1
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Brodin G, Al-Naseri H. Anomalous conductivity due to relativistic Landau quantization. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:015204. [PMID: 39160936 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.015204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
We use a recently developed a kinetic model derived from the Dirac equation to study electromagnetic wave propagation in superstrong magnetic fields, such as in magnetars, where relativistic Landau quantization is prominent. The leading contribution to the conductivity tensor in such a plasma is calculated. It is found that the electron Hall current has an anomalous contribution, in the quantum relativistic regime, where the effective particle energy has a significant contribution from the diamagnetic and Zeeman energy. As a result, a new quantum resonance frequency appears, and the dispersion relation for the left- and right-hand polarized modes are strongly modified for long and moderate wavelengths. The implications for magnetar physics are discussed.
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2
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Hu TX, Wu D, Sheng ZM, Zhang J. Exact dispersion relation of the quantum Langmuir wave. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:065213. [PMID: 39020969 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.065213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The normal modes, i.e., the eigensolutions to the dispersion relation equation, are the most fundamental properties of a plasma. The real part indicates the intrinsic oscillation frequency while the imaginary part the Landau damping rate. In most of the literature, the normal modes of quantum plasmas are obtained by means of small damping approximation, which is invalid for high-k modes. In this paper, we solve the exact dispersion relations via the analytical continuation scheme, and, due to the multi-value nature of the Fermi-Dirac distribution, reformation of the complex Riemann surface is required. It is found that the topological shape of the root locus in quantum plasmas is quite different from classical ones, in which both real and imaginary frequencies of high-k modes increase with k steeper than the typical linear behavior in classical plasmas. As a result, the time-evolving behavior of a high-k initial perturbation becomes ballistic-like in quantum plasmas.
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3
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Zaïm N, Sainte-Marie A, Fedeli L, Bartoli P, Huebl A, Leblanc A, Vay JL, Vincenti H. Light-Matter Interaction near the Schwinger Limit Using Tightly Focused Doppler-Boosted Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:175002. [PMID: 38728726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF QED) is a burgeoning research topic dealing with electromagnetic fields comparable to the Schwinger field (≈1.32×10^{18} V/m). While most past and proposed experiments rely on reaching this field in the rest frame of relativistic particles, the Schwinger limit could also be approached in the laboratory frame by focusing to its diffraction limit the light reflected by a plasma mirror irradiated by a multipetawatt laser. We explore the interaction between such intense light and matter with particle-in-cell simulations. We find that the collision with a relativistic electron beam would enable the study of the nonperturbative regime of SF QED, while the interaction with a solid target leads to a profusion of SF QED effects that retroact on the interaction. In both cases, relativistic attosecond pair jets with high densities are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neïl Zaïm
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Luca Fedeli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Bartoli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Axel Huebl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adrien Leblanc
- LOA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Henri Vincenti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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4
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Shukla N, Schoeffler K, Vieira J, Fonseca R, Boella E, Silva LO. Slowdown of interpenetration of two counterpropagating plasma slabs due to collective effects. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:035204. [PMID: 35428146 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.035204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear evolution of electromagnetic instabilities driven by the interpenetration of two e^{-},e^{+} plasma clouds is explored using ab initio kinetic plasma simulations. We show that the plasma clouds slow down due to both oblique and Weibel generated electromagnetic fields, which deflect the particle trajectories, transferring bulk forward momentum into transverse momentum and thermal velocity spread. This process causes the flow velocity v_{inst} to decrease approximately by a factor of sqrt[1/3] in a time interval Δt_{αB}ω_{p}∼c/(v_{fl}sqrt[α_{B}]), where α_{B} is the magnetic equipartition parameter determined by the nonlinear saturation of the instabilities, v_{fl} is the initial flow speed, and ω_{p} is the plasma frequency. For the α_{B} measured in our simulations, Δt_{αB} is close to 10 times the instability growth time. We show that as long as the plasma slab length L>v_{fl}Δt_{αB}, the plasma flow is expected to slow down by a factor close to sqrt[1/3].
