We also showcase the fact that the real-time extension of the semiempirical method INDO/S can be effectively applied for an approximate description of laser-driven dynamics in large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Moszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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2
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Gong X, Zhang W, Lu P, Ni H, Wu J. Probing and Steering Attosecond Electron Motion Using Tailored Ultrafast Laser Fields. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:401-412. [PMID: 38181198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
An ultrafast intense laser field is one of the most important tools to observe and manipulate electronic and nuclear dynamics with subcycle precision in highly nonlinear light-matter interactions, which provides access to attosecond chemistry and physics. In this review, we briefly summarize the protocol of attosecond chronoscopy and its application in probing the attosecond photoemission dynamics from atoms and molecules. We also review the control schemes of attosecond electron motion in atoms and molecules as well as molecular bond formation and cleavage with the assistance of tailored femtosecond laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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3
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Ando K. Potential energy surfaces for electron dynamics from a model of localized Gaussian wave packets with valence-bond spin-coupling: High-harmonic generation spectra from H and He atoms. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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4
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A TD-CIS study of high-harmonic generation of uracil cation fragments. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Luppi E, Coccia E. Probing the molecular frame of uracil and thymine with high-harmonic generation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3729-3738. [PMID: 33395454 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present the computed high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectra of uracil and thymine molecules, by means of the real-time time-dependent formulation of Gaussian-based configuration interaction with single excitations (RT-TD-CIS). According to the experimental work [Hutchison et al., Comparison of high-order harmonic generation in uracil and thymine ablation plumes, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 12308], a pulse wavelength of 780 nm has been used, together with an intensity of 1014 W cm-2 and a pulse duration of 23 optical cycles. In order to examine the effect of pulse polarisation, rotationally averaged (to mimic the gas-phase sample) and single-polarisations have been computed for both molecules. Our results show that the HHG signal for both molecules possibly originates from different ionisation channels, involving HOMO, HOMO-1, HOMO-2 and HOMO-3 orbitals, which lie within 4 eV. We characterize the HHG spectrum of thymine, supporting the idea that the absence of the thymine signal in the original work does not depend on the single-molecule behaviour. Present results for uracil are consistent with the experimental data. Moreover, we have observed that states below and above the chosen ionisation threshold provide different contributions to the HHG spectrum in averaged and single-polarisation calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Luppi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université and CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Grohmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Application of the Phase-Space Path Integral to Strong-Laser-Field-Assisted Electron-Ion Radiative Recombination: A Gauge-Covariant Formulation. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the problem of the choice of gauge in nonrelativistic strong-laser-field physics. For this purpose, we use the phase-space path-integral formalism to obtain the momentum-space matrix element of the exact time-evolution operator. With the assumption that the physical transition amplitude corresponds to transitions between eigenstates of the physical energy operator rather than the unperturbed Hamiltonian H0=(−i∂/∂r)2/2+V(r), we prove that the aforementioned momentum-space matrix elements obtained in velocity gauge and length gauge are equal. These results are applied to laser-assisted electron-ion radiative recombination (LAR). The transition amplitude comes out identical in length gauge and velocity gauge, and the expression agrees with the one conventionally obtained in length gauge. In addition to the strong-field approximation (SFA), which is the zeroth-order term of our expansion, we present explicit results for the first-order and the second-order terms, which correspond to LAR preceded by single and double scattering, respectively. Our general conclusion is that in applications to atomic processes in strong-field physics the length-gauge version of the SFA (and its higher-order corrections) should be used. Using the energy operator as the basis-defining Hamiltonian, we have shown that the resulting transition amplitude is gauge invariant and agrees with the form commonly derived in length gauge.
