1
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Yamamoto D, Morita K. Engineering of a Low-Entropy Quantum Simulator for Strongly Correlated Electrons Using Cold Atoms with SU(N)-Symmetric Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213401. [PMID: 38856247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An advanced cooling scheme, incorporating entropy engineering, is vital for isolated artificial quantum systems designed to emulate the low-temperature physics of strongly correlated electron systems. This study theoretically demonstrates a cooling method employing multicomponent Fermi gases with SU(N)-symmetric interactions, focusing on the case of ^{173}Yb atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice. Adiabatically introducing a nonuniform state-selective laser gives rise to two distinct subsystems: a central low-entropy region, exclusively composed of two specific spin components, acts as a quantum simulator for strongly correlated electron systems, while the surrounding N-component mixture retains a significant portion of the entropy of the system. The total particle numbers for each component are good quantum numbers, creating a sharp boundary for the two-component region. The cooling efficiency is assessed through extensive finite-temperature Lanczos calculations. The results lay the foundation for quantum simulations of two-dimensional systems of Hubbard or Heisenberg type, offering crucial insights into intriguing low-temperature phenomena in condensed-matter physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Morita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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2
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Tečer M, Di Liberto M, Silvi P, Montangero S, Romanato F, Calajó G. Strongly Interacting Photons in 2D Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163602. [PMID: 38701484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional confinement in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) plays a crucial role to enhance light-matter interactions and to induce a strong quantum nonlinear optical response. In two or higher-dimensional settings, this response is reduced since photons can be emitted within a larger phase space, opening the question whether strong photon-photon interaction can be still achieved. In this study, we positively answer this question for the case of a 2D square array of atoms coupled to the light confined into a two-dimensional waveguide. More specifically, we demonstrate the occurrence of long-lived two-photon repulsive and bound states with genuine 2D features. Furthermore, we observe signatures of these effects also in free-space atomic arrays in the form of weakly subradiant in-band scattering resonances. Our findings provide a paradigmatic signature of the presence of strong photon-photon interactions in 2D waveguide QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Tečer
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Silvi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calajó
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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3
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Parajuli P, Govindarajan A, Tian L. State preparation in a Jaynes-Cummings lattice with quantum optimal control. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19924. [PMID: 37963930 PMCID: PMC10645998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fidelity preparation of quantum states in an interacting many-body system is often hindered by the lack of knowledge of such states and by limited decoherence times. Here, we study a quantum optimal control (QOC) approach for fast generation of quantum ground states in a finite-sized Jaynes-Cummings lattice with unit filling. Our result shows that the QOC approach can generate quantum many-body states with high fidelity when the evolution time is above a threshold time, and it can significantly outperform the adiabatic approach. We study the dependence of the threshold time on the parameter constraints and the connection of the threshold time with the quantum speed limit. We also show that the QOC approach can be robust against control errors. Our result can lead to advances in the application of the QOC to many-body state preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Parajuli
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Anuvetha Govindarajan
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, 95343, USA.
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4
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Caleffi F, Capone M, Carusotto I. Collective Excitations of a Strongly Correlated Nonequilibrium Photon Fluid across the Insulator-Superfluid Phase Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:193604. [PMID: 38000432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.193604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We develop a Gutzwiller theory for the nonequilibrium steady states of a strongly interacting photon fluid driven by a non-Markovian incoherent pump. In particular, we explore the collective modes of the system across the out-of-equilibrium insulator-superfluid transition of the system, characterizing the diffusive Goldstone mode in the superfluid phase and the excitation of particles and holes in the insulating one. Observable features in the pump-and-probe optical response of the system are highlighted. Our predictions are experimentally accessible to state-of-the-art circuit-QED devices and open the way for the study of novel driven-dissipative many-body scenarios with no counterparts at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caleffi
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Capone
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Italy
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5
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Vivek G, Mondal D, Sinha S. Nonequilibrium dynamics of the Jaynes-Cummings dimer. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054116. [PMID: 38115501 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a Josephson-coupled Jaynes-Cummings dimer in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity, which can be realized in the cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics systems. The semiclassical dynamics is analyzed systematically to chart out a variety of photonic Josephson oscillations and their regime of stability. Different types of transitions between the dynamical states lead to the self-trapping phenomenon, which results in photon population imbalance between the two cavities. We also study the dynamics quantum mechanically to identify characteristic features of different steady states and to explore fascinating quantum effects, such as spin dephasing, phase fluctuation, and revival phenomena of the photon field, as well as the entanglement of spin qubits. For a particular "self-trapped" state, the mutual information between the atomic qubits exhibits a direct correlation with the photon population imbalance, which is promising for generating photon mediated entanglement between two non interacting qubits in a controlled manner. Under a sudden quench from stable to unstable regime, the photon distribution exhibits phase space mixing with a rapid loss of coherence, resembling a thermal state. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the new results in experiments, which can have applications in quantum information processing and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vivek
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, India
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, India
| | - S Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, India
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6
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Motazedifard A, Dalafi A, Naderi MH. Negative cavity photon spectral function in an optomechanical system with two parametrically-driven mechanical modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36615-36637. [PMID: 38017809 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experimentally feasible optomechanical scheme to realize a negative cavity photon spectral function (CPSF) which is equivalent to a negative absorption. The system under consideration is an optomechanical system consisting of two mechanical (phononic) modes which are linearly coupled to a common cavity mode via the radiation pressure while parametrically driven through the coherent time-modulation of their spring coefficients. Using the equations of motion for the cavity retarded Green's function obtained in the framework of the generalized linear response theory, we show that in the red-detuned and weak-coupling regimes a frequency-dependent effective cavity damping rate (ECDR) corresponding to a negative CPSF can be realized by controlling the cooperativities and modulation parameters while the system still remains in the stable regime. Nevertheless, such a negativity which acts as an optomechanical gain never occurs in a standard (an unmodulated bare) cavity optomechanical system. Besides, we find that the presence of two modulated mechanical degrees of freedom provides more controllability over the magnitude and bandwidth of the negativity of CPSF, in comparison to the setup with a single modulated mechanical oscillator. Interestingly, the introduced negativity may open a new platform to realize an extraordinary (modified) optomechanically induced transparency (in which the input signal is amplified in the output) leading to a perfect tunable optomechanical filter with switchable bandwidth which can be used as an optical transistor.