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- CINECA High-Performance Computing Department, Casalecchio di Reno, 40033 Bologna, Italy
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K Schoeffler
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Fonseca
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- DCTI/ISCTE, Instituto Universitario de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Boella
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YW Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, WA4 4AD Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Bret A. Quantum electrodynamic effects on counter-streaming instabilities in the whole k space. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:015205. [PMID: 35193210 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.015205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a recent work [Bret, EPL 135, 35001 (2021)10.1209/0295-5075/ac1e44], quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects were evaluated for the two-stream instability. It pertains to the growth of perturbations with a wave vector oriented along the flow in a collisionless counter-streaming system. Here, the analysis is extended to every possible orientation of the wave vector. The previous result for the two-stream instability is recovered, and it is proved that, even within the framework of a three-dimensional (3D) analysis, this instability remains fundamentally 1D even when accounting for QED effects. The filamentation instability, found for wave vectors normal to the flow, is weakly affected by QED corrections. As in the classical case, its growth rate saturates at large k_{⊥}. The saturation value is found independent of QED corrections. Also, the smallest unstable k_{⊥} is independent of QED corrections. Surprisingly, unstable modes found for oblique wave vectors do not follow the same pattern. For some, QED corrections do reduce the growth rate. But, for others, the same corrections increase the growth rate instead. The possibility for QED effects to play a role in unmagnetized systems is evaluated. Pair production resulting from γ emission by particles oscillating in the exponentially growing fields is not accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bret
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales, Campus Universitario de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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6
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Fedeli L, Sainte-Marie A, Zaim N, Thévenet M, Vay JL, Myers A, Quéré F, Vincenti H. Probing Strong-Field QED with Doppler-Boosted Petawatt-Class Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:114801. [PMID: 34558937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to explore regimes of strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF QED) otherwise unattainable with the currently available laser technology. The scheme relies on relativistic plasma mirrors curved by radiation pressure to boost the intensity of petawatt-class laser pulses by Doppler effect and focus them to extreme field intensities. We show that very clear SF QED signatures could be observed by placing a secondary target where the boosted beam is focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fedeli
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Sainte-Marie
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Zaim
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Thévenet
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J L Vay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Myers
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Quéré
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Vincenti
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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7
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Qu K, Meuren S, Fisch NJ. Signature of Collective Plasma Effects in Beam-Driven QED Cascades. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:095001. [PMID: 34506208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.095001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
QED cascades play an important role in extreme astrophysical environments like magnetars. They can also be produced by passing a relativistic electron beam through an intense laser field. Signatures of collective pair plasma effects in these QED cascades are shown to appear, in exquisite detail, through plasma-induced frequency upshifts in the laser spectrum. Remarkably, these signatures can be detected even in small plasma volumes moving at relativistic speeds. Strong-field quantum and collective pair plasma effects can thus be explored with existing technology, provided that ultradense electron beams are colocated with multipetawatt lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Qu
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Sebastian Meuren
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Fisch
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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8