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8
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Figueira de Morisson Faria C, Maxwell AS. It is all about phases: ultrafast holographic photoelectron imaging. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:034401. [PMID: 31778986 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab5c91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron holography constitutes a powerful tool for the ultrafast imaging of matter, as it combines high electron currents with subfemtosecond resolution, and gives information about transition amplitudes and phase shifts. Similarly to light holography, it uses the phase difference between the probe and the reference waves associated with qualitatively different ionization events for the reconstruction of the target and for ascertaining any changes that may occur. These are major advantages over other attosecond imaging techniques, which require elaborate interferometric schemes in order to extract phase differences. For that reason, ultrafast photoelectron holography has experienced a huge growth in activity, which has led to a vast, but fragmented landscape. The present review is an organizational effort towards unifying this landscape. This includes a historic account in which a connection with laser-induced electron diffraction is established, a summary of the main holographic structures encountered and their underlying physical mechanisms, a broad discussion of the theoretical methods employed, and of the key challenges and future possibilities. We delve deeper in our own work, and place a strong emphasis on quantum interference, and on the residual Coulomb potential.
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9
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Ando K. Single-electron quantum dynamics in high-harmonic generation spectrum from LiH molecule: Analysis of potential energy surfaces for electrons constructed from a model of localized Gaussian wave packets with valence-bond spin-coupling. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:084306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5139079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ando
- Department of Information and Sciences, Tokyo Woman’s Christian University, 2-6-1 Zenpukuji, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 167-8585, Japan
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10
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Barborini M, Sorella S, Rontani M, Corni S. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy from first-principles quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5038864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandro Sorella
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and CNR-IOM Democritos National Simulation Center, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Corni
- CNR-NANO, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche—Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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11
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Li L, Lan P, He L, Zhu X, Chen J, Lu P. Scaling Law of High Harmonic Generation in the Framework of Photon Channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:223203. [PMID: 29906171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.223203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A photon channel perspective on high harmonic generation (HHG) is proposed by quantizing both the driving laser and high harmonics. It is shown that the HHG yield can be expressed as a sum of the contribution of all the photon channels. From this perspective, the contribution of a specific photon channel follows a simple scaling law and the competition between the channels is well interpreted. Our prediction is shown to be in good agreement with the simulations by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It also can explain well the experimental results of the HHG in the noncollinear two-color field and bicicular laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lixin He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Chen
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P. O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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12
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Someda K. Correlated motion of electrons in the He atom irradiated with coherent light. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1431411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Someda
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Gazibegović-Busuladžić A, Becker W, Milošević DB. Helicity asymmetry in strong-field ionization of atoms by a bicircular laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:12684-12697. [PMID: 29801305 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.012684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of atoms by an intense bicircular laser field is considered, which consists of two coplanar corotating or counterrotating circularly polarized field components with frequencies that are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency. Emphasis is on the effect of a reversal of the helicities of the two field components on the photoelectron spectra. The velocity maps of the liberated electrons are calculated using the direct strong-field approximation (SFA) and its improved version (ISFA), which takes into account rescattering off the parent ion. Under the SFA all symmetries of the driving field are preserved in the velocity map while the ISFA violates certain reflection symmetries. This allows one to assess the significance of rescattering in actual data obtained from an experiment or a numerical simulation.
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14
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Arnold C, Vendrell O, Welsch R, Santra R. Control of Nuclear Dynamics through Conical Intersections and Electronic Coherences. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:123001. [PMID: 29694080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nuclear dynamics and conical intersections on electronic coherences is investigated employing a two-state, two-mode linear vibronic coupling model. Exact quantum dynamical calculations are performed using the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method. It is found that the presence of a nonadiabatic coupling close to the Franck-Condon point can preserve electronic coherence to some extent. Additionally, the possibility of steering the nuclear wave packets by imprinting a relative phase between the electronic states during the photoionization process is discussed. It is found that the steering of nuclear wave packets is possible given that a coherent electronic wave packet embodying the phase difference passes through a conical intersection. A conical intersection close to the Franck-Condon point is thus a necessary prerequisite for control, providing a clear path towards attochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arnold
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ralph Welsch
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Ando K. Potential energy surfaces for electron dynamics modeled by floating and breathing Gaussian wave packets with valence-bond spin-coupling: An analysis of high-harmonic generation spectrum. J Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5012575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ando
- Department of Information and Sciences, Tokyo Woman’s Christian University, 2-6-1 Zenpukuji, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 167-8585, Japan
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16
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Yuan H, He L, Wang F, Wang B, Zhu X, Lan P, Lu P. Tomography of asymmetric molecular orbitals with a one-color inhomogeneous field. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:931-934. [PMID: 29444030 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate image asymmetric molecular orbitals via high-order harmonic generation in a one-color inhomogeneous field. Due to the broken inversion symmetry of the inhomogeneous field in space, the returning electrons with energy in a broad range can be forced to recollide from only one direction for all the orientation angles of molecules, which therefore can be used to reconstruct asymmetric molecular orbitals. Following the procedure of molecular orbital tomography, the highest occupied molecular orbital of carbon monoxide (CO) is satisfactorily reconstructed with high-order harmonic spectra driven by the inhomogeneous field. This scheme is helpful to relax the requirement of laser conditions and is also applicable to other asymmetric molecules.