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7
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Saxena A, Manna A, Trivedi R, Majumdar A. Realizing tight-binding Hamiltonians using site-controlled coupled cavity arrays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5260. [PMID: 37644050 PMCID: PMC10465588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Analog quantum simulators rely on programmable and scalable quantum devices to emulate Hamiltonians describing various physical phenomenon. Photonic coupled cavity arrays are a promising alternative platform for realizing such simulators, due to their potential for scalability, small size, and high-temperature operability. However, programmability and nonlinearity in photonic cavities remain outstanding challenges. Here, using a silicon photonic coupled cavity array made up of [Formula: see text] high quality factor ([Formula: see text] up to[Formula: see text]) resonators and equipped with specially designed thermo-optic island heaters for independent control of cavities, we demonstrate a programmable photonic cavity array in the telecom regime, implementing tight-binding Hamiltonians with access to the full eigenenergy spectrum. We report a [Formula: see text] reduction in the thermal crosstalk between neighboring sites of the cavity array compared to traditional heaters, and then present a control scheme to program the cavity array to a given tight-binding Hamiltonian. The ability to independently program high-Q photonic cavities, along with the compatibility of silicon photonics to high volume manufacturing opens new opportunities for scalable quantum simulation using telecom regime infrared photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhi Saxena
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Arnab Manna
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rahul Trivedi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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8
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Mori T, Shirai T. Symmetrized Liouvillian Gap in Markovian Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:230404. [PMID: 37354419 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.230404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Markovian open quantum systems display complicated relaxation dynamics. The spectral gap of the Liouvillian characterizes the asymptotic decay rate toward the steady state, but it does not necessarily give a correct estimate of the relaxation time because the crossover time to the asymptotic regime may be too long. We here give a rigorous upper bound on the transient decay of autocorrelation functions in the steady state by introducing the symmetrized Liouvillian gap. The standard Liouvillian gap and the symmetrized one are identical in an equilibrium situation but differ from each other in the absence of the detailed balance condition. It is numerically shown that the symmetrized Liouvillian gap always gives a correct upper bound on the decay of the autocorrelation function, but the standard Liouvillian gap does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mori
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Shirai
- Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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9
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Pg S, Modak R, Aravinda S. Witnessing quantum chaos using observational entropy. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:064204. [PMID: 37464634 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.064204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We study observation entropy (OE) for the quantum kicked top model, whose classical counterpart possesses different phases: regular, mixed, or chaotic, depending on the strength of the kicking parameter. We show that OE grows logarithmically with coarse-graining length beyond a critical value in the regular phase, while OE growth is much faster in the chaotic regime. In the dynamics, we demonstrate that the short-time growth rate of OE acts as a measure of the chaoticity in the system, and we compare our results with out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC). Moreover, we show that in the deep quantum regime, the results obtained from OE are much more robust compared to OTOC results. Finally, we also investigate the long-time behavior of OE to distinguish between saddle-point scrambling and true chaos, where the former shows large persistent fluctuations compared to the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeram Pg
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ranjan Modak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati 517619, India
| | - S Aravinda
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati 517619, India
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10
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Tiranov A, Angelopoulou V, van Diepen CJ, Schrinski B, Sandberg OAD, Wang Y, Midolo L, Scholz S, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Sørensen AS, Lodahl P. Collective super- and subradiant dynamics between distant optical quantum emitters. Science 2023; 379:389-393. [PMID: 36701463 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Photon emission is the hallmark of light-matter interaction and the foundation of photonic quantum science, enabling advanced sources for quantum communication and computing. Although single-emitter radiation can be tailored by the photonic environment, the introduction of multiple emitters extends this picture. A fundamental challenge, however, is that the radiative dipole-dipole coupling rapidly decays with spatial separation, typically within a fraction of the optical wavelength. We realize distant dipole-dipole radiative coupling with pairs of solid-state optical quantum emitters embedded in a nanophotonic waveguide. We dynamically probe the collective response and identify both super- and subradiant emission as well as means to control the dynamics by proper excitation techniques. Our work constitutes a foundational step toward multiemitter applications for scalable quantum-information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tiranov
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vasiliki Angelopoulou
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Cornelis Jacobus van Diepen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Björn Schrinski
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sven Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß e 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Dirk Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß e 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß e 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anders Søndberg Sørensen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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11
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Fallas Padilla D, Pu H, Cheng GJ, Zhang YY. Understanding the Quantum Rabi Ring Using Analogies to Quantum Magnetism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:183602. [PMID: 36374667 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We map a quantum Rabi ring, consisting of N cavities arranged in a ring geometry, into an effective magnetic model containing the XY exchange and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions. The analog of the latter is induced by an artificial magnetic field, which modulates photon hopping between nearest-neighbor cavities with a phase. This mapping facilitates the description and understanding of the different phases in the quantum optical model through simple arguments of competing magnetic interactions. For the square geometry (N=4) the rich phase diagram exhibits three superradiant phases denoted as ferro-superradiant, antiferro-superradiant, and chiral superradiant. In particular, the DM interaction is responsible for the chiral phase in which the energetically degenerate configurations of the order parameters are similar to the in-plane magnetizations of skyrmions with different helicities. The antiferro-superradiant phase is suppressed in the triangle geometry (N=3) as geometric frustration contributes to stabilize the chiral phase even for small values of the DM interaction. The chiral phases for odd and even N show a different scaling behavior close to the phase transition. The equivalent behavior on both systems opens the possibility of simulating chiral magnetism in a few-body quantum optical platform, as well as understanding one system using the insights gained from the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fallas Padilla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
| | - Han Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
| | - Guo-Jing Cheng
- Department of Physics, and Chongqing Key Laboratory for strongly coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401330, China
| | - Yu-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physics, and Chongqing Key Laboratory for strongly coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401330, China
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12
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Zhang J, Chattaraj S, Huang Q, Jordao L, Lu S, Madhukar A. On-chip scalable highly pure and indistinguishable single-photon sources in ordered arrays: Path to quantum optical circuits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9252. [PMID: 36054351 PMCID: PMC10848962 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realization of quantum optical circuits is at the heart of quantum photonic information processing. A long-standing obstacle, however, has been the absence of a suitable platform of single photon sources (SPSs). Such SPSs need to be in spatially ordered arrays and produce, on-demand, highly pure, and indistinguishable single photons with sufficiently uniform emission characteristics to enable controlled interference between photons from distinct sources underpinning functional quantum optical networks. We report on such a platform of SPSs based on a unique class of epitaxial quantum dots dubbed mesa-top single quantum dot. Under resonant excitation, the spatially ordered SPSs (without Purcell enhancement) show single photon purity of >99% [g(2)(0) ~ 0.015], high two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibilities of 0.82 ± 0.03 (at 11.5 kelvin, without cavity), and spectral nonuniformity of <3 nanometers, within established locally tunable technology. Our platform of SPSs paves the path to creating on-chip scalable quantum photonic networks for communication, computation, simulation, sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Swarnabha Chattaraj
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qi Huang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lucas Jordao
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Siyuan Lu
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Anupam Madhukar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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13
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Mylnikov VY, Potashin SO, Sokolovskii GS, Averkiev NS. Dissipative Phase Transition in Systems with Two-Photon Drive and Nonlinear Dissipation near the Critical Point. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152543. [PMID: 35893511 PMCID: PMC9332203 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine dissipative phase transition (DPT) near the critical point for a system with two-photon driving and nonlinear dissipations. The proposed mean-field theory, which explicitly takes into account quantum fluctuations, allowed us to describe properly the evolutionary dynamics of the system and to demonstrate new effects in its steady-state. We show that the presence of quantum fluctuations leads to a power-law dependence of the anomalous average at the phase transition point, with which the critical exponent is associated. Also, we investigate the effect of the quantum fluctuations on the critical point renormalization and demonstrate the existence of a two-photon pump “threshold”. It is noteworthy that the obtained results are in a good agreement with the numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Yu. Mylnikov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.O.P.); (N.S.A.)