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Scheiner B, Baalrud SD. Viscosity of the magnetized strongly coupled one-component plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:063202. [PMID: 33466065 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The viscosity tensor of the magnetized one-component plasma, consisting of five independent shear viscosity coefficients, a bulk viscosity coefficient, and a cross coefficient, is computed using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and the Green-Kubo relations. A broad range of Coulomb coupling and magnetization strength conditions are studied. Magnetization is found to strongly influence the shear viscosity coefficients when the gyrofrequency exceeds the Coulomb collision frequency. Three regimes are identified as the Coulomb coupling strength and magnetization strength are varied. The Green-Kubo relations are used to separate kinetic and potential energy contributions to each viscosity coefficient, showing how each contribution depends upon the magnetization strength. The shear viscosity coefficient associated with the component of the pressure tensor parallel to the magnetic field, and the two coefficients associated with the component perpendicular to the magnetic field, are all found to merge to a common value at strong Coulomb coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Scheiner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Scott D Baalrud
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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9
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Al-Naseri H, Zamanian J, Ekman R, Brodin G. Kinetic theory for spin-1/2 particles in ultrastrong magnetic fields. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:043203. [PMID: 33212646 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.043203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
When the Zeeman energy approaches the characteristic kinetic energy of electrons, Landau quantization becomes important. In the vicinity of magnetars, the Zeeman energy can even be relativistic. We start from the Dirac equation and derive a kinetic equation for electrons, focusing on the phenomenon of Landau quantization in such ultrastrong but constant magnetic fields, neglecting short-scale quantum phenomena. It turns out that the usual relativistic γ factor of the Vlasov equation is replaced by an energy operator, depending on the spin state, and also containing momentum derivatives. Furthermore, we show that the energy eigenstates in a magnetic field can be computed as eigenfunctions of this operator. The dispersion relation for electrostatic waves in a plasma is computed, and the significance of our results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Zamanian
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robin Ekman
- Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Gert Brodin
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Ekman R, Al-Naseri H, Zamanian J, Brodin G. Relativistic kinetic theory for spin-1/2 particles: Conservation laws, thermodynamics, and linear waves. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:023201. [PMID: 31574677 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study a recently derived fully relativistic kinetic model for spin-1/2 particles. First, the full set of conservation laws for energy, momentum, and angular momentum are given together with an expression for the (nonsymmetric) stress-energy tensor. Next, the thermodynamic equilibrium distribution is given in different limiting cases. Furthermore, we address the analytical complexity that arises when the spin and momentum eigenfunctions are coupled in linear theory by calculating the linear dispersion relation for such a case. Finally, we discuss the model and give some context by comparing with potentially relevant phenomena that are not included, such as radiation reaction and vacuum polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ekman
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Al-Naseri
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Zamanian
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - G Brodin
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Abstract
The vast majority of QED results are obtained in relatively weak fields and so in the framework of perturbation theory. However, forthcoming laser facilities providing extremely high fields can be used to enter not-yet-studied regimes. Here, a scheme is proposed that might be used to reach a supercritical regime of radiation reaction or even the fully non-perturbative regime of quantum electrodynamics. The scheme considers the collision of a 100 GeV-class electron beam with a counterpropagating ultraintense electromagnetic pulse. To reach these supercritical regimes, it is unavoidable to use a pulse with ultrashort duration. Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, it is therefore shown how one can convert a next-generation optical laser to an ultraintense (I ≈ 2.9 × 1024 Wcm-2) attosecond (duration ≈ 150 as) pulse. It is shown that if the perturbation theory persists in extreme fields, the spectrum of secondary particles can be found semi-analytically. In contrast, a comparison with experimental data may allow differentiating the contribution of high-order radiative corrections if the perturbation theory breaks.