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17
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Zhai C, Zhang X, Zhu X, He L, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Single-shot molecular orbital tomography with orthogonal two-color fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:2775-2784. [PMID: 29401813 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.002775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orbital tomography (MOT) based on high-order-harmonic generation opens a way to track the molecular electron dynamics or even follow a chemical reaction. However, the real-time imaging of the evolution of electron orbitals is hampered by the multi-shot measurement of high-order harmonics. Here, we report a single-shot MOT scheme with orthogonal two-color (OTC) fields. This scheme enables the tomographic imaging of molecular orbital with single-shot measurement in experiment, owing to the two-dimensional manipulation of the electron motion in OTC fields. Our work paves the way towards tracking the molecular electron dynamics with combined attosecond temporal and sub-Ångström spatial resolutions.
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18
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Time-Dependent Complete-Active-Space Self-Consistent-Field Method for Ultrafast Intense Laser Science. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03786-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Lestrange PJ, Hoffmann MR, Li X. Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction Using the Graphical Unitary Group Approach: Nonlinear Electric Properties. NOVEL ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE THEORY: GENERAL INNOVATIONS AND STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Risoud F, Lévêque C, Labeye M, Caillat J, Maquet A, Salières P, Taïeb R, Shaaran T. Laser-induced blurring of molecular structure information in high harmonic spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17302. [PMID: 29229961 PMCID: PMC5725427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic spectroscopy gives access to molecular structure with Angström resolution. Such information is encoded in the destructive interferences occurring between the harmonic emissions from the different parts of the molecule. By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, either numerically or with the molecular strong-field approximation, we show that the electron dynamics in the emission process generally results in a strong spectral smoothing of the interferences, blurring the structural information. However we identify specific generation conditions where they are unaffected. These findings have important consequences for molecular imaging and orbital tomography using high harmonic spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Risoud
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Camille Lévêque
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of physics and astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marie Labeye
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jérémie Caillat
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Alfred Maquet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Pascal Salières
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Richard Taïeb
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Tahir Shaaran
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Bag S, Chandra S, Bhattacharya A. Molecular attochemistry in non-polar liquid environments: ultrafast charge migration dynamics through gold-thiolate and gold-selenolate linkages. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26679-26696. [PMID: 28876015 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular attosecond science has already started contributing to our fundamental understanding of ultrafast purely electron dynamics in isolated molecules under vacuum. Extending attosecond science to the liquid phase is expected to offer new insight into the influence of a surrounding solvent environment on the attosecond electron dynamics in solvated molecules. A systematic theoretical investigation of the attochemistry of solvated molecules would help one design attosecond experiments under ambient conditions to explore the attochemistry in a liquid environment. With this goal in mind, for the first time, we have explored the attochemistry of molecules surrounded by different non-polar solvent environments. For this work, we have focused on the attosecond charge conduction through gold-thiolate and gold-selenolate linkages following the vertical ionization of the S/Se(CH3)-CH2-phenyl-X unit anchored to a gold dimeric cluster (Au2), where X represents either a strong electron donating N(CH3)2 group or a strong electron withdrawing NO2 group. To model solvation effects on the attochemistry of molecules containing gold-chalcogen linkages, we have used an implicit solvent model (Polarizable Continuum Model) under the density functional theory (DFT) formalism for non-polar solvents. We have found that the charge migration time scale in molecules becomes faster in the presence of the solvent environment as compared to that under vacuum. Charge oscillation does not damp quickly in molecules surrounded by the solvent environment as compared to that under vacuum. Furthermore, the direction of the charge migration may change in molecules when they are surrounded by the solvent environment as compared to that under vacuum. Thus, the present work has laid the foundation, for the first time, for thinking of the attochemistry into the realm of liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampad Bag
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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22