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.Y.M.); (G.S.S.)
| | | | - Grigorii S. Sokolovskii
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.O.P.); (N.S.A.)
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.Y.M.); (G.S.S.)
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14
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Electrically tunable quantum confinement of neutral excitons. Nature 2022; 606:298-304. [PMID: 35614215 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Confining particles to distances below their de Broglie wavelength discretizes their motional state. This fundamental effect is observed in many physical systems, ranging from electrons confined in atoms or quantum dots1,2 to ultracold atoms trapped in optical tweezers3,4. In solid-state photonics, a long-standing goal has been to achieve fully tunable quantum confinement of optically active electron-hole pairs, known as excitons. To confine excitons, existing approaches mainly rely on material modulation5, which suffers from poor control over the energy and position of trapping potentials. This has severely impeded the engineering of large-scale quantum photonic systems. Here we demonstrate electrically controlled quantum confinement of neutral excitons in 2D semiconductors. By combining gate-defined in-plane electric fields with inherent interactions between excitons and free charges in a lateral p-i-n junction, we achieve exciton confinement below 10 nm. Quantization of excitonic motion manifests in the measured optical response as a ladder of discrete voltage-dependent states below the continuum. Furthermore, we observe that our confining potentials lead to a strong modification of the relative wave function of excitons. Our technique provides an experimental route towards creating scalable arrays of identical single-photon sources and has wide-ranging implications for realizing strongly correlated photonic phases6,7 and on-chip optical quantum information processors8,9.
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15
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Zhu Q, Sun ZH, Gong M, Chen F, Zhang YR, Wu Y, Ye Y, Zha C, Li S, Guo S, Qian H, Huang HL, Yu J, Deng H, Rong H, Lin J, Xu Y, Sun L, Guo C, Li N, Liang F, Peng CZ, Fan H, Zhu X, Pan JW. Observation of Thermalization and Information Scrambling in a Superconducting Quantum Processor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:160502. [PMID: 35522497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding various phenomena in nonequilibrium dynamics of closed quantum many-body systems, such as quantum thermalization, information scrambling, and nonergodic dynamics, is crucial for modern physics. Using a ladder-type superconducting quantum processor, we perform analog quantum simulations of both the XX-ladder model and the one-dimensional XX model. By measuring the dynamics of local observables, entanglement entropy, and tripartite mutual information, we signal quantum thermalization and information scrambling in the XX ladder. In contrast, we show that the XX chain, as free fermions on a one-dimensional lattice, fails to thermalize to the Gibbs ensemble, and local information does not scramble in the integrable channel. Our experiments reveal ergodicity and scrambling in the controllable qubit ladder, and open the door to further investigations on the thermodynamics and chaos in quantum many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Zheng-Hang Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yulin Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yangsen Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Chen Zha
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Haoran Qian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - He-Liang Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jiale Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Rong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Na Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Futian Liang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- CAS Center for Excellent in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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16
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Luo D, Chen Z, Carrasquilla J, Clark BK. Autoregressive Neural Network for Simulating Open Quantum Systems via a Probabilistic Formulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:090501. [PMID: 35302809 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The theory of open quantum systems lays the foundation for a substantial part of modern research in quantum science and engineering. Rooted in the dimensionality of their extended Hilbert spaces, the high computational complexity of simulating open quantum systems calls for the development of strategies to approximate their dynamics. In this Letter, we present an approach for tackling open quantum system dynamics. Using an exact probabilistic formulation of quantum physics based on positive operator-valued measure, we compactly represent quantum states with autoregressive neural networks; such networks bring significant algorithmic flexibility due to efficient exact sampling and tractable density. We further introduce the concept of string states to partially restore the symmetry of the autoregressive neural network and improve the description of local correlations. Efficient algorithms have been developed to simulate the dynamics of the Liouvillian superoperator using a forward-backward trapezoid method and find the steady state via a variational formulation. Our approach is benchmarked on prototypical one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems, finding results which closely track the exact solution and achieve higher accuracy than alternative approaches based on using Markov chain Monte Carlo method to sample restricted Boltzmann machines. Our Letter provides general methods for understanding quantum dynamics in various contexts, as well as techniques for solving high-dimensional probabilistic differential equations in classical setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Luo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- IQUIST and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Juan Carrasquilla
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1,Canada
| | - Bryan K Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- IQUIST and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- NCSA Center for Artificial Intelligence Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
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17
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Garbin B, Giraldo A, Peters KJH, Broderick NGR, Spakman A, Raineri F, Levenson A, Rodriguez SRK, Krauskopf B, Yacomotti AM. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in a Coherently Driven Nanophotonic Bose-Hubbard Dimer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:053901. [PMID: 35179911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.053901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental observation of spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SSB) in coherently driven-dissipative coupled optical cavities. SSB is observed as the breaking of the spatial or mirror Z_{2} symmetry between two symmetrically pumped and evanescently coupled photonic crystal nanocavities, and manifests itself as random intensity localization in one of the two cavities. We show that, in a system featuring repulsive boson interactions (U>0), the observation of a pure pitchfork bifurcation requires negative photon hopping energies (J<0), which we have realized in our photonic crystal molecule. SSB is observed over a wide range of the two-dimensional parameter space of driving intensity and detuning, where we also find a region that exhibits bistable symmetric behavior. Our results pave the way for the experimental study of limit cycles and deterministic chaos arising from SSB, as well as the study of nonclassical photon correlations close to SSB transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Garbin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Giraldo