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12
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Gabbana A, Simeoni D, Succi S, Tripiccione R. Relativistic dissipation obeys Chapman-Enskog asymptotics: Analytical and numerical evidence as a basis for accurate kinetic simulations. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:052126. [PMID: 31212459 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.052126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present an analytical derivation of the transport coefficients of a relativistic gas in (2+1) dimensions for both Chapman-Enskog (CE) asymptotics and Grad's expansion methods. We further develop a systematic calibration method, connecting the relaxation time of relativistic kinetic theory to the transport parameters of the associated dissipative hydrodynamic equations. Comparison of our analytical results and numerical simulations shows that the CE method correctly captures dissipative effects, while Grad's method does not, in agreement with previous analyses performed in the (3+1)-dimensional case. These results provide a solid basis for accurately calibrated computational studies of relativistic dissipative flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gabbana
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Università di Ferrara and INFN-Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy.,Chair of Applied Mathematics and Numerical Analysis, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Simeoni
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Università di Ferrara and INFN-Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy.,Chair of Applied Mathematics and Numerical Analysis, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S Succi
- Center for Life Nano Science @ La Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 295, I-00161 Roma, Italy.,Istituto Applicazioni del Calcolo, National Research Council of Italy, Via dei Taurini 19, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Tripiccione
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Università di Ferrara and INFN-Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Yakimenko V, Meuren S, Del Gaudio F, Baumann C, Fedotov A, Fiuza F, Grismayer T, Hogan MJ, Pukhov A, Silva LO, White G. Prospect of Studying Nonperturbative QED with Beam-Beam Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:190404. [PMID: 31144933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.190404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the experimental feasibility of probing the fully nonperturbative regime of quantum electrodynamics with a 100 GeV-class particle collider. By using tightly compressed and focused electron beams, beamstrahlung radiation losses can be mitigated, allowing the particles to experience extreme electromagnetic fields. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirm the viability of this approach. The experimental forefront envisaged has the potential to establish a novel research field and to stimulate the development of a new theoretical methodology for this yet unexplored regime of strong-field quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Meuren
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Del Gaudio
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Baumann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Fedotov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - F Fiuza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Grismayer
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G White
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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14
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Hatifi M, Di Molfetta G, Debbasch F, Brachet M. Quantum walk hydrodynamics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2989. [PMID: 30814623 PMCID: PMC6393481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple Discrete-Time Quantum Walk (DTQW) on the line is revisited and given an hydrodynamic interpretation through a novel relativistic generalization of the Madelung transform. Numerical results show that suitable initial conditions indeed produce hydrodynamical shocks and that the coherence achieved in current experiments is robust enough to simulate quantum hydrodynamical phenomena through DTQWs. An analytical computation of the asymptotic quantum shock structure is presented. The non-relativistic limit is explored in the Supplementary Material (SM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hatifi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, École Centrale de Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Molfetta
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS, France, Natural Computation research group, Marseille, France.
- Departamento de Física Teórica and IFIC, Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Fabrice Debbasch
- LERMA, UMR 8112, UPMC and Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Brachet
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
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15
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Stillman CR, Nilson PM, Sefkow AB, Ivancic ST, Mileham C, Begishev IA, Froula DH. Energy transfer dynamics in strongly inhomogeneous hot-dense-matter systems. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:063208. [PMID: 30011604 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.063208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Direct measurements of energy transfer across steep density and temperature gradients in a hot-dense-matter system are presented. Hot-dense-plasma conditions were generated by high-intensity laser irradiation of a thin-foil target containing a buried metal layer. Energy transfer to the layer was measured using picosecond time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy. The data show two x-ray flashes in time. Fully explicit, coupled particle-in-cell and collisional-radiative atomic kinetics model predictions reproduce these observations, connecting the two x-ray flashes with staged radial energy transfer within the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Stillman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A B Sefkow
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Mileham
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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16
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Elkamash IS, Kourakis I, Haas F. Ion-beam-plasma interaction effects on electrostatic solitary wave propagation in ultradense relativistic quantum plasmas. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:043206. [PMID: 29347504 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.043206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the transport properties of charged particle beams is important not only from a fundamental point of view but also due to its relevance in a variety of applications. A theoretical model is established in this article, to model the interaction of a tenuous positively charged ion beam with an ultradense quantum electron-ion plasma, by employing a rigorous relativistic quantum-hydrodynamic (fluid plasma) electrostatic model proposed in McKerr et al. [M. McKerr, F. Haas, and I. Kourakis, Phys. Rev. E 90, 033112 (2014)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.90.033112]. A nonlinear analysis is carried out to elucidate the propagation characteristics and the existence conditions of large amplitude electrostatic solitary waves propagating in the plasma in the presence of the beam. Anticipating stationary profile excitations, a pseudomechanical energy balance formalism is adopted to reduce the fluid evolution equation to an ordinary differential equation. Exact solutions are thus obtained numerically, predicting localized excitations (pulses) for all of the plasma state variables, in response to an electrostatic potential disturbance. An ambipolar electric field form is also obtained. Thorough analysis of the reality conditions for all variables is undertaken in order to determine the range of allowed values for the solitonic pulse speed and how it varies as a function of the beam characteristics (beam velocity and density).