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Veyrinas K, Gruson V, Weber SJ, Barreau L, Ruchon T, Hergott JF, Houver JC, Lucchese RR, Salières P, Dowek D. Molecular frame photoemission by a comb of elliptical high-order harmonics: a sensitive probe of both photodynamics and harmonic complete polarization state. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:161-183. [PMID: 27853775 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00137h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the intimate anisotropic interaction between an XUV light field and a molecule resulting in photoionization (PI), molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) are most sensitive probes of both electronic/nuclear dynamics and the polarization state of the ionizing light field. Consequently, they encode the complex dipole matrix elements describing the dynamics of the PI transition, as well as the three normalized Stokes parameters s1, s2, s3 characterizing the complete polarization state of the light, operating as molecular polarimetry. The remarkable development of advanced light sources delivering attosecond XUV pulses opens the perspective to visualize the primary steps of photochemical dynamics in time-resolved studies, at the natural attosecond to few femtosecond time-scales of electron dynamics and fast nuclear motion. It is thus timely to investigate the feasibility of measurement of MFPADs when PI is induced e.g., by an attosecond pulse train (APT) corresponding to a comb of discrete high-order harmonics. In the work presented here, we report MFPAD studies based on coincident electron-ion 3D momentum imaging in the context of ultrafast molecular dynamics investigated at the PLFA facility (CEA-SLIC), with two perspectives: (i) using APTs generated in atoms/molecules as a source for MFPAD-resolved PI studies, and (ii) taking advantage of molecular polarimetry to perform a complete polarization analysis of the harmonic emission of molecules, a major challenge of high harmonic spectroscopy. Recent results illustrating both aspects are reported for APTs generated in unaligned SF6 molecules by an elliptically polarized infrared driving field. The observed fingerprints of the elliptically polarized harmonics include the first direct determination of the complete s1, s2, s3 Stokes vector, equivalent to (ψ, ε, P), the orientation and the signed ellipticity of the polarization ellipse, and the degree of polarization P. They are compared to so far incomplete results of XUV optical polarimetry. We finally discuss the comparison between the outcomes of photoionization and high harmonic spectroscopy for the description of molecular photodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Veyrinas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | - V Gruson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - S J Weber
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Barreau
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Ruchon
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-F Hergott
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-C Houver
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | - R R Lucchese
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P Salières
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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23
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Rego L, Román JS, Picón A, Plaja L, Hernández-García C. Nonperturbative Twist in the Generation of Extreme-Ultraviolet Vortex Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:163202. [PMID: 27792355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) has been recently proven to produce extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) vortices from the nonlinear conversion of infrared twisted beams. Previous works have demonstrated a linear scaling law of the vortex charge with the harmonic order. We demonstrate that this simple law hides an unexpectedly rich scenario for the buildup of orbital angular momentum (OAM) due to the nonperturbative behavior of HHG. The complexity of these twisted XUV beams appears only when HHG is driven by nonpure vortex modes, where the XUV OAM content is dramatically increased. We explore the underlying mechanisms for this diversity and derive a general conservation rule for the nonperturbative OAM buildup. The simple scaling found in previous works corresponds to the collapse of this scenario for the particular case of pure (single-mode) OAM driving fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rego
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio San Román
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Picón
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Luis Plaja
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
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24
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Coulomb-corrected molecular orbital tomography of nitrogen. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23236. [PMID: 27000666 PMCID: PMC4802381 DOI: 10.1038/srep23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from aligned molecules has provided a promising way to probe the molecular orbital with an Ångström resolution. This method, usually called molecular orbital tomography (MOT) replies on a simple assumption of the plane-wave approximation (PW), which has long been questioned due to that PW approximation is known to be valid in the keV energy region. However, the photon energy is usually no more than 100 eV in HHG. In this work, we experimentally reconstruct the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of nitrogen (N2) by using a Coulomb-corrected MOT (CCMOT) method. In our scheme, the molecular continuum states are described by a Coulomb wave function instead of the PW approximation. With CCMOT, the reconstructed orbital is demonstrated to agree well with the theoretical prediction and retain the main features of the HOMO of N2. Compared to the PW approximation method, the CCMOT shows a significant improvement in eliminating the artificial structures caused by PW approximation.