- Department of Mathematics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Photon Factory, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - K J H Peters
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N G R Broderick
- Photon Factory, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Physics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - A Spakman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Raineri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice, CNRS-UMR 7010, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - A Levenson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - S R K Rodriguez
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Krauskopf
- Department of Mathematics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - A M Yacomotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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18
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Han S, Qin C, Song Y, Dong S, Lei Y, Wang S, Su X, Wei A, Li X, Zhang G, Chen R, Hu J, Xiao L, Jia S. Photostable fluorescent molecules on layered hexagonal boron nitride: Ideal single-photon sources at room temperature. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244301. [PMID: 34972379 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoblinking and photobleaching are commonly encountered problems for single-photon sources. Numerous methods have been devised to suppress these two impediments; however, either the preparation procedures or the operating conditions are relatively harsh, making them difficult to apply to practical applications. Here, we reported giant suppression of both photoblinking and photobleaching of a single fluorescent molecule, terrylene, via the utilization of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes as substrates. Experimentally, a much-prolonged survival time of terrylene has been determined, which can have a photostable emission over 2 h at room temperature under ambient atmospheres. Compared with single molecules on a SiO2/Si substrate or glass coverslip, a more than 100-fold increase in the total number of photons collected from each terrylene on h-BN flakes has been demonstrated. We also proved that the photostability of terrylene molecules can be well maintained for more than 6 months even under ambient conditions without any further protection. Our results demonstrate that the utilization of h-BN flakes to suppress photoblinking and photobleaching of fluorescent molecules has promising applications in the production of high-quality single-photon sources at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chengbing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yunrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yu Lei
- College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Shen Wang
- College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xingliang Su
- College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Aoni Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ruiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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19
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Wang Y, Verstraelen W, Zhang B, Liew TCH, Chong YD. Giant Enhancement of Unconventional Photon Blockade in a Dimer Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:240402. [PMID: 34951803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional photon blockade refers to the suppression of multiphoton states in weakly nonlinear optical resonators via the destructive interference of different excitation pathways. It has been studied in a pair of coupled nonlinear resonators and other few-mode systems. Here, we show that unconventional photon blockade can be greatly enhanced in a chain of coupled resonators. The strength of the nonlinearity in each resonator needed to achieve unconventional photon blockade is suppressed exponentially with lattice size. The analytic derivation, based on a weak drive approximation, is validated by wave function Monte Carlo simulations. These findings show that customized lattices of coupled resonators can be powerful tools for controlling multiphoton quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - W Verstraelen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Y D Chong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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20
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Zhang YY, Hu ZX, Fu L, Luo HG, Pu H, Zhang XF. Quantum Phases in a Quantum Rabi Triangle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:063602. [PMID: 34420322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of interactions, symmetries, and gauge fields usually leads to intriguing quantum many-body phases. To explore the nature of emerging phases, we study a quantum Rabi triangle system as an elementary building block for synthesizing an artificial magnetic field. We develop an analytical approach to study the rich phase diagram and the associated quantum criticality. Of particular interest is the emergence of a chiral-coherent phase, which breaks both the Z_{2} and the chiral symmetry. In this chiral phase, photons flow unidirectionally and the chirality can be tuned by the artificial gauge field, exhibiting a signature of broken time-reversal symmetry. The finite-frequency scaling analysis further confirms the associated phase transition to be in the universality class of the Dicke model. This model can simulate a broad range of physical phenomena of light-matter coupling systems, and may have an application in future developments of various quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401330, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for strongly coupled Physics, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Hu
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401330, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for strongly coupled Physics, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Libin Fu
- Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Gang Luo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401330, China
- Department of Physics, and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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21
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A Versatile Quantum Simulator for Coupled Oscillators Using a 1D Chain of Atoms Trapped near an Optical Nanofiber. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8060228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transversely confined propagating light modes of a nanophotonic optical waveguide or nanofiber can effectively mediate infinite-range forces. We show that for a linear chain of particles trapped within the waveguide’s evanescent field, transverse illumination with a suitable set of laser frequencies should allow the implementation of a coupled-oscillator quantum simulator with time-dependent and widely controllable all-to-all interactions. Using the example of the energy spectrum of oscillators with simulated Coulomb interactions, we show that different effective coupling geometries can be emulated with high precision by proper choice of laser illumination conditions. Similarly, basic quantum gates can be selectively implemented between arbitrarily chosen pairs of oscillators in the energy as well as in the coherent-state basis. Key properties of the system dynamics and states can be monitored continuously by analysis of the out-coupled fiber fields.