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Elkamash
- Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - I Kourakis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - F Haas
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Lazarian A, Eyink G, Vishniac E, Kowal G. Turbulent reconnection and its implications. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:20140144. [PMID: 25848076 PMCID: PMC4394676 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a process of magnetic field topology change, which is one of the most fundamental processes happening in magnetized plasmas. In most astrophysical environments, the Reynolds numbers corresponding to plasma flows are large and therefore the transition to turbulence is inevitable. This turbulence, which can be pre-existing or driven by magnetic reconnection itself, must be taken into account for any theory of magnetic reconnection that attempts to describe the process in the aforementioned environments. This necessity is obvious as three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations show the transition to the turbulence state of initially laminar reconnecting magnetic fields. We discuss ideas of how turbulence can modify reconnection with the focus on the Lazarian & Vishniac (Lazarian & Vishniac 1999 Astrophys. J. 517, 700-718 (doi:10.1086/307233)) reconnection model. We present numerical evidence supporting the model and demonstrate that it is closely connected to the experimentally proven concept of Richardson dispersion/diffusion as well as to more recent advances in understanding of the Lagrangian dynamics of magnetized fluids. We point out that the generalized Ohm's law that accounts for turbulent motion predicts the subdominance of the microphysical plasma effects for reconnection for realistically turbulent media. We show that one of the most dramatic consequences of turbulence is the violation of the generally accepted notion of magnetic flux freezing. This notion is a cornerstone of most theories dealing with magnetized plasmas, and therefore its change induces fundamental shifts in accepted paradigms, for instance, turbulent reconnection entails reconnection diffusion process that is essential for understanding star formation. We argue that at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers the process of tearing reconnection should transfer to turbulent reconnection. We discuss flares that are predicted by turbulent reconnection and relate this process to solar flares and γ-ray bursts. With reference to experiments, we analyse solar observations in situ as measurements in the solar wind or heliospheric current sheet and show the correspondence of data with turbulent reconnection predictions. Finally, we discuss first-order Fermi acceleration of particles that is a natural consequence of the turbulent reconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lazarian
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - G Eyink
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - E Vishniac
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - G Kowal
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000-Ermelino Matarazzo, CEP 03828-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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Andreev PA. Separated spin-up and spin-down quantum hydrodynamics of degenerated electrons: Spin-electron acoustic wave appearance. Phys Rev E 2015; 91:033111. [PMID: 25871228 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.033111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model of charged spin-1/2 particles contains physical quantities defined for all particles of a species including particles with spin-up and with spin-down. Different populations of states with different spin directions are included in the spin density (the magnetization). In this paper I derive a QHD model, which separately describes spin-up electrons and spin-down electrons. Hence electrons with different projections of spins on the preferable direction are considered as two different species of particles. It is shown that the numbers of particles with different spin directions do not conserve. Hence the continuity equations contain sources of particles. These sources are caused by the interactions of the spins with the magnetic field. Terms of similar nature arise in the Euler equation. The z projection of the spin density is no longer an independent variable. It is proportional to the difference between the concentrations of the electrons with spin-up and the electrons with spin-down. The propagation of waves in the magnetized plasmas of degenerate electrons is considered. Two regimes for the ion dynamics, the motionless ions and the motion of the degenerate ions as the single species with no account of the spin dynamics, are considered. It is shown that this form of the QHD equations gives all solutions obtained from the traditional form of QHD equations with no distinction of spin-up and spin-down states. But it also reveals a soundlike solution called the spin-electron acoustic wave. Coincidence of most solutions is expected since this derivation was started with the same basic equation: the Pauli equation. Solutions arise due to the different Fermi pressures for the spin-up electrons and the spin-down electrons in the magnetic field. The results are applied to degenerate electron gas of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic metals in the external magnetic field. The dispersion of the spin-electron acoustic waves in the partially spin-polarized degenerate neutron matter are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Andreev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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