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25
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Bruner BD, Mašín Z, Negro M, Morales F, Brambila D, Devetta M, Faccialà D, Harvey AG, Ivanov M, Mairesse Y, Patchkovskii S, Serbinenko V, Soifer H, Stagira S, Vozzi C, Dudovich N, Smirnova O. Multidimensional high harmonic spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules: detecting sub-cycle laser-driven hole dynamics upon ionization in strong mid-IR laser fields. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:369-405. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00130k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy has opened up a new frontier in ultrafast science, where electronic dynamics can be measured on an attosecond time scale. The strong laser field that triggers the high harmonic response also opens multiple quantum pathways for multielectron dynamics in molecules, resulting in a complex process of multielectron rearrangement during ionization. Using combined experimental and theoretical approaches, we show how multi-dimensional HHG spectroscopy can be used to detect and follow electronic dynamics of core rearrangement on sub-laser cycle time scales. We detect the signatures of laser-driven hole dynamics upon ionization and reconstruct the relative phases and amplitudes for relevant ionization channels in a CO2 molecule on a sub-cycle time scale. Reconstruction of channel-resolved complex ionization amplitudes on attosecond time scales has been a long-standing goal of high harmonic spectroscopy. Our study brings us one step closer to fulfilling this initial promise and developing robust schemes for sub-femtosecond imaging of multielectron rearrangement in complex molecular systems.
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26
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Li Y, Lan P, Xie H, He M, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Lu P. Nonadiabatic tunnel ionization in strong circularly polarized laser fields: counterintuitive angular shifts in the photoelectron momentum distribution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:28801-28807. [PMID: 26561149 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.028801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We perform time-dependent calculation of strong-field ionization of neon, initially prepared in 2p(-1) and 2p(+1) states, with intense near-circularly polarized laser pulses. By solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we find clear different offset angles of the maximum in the photoelectron momentum distribution in the polarization plane of the laser pulses for the two states. We provide clear interpretation that this different angular offset is linked to the sign of the magnetic quantum number, thus it can be used to map out the orbital angular momentum of the initial state. Our results provide a potential tool for studying orbital symmetry in atomic and molecular systems.
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27
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Majety VP, Scrinzi A. Dynamic Exchange in the Strong Field Ionization of Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:103002. [PMID: 26382676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that dynamic exchange is a dominant effect in strong field ionization of molecules. In CO(2) it fixes the peak ionization yield at the experimentally observed angle of 45° between polarization direction and the molecular axis. For O(2) it changes the angle of peak emission and for N(2) the alignment dependence of yields is modified by up to a factor of 2. The effect appears on the Hartree-Fock level as well as in full ab initio solutions of the Schrödinger equation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Scrinzi
- Physics Department, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, D-80333 Munich, Germany
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28
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Li Y, Qin M, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Ultrafast molecular orbital imaging based on attosecond photoelectron diffraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:10687-10702. [PMID: 25969107 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.010687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present ab initio numerical study of ultrafast ionization dynamics of H(2)(+) as well as CO(2) and N(2) exposed to linearly polarized attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. When the molecules are aligned perpendicular to laser polarization direction, photonionization of these molecules show clear and distinguishing diffraction patterns in molecular attosecond photoelectron momentum distributions. The internuclear distances of the molecules are related to the position of the associated diffraction patterns, which can be determined with high accuracy. Moreover, the relative heights of the diffraction fringes contain fruitful information of the molecular orbital structures. We show that the diffraction spectra can be well produced using the two-center interference model. By adopting a simple inversion algorithm which takes into account the symmetry of the initial molecular orbital, we can retrieve the molecular orbital from which the electron is ionized. Our results offer possibility for imaging of molecular structure and orbitals by performing molecular attosecond photoelectron diffraction.