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22
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Poshakinskiy AV, Zhong J, Poddubny AN. Quantum Chaos Driven by Long-Range Waveguide-Mediated Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:203602. [PMID: 34110198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically quantum states of a pair of photons interacting with a finite periodic array of two-level atoms in a waveguide. Our calculation reveals two-polariton eigenstates that have a highly irregular wave function in real space. This indicates the Bethe ansatz breakdown and the onset of quantum chaos, in stark contrast to the conventional integrable problem of two interacting bosons in a box. We identify the long-range waveguide-mediated coupling between the atoms as the key ingredient of chaos and nonintegrability. Our results provide new insights in the interplay between order, chaos, and localization in many-body quantum systems and can be tested in state-of-the-art setups of waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Zhong
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alexander N Poddubny
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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23
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Yuan D, Wang HR, Wang Z, Deng DL. Solving the Liouvillian Gap with Artificial Neural Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:160401. [PMID: 33961454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a machine-learning inspired variational method to obtain the Liouvillian gap, which plays a crucial role in characterizing the relaxation time and dissipative phase transitions of open quantum systems. By using "spin bi-base mapping," we map the density matrix to a pure restricted-Boltzmann-machine (RBM) state and transform the Liouvillian superoperator to a rank-two non-Hermitian operator. The Liouvillian gap can be obtained by a variational real-time evolution algorithm under this non-Hermitian operator. We apply our method to the dissipative Heisenberg model in both one and two dimensions. For the isotropic case, we find that the Liouvillian gap can be analytically obtained and in one dimension even the whole Liouvillian spectrum can be exactly solved using the Bethe ansatz method. By comparing our numerical results with their analytical counterparts, we show that the Liouvillian gap could be accessed by the RBM approach efficiently to a desirable accuracy, regardless of the dimensionality and entanglement properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yuan
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ran Wang
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ling Deng
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
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24
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Malz D, Smith A. Topological Two-Dimensional Floquet Lattice on a Single Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:163602. [PMID: 33961450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices constitute powerful platforms for analog quantum simulation. The exquisite level of control offered by state-of-the-art quantum computers make them especially promising to implement time-dependent Hamiltonians. We implement quasiperiodic driving of a single qubit in the IBM Quantum Experience and thus experimentally realize a temporal version of the half-Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang Chern insulator. Using simple error mitigation, we achieve consistently high fidelities of around 97%. From our data we can infer the presence of a topological transition, thus realizing an earlier proposal of topological frequency conversion by Martin, Refael, and Halperin. Motivated by these results, we theoretically study the many-qubit case, and show that one can implement a wide class of Floquet Hamiltonians, or time-dependent Hamiltonians in general. Our study highlights promises and limitations when studying many-body systems through multifrequency driving of quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malz
- Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstraße 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Adam Smith
- Department of Physics, TFK, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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25
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Stepanov P, Vashisht A, Klaas M, Lundt N, Tongay S, Blei M, Höfling S, Volz T, Minguzzi A, Renard J, Schneider C, Richard M. Exciton-Exciton Interaction beyond the Hydrogenic Picture in a MoSe_{2} Monolayer in the Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:167401. [PMID: 33961461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In transition metal dichalcogenides' layers of atomic-scale thickness, the electron-hole Coulomb interaction potential is strongly influenced by the sharp discontinuity of the dielectric function across the layer plane. This feature results in peculiar nonhydrogenic excitonic states in which exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities are predicted to be enhanced compared to their hydrogenic counterparts. To demonstrate this enhancement, we perform optical transmission spectroscopy of a MoSe_{2} monolayer placed in the strong coupling regime with the mode of an optical microcavity and analyze the results quantitatively with a nonlinear input-output theory. We find an enhancement of both the exciton-exciton interaction and of the excitonic fermionic saturation with respect to realistic values expected in the hydrogenic picture. Such results demonstrate that unconventional excitons in MoSe_{2} are highly favorable for the implementation of large exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities, potentially working up to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stepanov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Amit Vashisht
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Klaas
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Lundt
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mark Blei
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Renard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Maxime Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Collodo MC, Herrmann J, Lacroix N, Andersen CK, Remm A, Lazar S, Besse JC, Walter T, Wallraff A, Eichler C. Implementation of Conditional Phase Gates Based on Tunable ZZ Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:240502. [PMID: 33412023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.240502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High fidelity two-qubit gates exhibiting low cross talk are essential building blocks for gate-based quantum information processing. In superconducting circuits, two-qubit gates are typically based either on rf-controlled interactions or on the in situ tunability of qubit frequencies. Here, we present an alternative approach using a tunable cross-Kerr-type ZZ interaction between two qubits, which we realize with a flux-tunable coupler element. We control the ZZ-coupling rate over 3 orders of magnitude to perform a rapid (38 ns), high-contrast, low leakage (0.14±0.24%) conditional phase CZ gate with a fidelity of 97.9±0.7% as measured in interleaved randomized benchmarking without relying on the resonant interaction with a noncomputational state. Furthermore, by exploiting the direct nature of the ZZ coupling, we easily access the entire conditional phase gate family by adjusting only a single control parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Lacroix
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ants Remm
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Lazar
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Theo Walter
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wallraff
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Lieu S, Belyansky R, Young JT, Lundgren R, Albert VV, Gorshkov AV. Symmetry Breaking and Error Correction in Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:240405. [PMID: 33412027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.240405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking transitions are a well-understood phenomenon of closed quantum systems in quantum optics, condensed matter, and high energy physics. However, symmetry breaking in open systems is less thoroughly understood, in part due to the richer steady-state and symmetry structure that such systems possess. For the prototypical open system-a Lindbladian-a unitary symmetry can be imposed in a "weak" or a "strong" way. We characterize the possible Z_{n} symmetry-breaking transitions for both cases. In the case of Z_{2}, a weak-symmetry-broken phase guarantees at most a classical bit steady-state structure, while a strong-symmetry-broken phase admits a partially protected steady-state qubit. Viewing photonic cat qubits through the lens of strong-symmetry breaking, we show how to dynamically recover the logical information after any gap-preserving strong-symmetric error; such recovery becomes perfect exponentially quickly in the number of photons. Our study forges a connection between driven-dissipative phase transitions and error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lieu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jeremy T Young
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Rex Lundgren
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Victor V Albert