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29
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Benko C, Hua L, Allison TK, Labaye F, Ye J. Cavity-enhanced field-free molecular alignment at a high repetition rate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:153001. [PMID: 25933311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet frequency combs are a versatile tool with applications including precision measurement, strong-field physics, and solid-state physics. Here we report on an application of extreme ultraviolet frequency combs and their driving lasers for studying strong-field effects in molecular systems. We perform field-free molecular alignment and high-order harmonic generation with aligned molecules in a gas jet at a repetition rate of 154 MHz using a high-powered optical frequency comb inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity. The cavity-enhanced system provides a means to reach suitable intensities to study field-free molecular alignment and enhance the observable effects of the molecule-field interaction. We observe modulations of the driving field, arising from the nature of impulsive stimulated Raman scattering responsible for coherent molecular rotations. We foresee the impact of this work on the study of molecule-based strong-field physics, with improved precision and a more fundamental understanding of the interaction effects on both the field and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Benko
- JILA, NIST and the University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Linqiang Hua
- JILA, NIST and the University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Thomas K Allison
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - François Labaye
- JILA, NIST and the University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST and the University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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30
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Petersen I, Henkel J, Lein M. Signatures of molecular orbital structure in lateral electron momentum distributions from strong-field ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:103004. [PMID: 25815929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization of aligned diatomic and polyatomic molecules such as O2, N2, C2H4, and others in circularly polarized laser fields is investigated theoretically. By calculating the emission-angle-resolved lateral width of the momentum distribution perpendicular to the polarization plane, we show that nodal planes in molecular orbitals are directly imprinted on the angular dependence of the width. We demonstrate that orbital symmetries can be distinguished with the information obtained by observing the lateral width in addition to the angular distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Petersen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jost Henkel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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31
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Weber SJ, Manschwetus B, Billon M, Böttcher M, Bougeard M, Breger P, Géléoc M, Gruson V, Huetz A, Lin N, Picard YJ, Ruchon T, Salières P, Carré B. Flexible attosecond beamline for high harmonic spectroscopy and XUV/near-IR pump probe experiments requiring long acquisition times. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033108. [PMID: 25832212 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the versatile features of the attosecond beamline recently installed at CEA-Saclay on the PLFA kHz laser. It combines a fine and very complete set of diagnostics enabling high harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) through the advanced characterization of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the harmonic emission. It also allows a variety of photo-ionization experiments using magnetic bottle and COLTRIMS (COLd Target Recoil Ion Momentum Microscopy) electron spectrometers that may be used simultaneously, thanks to a two-foci configuration. Using both passive and active stabilization, special care was paid to the long term stability of the system to allow, using both experimental approaches, time resolved studies with attosecond precision, typically over several hours of acquisition times. As an illustration, applications to multi-orbital HHS and electron-ion coincidence time resolved spectroscopy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Weber
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Manschwetus
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Billon
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Böttcher
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - M Bougeard
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Breger
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Géléoc
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - V Gruson
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Huetz
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - N Lin
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Y J Picard
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - T Ruchon
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Salières
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Carré
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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32
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Patchkovskii S, Schuurman MS. Short-Time Dynamics at a Conical Intersection in High-Harmonic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:12069-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5090444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Schuurman
- Steacie Laboratories, National Research Council of Canada, 100
Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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33
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Miyagi H, Bojer Madsen L. Time-dependent restricted-active-space self-consistent-field singles method for many-electron dynamics. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:164309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4872005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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34
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Lötstedt E, Midorikawa K. Nuclear reaction induced by carrier-envelope-phase controlled proton recollision in a laser-driven molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:093001. [PMID: 24655249 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear reactions induced by proton recollision with a nearby nucleus are studied in a setup where a neutral molecule is exposed to an extremely intense, few-cycle laser pulse. At the rising edge of the laser pulse, all electrons in the molecule are first ejected by field ionization, resulting in a molecule consisting of the bare nuclei only. A proton in the bare molecule is subsequently accelerated by the laser field in such a way that it recollides with a nearby, heavier nucleus, with a kinetic energy high enough to induce a nuclear reaction. As a specific example, the probability of triggering the (15)N(p,α)(12)C reaction by exposing either a (15)NH molecule or a (15)NH3 molecule to an intense laser pulse is calculated using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. We show that the proton recollision process can be controlled both by varying the carrier-envelope phase of the laser field and by the degree of molecular orientation. We also find that the magnetic field of the laser pulse plays a crucial role in the recollision dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lötstedt