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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He Y, Ji L, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhao J, Ma Y, Huang X, Wu S, Chang DE. Geometric Control of Collective Spontaneous Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:213602. [PMID: 33275003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dipole spin-wave states of atomic ensembles with wave vector k(ω) mismatched from the dispersion relation of light are difficult to access by far-field excitation but may support rich phenomena beyond the traditional phase-matched scenario in quantum optics. We propose and demonstrate an optical technique to efficiently access these states. In particular, subnanosecond laser pulses shaped by a home-developed wideband modulation method are applied to shift the spin wave in k space with state-dependent geometric phase patterning, in an error-resilient fashion and on timescales much faster than spontaneous emission. We verify this control through the redirection, switch off, and recall of collectively enhanced emission from a ^{87}Rb gas with ∼75% single-step efficiency. Our work represents a first step toward efficient control of electric dipole spin waves for studying many-body dissipative dynamics of excited gases, as well as for numerous quantum optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizun He
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingjing Ji
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyang Qiu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudi Ma
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saijun Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Lang J, Chang D, Piazza F. Interaction-Induced Transparency for Strong-Coupling Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:133604. [PMID: 33034488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of light in strongly coupled atomic media takes place through the formation of polaritons-hybrid quasiparticles resulting from a superposition of an atomic and a photonic excitation. Here we consider the propagation under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency and show that a novel many-body phenomenon can appear due to strong, dissipative interactions between the polaritons. Upon increasing the photon-pump strength, we find a first-order transition between an opaque phase with strongly broadened polaritons and a transparent phase where a long-lived polariton branch with highly tunable occupation emerges. Across this nonequilibrium phase transition, the transparency window is reconstructed via nonlinear interference effects induced by the dissipative polariton interactions. Our predictions are based on a systematic diagrammatic expansion of the nonequilibrium Dyson equations which can be controlled, even in the nonperturbative regime of large single-atom cooperativities, provided the polariton interactions are sufficiently long-ranged. Such a regime can be reached in photonic crystal waveguides thanks to the tunability of interactions, allowing us to observe the interaction-induced transparency transition even at low polariton densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lang
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Darrick Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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30
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A subradiant optical mirror formed by a single structured atomic layer. Nature 2020; 583:369-374. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Nguyen DT, Nguyen TA, Khrapko R, Nolan DA, Borrelli NF. Quantum Walks in Periodic and Quasiperiodic Fibonacci Fibers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7156. [PMID: 32346020 PMCID: PMC7188900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum walk is a key operation in quantum computing, simulation, communication and information. Here, we report for the first time the demonstration of quantum walks and localized quantum walks in a new type of optical fibers having a ring of cores constructed with both periodic and quasiperiodic Fibonacci sequences, respectively. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results has been achieved. The new multicore ring fibers provide a new platform for experiments of quantum effects in low-loss optical fibers which is critical for scalability of real applications with large-size problems. Furthermore, our new quasiperiodic Fibonacci multicore ring fibers provide a new class of quasiperiodic photonics lattices possessing both on- and off-diagonal deterministic disorders for realizing localized quantum walks deterministically. The proposed Fibonacci fibers are simple and straightforward to fabricate and have a rich set of properties that are of potential use for quantum applications. Our simulation and experimental results show that, in contrast with randomly disordered structures, localized quantum walks in new proposed quasiperiodic photonics lattices are highly controllable due to the deterministic disordered nature of quasiperiodic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan T Nguyen
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, NY, 14831, USA.
| | - Thien An Nguyen
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | - Rostislav Khrapko
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | - Daniel A Nolan
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | - Nicholas F Borrelli
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
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32
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Geng Z, Peters KJH, Trichet AAP, Malmir K, Kolkowski R, Smith JM, Rodriguez SRK. Universal Scaling in the Dynamic Hysteresis, and Non-Markovian Dynamics, of a Tunable Optical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:153603. [PMID: 32357047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.153603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate, experimentally and theoretically, the dynamics of a laser-driven cavity with noninstantaneous effective photon-photon interactions. Scanning the laser-cavity frequency detuning at different speeds across an optical bistability, we find a hysteresis area that is a nonmonotonic function of the speed. In the limit of fast scans comparable to the memory time of the interactions, we demonstrate that the hysteresis area decays following a universal power law with scaling exponent -1. We further demonstrate a regime of non-Markovian dynamics emerging from white noise. This regime is evidenced by peaked distributions of residence times in the metastable states of our system. Our results offer new perspectives for exploring the physics of scaling, universality, and metastability, in non-Markovian regimes using arrays of bistable optical cavities with low quality factors, driven by low laser powers, and at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Geng
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K J H Peters
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A A P Trichet
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - K Malmir
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - R Kolkowski
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J M Smith
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - S R K Rodriguez
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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33
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Weinberg P, Tylutki M, Rönkkö JM, Westerholm J, Åström JA, Manninen P, Törmä P, Sandvik AW. Scaling and Diabatic Effects in Quantum Annealing with a D-Wave Device. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:090502. [PMID: 32202854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We discuss quantum annealing of the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model on a D-Wave device, encoded on L×L lattices with L≤32. Analyzing the residual energy and deviation from maximal magnetization in the final classical state, we find an optimal L dependent annealing rate v for which the two quantities are minimized. The results are well described by a phenomenological model with two powers of v and L-dependent prefactors to describe the competing effects of reduced quantum fluctuations (for which we see evidence of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism) and increasing noise impact when v is lowered. The same scaling form also describes results of numerical solutions of a transverse-field Ising model with the spins coupled to noise sources. We explain why the optimal annealing time is much longer than the coherence time of the individual qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Weinberg
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Marek Tylutki
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Ulica Koszykowa 75, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jami M Rönkkö
- CSC-IT Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, FIN-02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jan Westerholm
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Vattenborgsvägen 3, FI 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Jan A Åström
- CSC-IT Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, FIN-02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Pekka Manninen
- CSC-IT Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, FIN-02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Päivi Törmä
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Anders W Sandvik
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Peters T, Wang TP, Neumann A, Simeonov LS, Halfmann T. Single-photon-level narrowband memory in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5340-5354. [PMID: 32121757 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An experimental platform operating at the level of individual quanta and providing strong light-matter coupling is a key requirement for quantum information processing. In our work, we show that hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers filled with laser-cooled atoms might serve as such a platform, despite their typical complicated birefringence properties. To this end, we present a detailed theoretical and experimental study to identify a fiber with suitable properties to achieve operation at the single-photon level. In the fiber, we demonstrate the storage and on-demand retrieval as well as the creation of stationary light pulses, based on electromagnetically induced transparency, for weak coherent light pulses down to the single-photon level with an unconditional noise floor of 0.017(4) photons per pulse. These results clearly demonstrate the prospects of such a fiber-based platform for applications in quantum information networks.