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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35
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Zhang Y, Hua W, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Core and Valence Excitations Using Short X-Ray Pulses: Simulation Challenges. DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHODS FOR EXCITED STATES 2014; 368:273-345. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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37
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Hernández-García C, Picón A, San Román J, Plaja L. Attosecond extreme ultraviolet vortices from high-order harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:083602. [PMID: 24010438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and propagation driven by an infrared field carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Our calculations unveil the following relevant phenomena: extreme-ultraviolet harmonic vortices are generated and survive to the propagation effects, vortices transport high-OAM multiples of the corresponding OAM of the driving field and, finally, the different harmonic vortices are emitted with similar divergence. We also show the possibility of combining OAM and HHG phase locking to produce attosecond pulses with helical pulse structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Óptica Extrema, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain and JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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38
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Chen YJ, Fu LB, Liu J. Asymmetric molecular imaging through decoding odd-even high-order harmonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:073902. [PMID: 23992067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.073902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The exquisite procedure for imaging a molecular orbital with high-order harmonics proposed by Itatani et al. [Nature (London) 432, 867 (2004)] encounters difficulty when extended to an asymmetric molecule because the wave function there usually does not have a definite parity. With the observation that the wave function can be decomposed into a sum of odd and even functions and that the ionization process in harmonic generation is usually not sensitive to the asymmetry of the molecular potential, we predict that asymmetric molecular orbital imaging can be implemented through decoding odd-even high-order harmonics. A generalized tomography procedure is proposed, which has been certified by analytic deduction and numerical simulation. The above finding greatly extends the molecular tomography procedure and will further stimulate related experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chen
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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39
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Marquardt R. Theoretical methods for ultrafast spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1350-61. [PMID: 23606322 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201201096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy in the femtosecond and attosecond time domain is a tool to unravel the dynamics of nuclear and electronic motion in molecular systems. Theoretical insight into the underlying physical processes is ideally gained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. In this work, methods currently used to solve this equation are reviewed in a compact presentation. These methods involve numerical representations of wavefunctions and operators, the calculation of time evolution operators, the setting up of the Hamiltonian operators and the types of coordinates to be used hereto. The advantages and disadvantages of some methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Marquardt
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS/UdS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal-CS90032, 67081 Strasbourg-Cedex, France.
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40
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Zhu X, Qin M, Zhang Q, Li Y, Xu Z, Lu P. Influence of large permanent dipoles on molecular orbital tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5255-5268. [PMID: 23482097 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of large permanent dipoles on molecular orbital tomography via high-order harmonic generation (HHG) is investigated in this work. It is found that, owing to the modification of the angle-dependent ionization rate resulting from the Stark shift, the one-side-recollision condition for the tomographic imaging can not be satisfied even with the few-cycle driving pulses. To overcome this problem, we employ a tailored driving pulse by adding a weak low-frequency pulse to the few-cycle laser pulse to control the HHG process and the recollision of the continuum electrons are effectively restricted to only one side of the core. Then we carried out the orbital reconstruction in both the length and velocity forms. The results show that, the orbital structure can only be successfully reproduced by using the dipole matrix elements projected perpendicular to the permanent dipole in both forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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41
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Imaging Orbitals by Ionization or Electron Attachment: The Role of Dyson Orbitals. IMAGING AND MANIPULATING MOLECULAR ORBITALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38809-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Qin M, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Lu P. Tomographic imaging of asymmetric molecular orbitals with a two-color multicycle laser field. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:5208-5210. [PMID: 23258054 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.005208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a scheme for tomographic reconstruction of asymmetric molecular orbitals based on high-order harmonic generation with a two-color multicycle laser field. It is shown that by adjusting the relative phase of the two fields, the returning electrons can be forced to recollide from one direction for all the orientations of molecules. Thus, the reconstruction of the asymmetric orbitals can be carried out with multicycle laser field. This releases the stringent requirement of a single-cycle pulse with a stabilized and controllable carrier-envelope phase for the tomographic imaging of asymmetric molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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