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35
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Landa H, Schiró M, Misguich G. Multistability of Driven-Dissipative Quantum Spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043601. [PMID: 32058770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of lattice models of quantum spins one-half, driven by a coherent drive and subject to dissipation. Generically the mean-field limit of these models manifests multistable parameter regions of coexisting steady states with different magnetizations. We introduce an efficient scheme accounting for the corrections to mean field by correlations at leading order, and benchmark this scheme using high-precision numerics based on matrix-product operators in one- and two-dimensional lattices. Correlations are shown to wash the mean-field bistability in dimension one, leading to a unique steady state. In dimension two and higher, we find that multistability is again possible, provided the thermodynamic limit of an infinitely large lattice is taken first with respect to the longtime limit. Variation of the system parameters results in jumps between the different steady states, each showing a critical slowing down in the convergence of perturbations towards the steady state. Experiments with trapped ions can realize the model and possibly answer open questions in the nonequilibrium many-body dynamics of these quantum systems, beyond the system sizes accessible to present numerics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haggai Landa
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marco Schiró
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Grégoire Misguich
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise, France
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36
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Dutta S, Cooper NR. Critical Response of a Quantum van der Pol Oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:250401. [PMID: 31922802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.250401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Classical dynamical systems close to a critical point are known to act as efficient sensors due to a strongly nonlinear response. We explore such systems in the quantum regime by modeling a quantum version of a driven van der Pol oscillator. We find the classical response survives down to one excitation quantum. At very weak drives, genuine quantum features arise, including diverging and negative susceptibilities. Further, the linear response is greatly enhanced by using a strong incoherent pump. These results are largely generic and can be probed in current experimental platforms suited for quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel R Cooper
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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37
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Joo J, Lee CW, Kono S, Kim J. Logical measurement-based quantum computation in circuit-QED. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16592. [PMID: 31719588 PMCID: PMC6851091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new scheme of measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) using an error-correcting code against photon-loss in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We describe a specific protocol of logical single-qubit gates given by sequential cavity measurements for logical MBQC and a generalised Schrödinger cat state is used for a continuous-variable (CV) logical qubit captured in a microwave cavity. To apply an error-correcting scheme on the logical qubit, we utilise a d-dimensional quantum system called a qudit. It is assumed that a three CV-qudit entangled state is initially prepared in three jointed cavities and the microwave qudit states are individually controlled, operated, and measured through a readout resonator coupled with an ancillary superconducting qubit. We then examine a practical approach of how to create the CV-qudit cluster state via a cross-Kerr interaction induced by intermediary superconducting qubits between neighbouring cavities under the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. This approach could be scalable for building 2D logical cluster states and therefore will pave a new pathway of logical MBQC in superconducting circuits toward fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Joo
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, 02455, Korea.
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, 02455, Korea
- Department of Physics Education, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea
| | - Shingo Kono
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Jaewan Kim
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, 02455, Korea
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38
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Heugel TL, Biondi M, Zilberberg O, Chitra R. Quantum Transducer Using a Parametric Driven-Dissipative Phase Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:173601. [PMID: 31702226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study a dissipative Kerr resonator subject to both single- and two-photon detuned drives. Beyond a critical detuning threshold, the Kerr resonator exhibits a semiclassical first-order dissipative phase transition between two different steady states that are characterized by a π phase switch of the cavity field. This transition is shown to persist deep into the quantum limit of low photon numbers. Remarkably, the detuning frequency at which this transition occurs depends almost linearly on the amplitude of the single-photon drive. Based on this phase-switching feature, we devise a sensitive quantum transducer that translates the observed frequency of the parametric quantum phase transition to the detected single-photon amplitude signal. The effects of noise and temperature on the corresponding sensing protocol are addressed, and a realistic circuit-QED implementation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni L Heugel
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Biondi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oded Zilberberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Chitra
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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Majhi J, Ghosh S, Maiti SK. Relativistic Anyon Beam: Construction and Properties. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:164801. [PMID: 31702367 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent interest in photon and electron vortex beams, we propose the construction of a relativistic anyon beam. Following Jackiw and Nair [R. Jackiw and V. P. Nair, Phys. Rev. D 43, 1933 (1991).PRVDAQ0556-282110.1103/PhysRevD.43.1933] we derive an explicit form of the relativistic plane wave solution of a single anyon. Subsequently we construct the planar anyon beam by superposing these solutions. Explicit expressions for the conserved anyon current are derived. Finally, we provide expressions for the anyon beam current using the superposed waves and discuss its properties. We also comment on the possibility of laboratory construction of an anyon beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Majhi
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 108, India
| | - Subir Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 108, India
| | - Santanu K Maiti
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 108, India
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40
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Cian ZP, Zhu G, Chu SK, Seif A, DeGottardi W, Jiang L, Hafezi M. Photon Pair Condensation by Engineered Dissipation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:063602. [PMID: 31491141 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation can usually induce detrimental decoherence in a quantum system. However, engineered dissipation can be used to prepare and stabilize coherent quantum many-body states. Here, we show that, by engineering dissipators containing photon pair operators, one can stabilize an exotic dark state, which is a condensate of photon pairs with a phase-nematic order. In this system, the usual superfluid order parameter, i.e., single-photon correlation, is absent, while the photon pair correlation exhibits long-range order. Although the dark state is not unique due to multiple parity sectors, we devise an additional type of dissipators to stabilize the dark state in a particular parity sector via a diffusive annihilation process which obeys Glauber dynamics in an Ising model. Furthermore, we propose an implementation of these photon pair dissipators in circuit-QED architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Pei Cian
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Su-Kuan Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alireza Seif
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Wade DeGottardi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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41
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Vicentini F, Biella A, Regnault N, Ciuti C. Variational Neural-Network Ansatz for Steady States in Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:250503. [PMID: 31347877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.250503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a general variational approach to determine the steady state of open quantum lattice systems via a neural-network approach. The steady-state density matrix of the lattice system is constructed via a purified neural-network Ansatz in an extended Hilbert space with ancillary degrees of freedom. The variational minimization of cost functions associated to the master equation can be performed using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. As a first application and proof of principle, we apply the method to the dissipative quantum transverse Ising model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vicentini
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Biella
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Regnault
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Cristiano Ciuti
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
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42
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Nagy A, Savona V. Variational Quantum Monte Carlo Method with a Neural-Network Ansatz for Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:250501. [PMID: 31347886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.250501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to simulate the properties of many-body open quantum systems with a large number of degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) is the premise to the solution of several outstanding problems in quantum science and quantum information. The challenge posed by this task lies in the complexity of the density matrix increasing exponentially with the system size. Here, we develop a variational method to efficiently simulate the nonequilibrium steady state of Markovian open quantum systems based on variational Monte Carlo methods and on a neural network representation of the density matrix. Thanks to the stochastic reconfiguration scheme, the application of the variational principle is translated into the actual integration of the quantum master equation. We test the effectiveness of the method by modeling the two-dimensional dissipative XYZ spin model on a lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nagy
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Savona
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Zhang YX, Mølmer K. Theory of Subradiant States of a One-Dimensional Two-Level Atom Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203605. [PMID: 31172781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the subradiant states of one-dimensional two-level atom chains coupled to light modes were found to have decay rates obeying a universal scaling, and an unexpected fermionic character of the multiply excited subradiant states was discovered. In this Letter, we theoretically obtain the singly excited subradiant states, and by eliminating the superradiant modes, we demonstrate a relation between the multiply excited subradiant states and the Tonks-Girardeau limit of the Lieb-Liniger model which explains the fermionic behavior. In addition, we identify a new family of subradiant states with correlations different from the fermionic ansatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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44
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Collodo MC, Potočnik A, Gasparinetti S, Besse JC, Pechal M, Sameti M, Hartmann MJ, Wallraff A, Eichler C. Observation of the Crossover from Photon Ordering to Delocalization in Tunably Coupled Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:183601. [PMID: 31144878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Networks of nonlinear resonators offer intriguing perspectives as quantum simulators for nonequilibrium many-body phases of driven-dissipative systems. Here, we employ photon correlation measurements to study the radiation fields emitted from a system of two superconducting resonators in a driven-dissipative regime, coupled nonlinearly by a superconducting quantum interference device, with cross-Kerr interactions dominating over on-site Kerr interactions. We apply a parametrically modulated magnetic flux to control the linear photon hopping rate between the two resonators and its ratio with the cross-Kerr rate. When increasing the hopping rate, we observe a crossover from an ordered to a delocalized state of photons. The presented coupling scheme is intrinsically robust to frequency disorder and may therefore prove useful for realizing larger-scale resonator arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Potočnik
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marek Pechal
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahdi Sameti
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Hartmann
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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45
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You JB, Yang WL, Chen G, Xu ZY, Wu L, Png CE, Feng M. Optical signatures of Mott-superfluid transition in nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to photonic crystal cavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2081-2084. [PMID: 30985816 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Detecting optical signatures of quantum phase transitions (QPT) in driven-dissipative systems constitutes a new frontier for many-body physics. Here we propose a practical idea to characterize the extensively studied phenomenon of photonic QPT, based on a many-body system composed of nitrogen-vacancy centers embedded individually in photonic crystal cavities, by detecting the critical behaviors of mean photon number, photon fluctuation, photon correlation, and emitted spectrum. Our results bridge these observables to the distinct optical signatures in different quantum phases and serve as good indicators and invaluable tools for studying dynamical properties of dissipative QPT.
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46
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Zhang XHH, Baranger HU. Heralded Bell State of Dissipative Qubits Using Classical Light in a Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:140502. [PMID: 31050491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Maximally entangled two-qubit states (Bell states) are of central importance in quantum technologies. We show that heralded generation of a maximally entangled state of two intrinsically open qubits can be realized in a one-dimensional (1D) system through strong coherent driving and continuous monitoring. In contrast to the natural idea that dissipation leads to decoherence and so destroys quantum effects, continuous measurement and strong interference in our 1D system generate a pure state with perfect quantum correlation between the two open qubits. Though the steady state is a trivial product state that has zero coherence or concurrence, we show that, with carefully tuned parameters, a Bell state can be generated in the system's quantum jump trajectories, heralded by a reflected photon. Surprisingly, this maximally entangled state survives the strong coherent state input-a classical state that overwhelms the system. This simple method to generate maximally entangled states using classical coherent light and photon detection may, since our qubits are in a 1D continuum, find application as a building block of quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin H H Zhang
- Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - Harold U Baranger
- Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
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47
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Kim ME, Chang TH, Fields BM, Chen CA, Hung CL. Trapping single atoms on a nanophotonic circuit with configurable tweezer lattices. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1647. [PMID: 30967571 PMCID: PMC6456496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trapped atoms near nanophotonics form an exciting platform for bottom-up synthesis of strongly interacting quantum matter. The ability to induce tunable long-range atom-atom interactions with photons presents an opportunity to explore many-body physics and quantum optics. Here we implement a configurable optical tweezer array over a planar photonic circuit tailored for cold atom integration and control for trapping and high-fidelity imaging of one or more atoms in an array directly on a photonic structure. Using an optical conveyor belt formed by a moving optical lattice within a tweezer potential, we show that single atoms can be transported from a reservoir into close proximity of a photonic interface, potentially allowing for the synthesis of a defect-free atom-nanophotonic hybrid lattice. Our experimental platform can be integrated with generic planar photonic waveguides and resonators, promising a pathway towards on-chip many-body quantum optics and applications in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- May E Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Tzu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brian M Fields
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Cheng-An Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chen-Lung Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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48
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Rota R, Minganti F, Ciuti C, Savona V. Quantum Critical Regime in a Quadratically Driven Nonlinear Photonic Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:110405. [PMID: 30951358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study an array of coupled optical cavities in the presence of two-photon driving and dissipation. The system displays a critical behavior similar to that of a quantum Ising model at finite temperature. Using the corner-space renormalization method, we compute the steady-state properties of finite lattices of varying size, both in one and two dimensions. From a finite-size scaling of the average of the photon number parity, we highlight the emergence of a critical point in regimes of small dissipations, belonging to the quantum Ising universality class. For increasing photon loss rates, a departure from this universal behavior signals the onset of a quantum critical regime, where classical fluctuations induced by losses compete with long-range quantum correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rota
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Minganti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Cristiano Ciuti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Savona
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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49
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Muñoz-Matutano G, Wood A, Johnsson M, Vidal X, Baragiola BQ, Reinhard A, Lemaître A, Bloch J, Amo A, Nogues G, Besga B, Richard M, Volz T. Emergence of quantum correlations from interacting fibre-cavity polaritons. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:213-218. [PMID: 30783231 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities have revealed themselves as one of the richest realizations of a light-based quantum fluid1, subject to fascinating new physics and potential applications2-6. For instance, in the regime of large two-body interactions, polaritons can be used to manipulate the quantum properties of a light field7-9. In this work, we report on the emergence of quantum correlations in laser light transmitted through a fibre-cavity polariton system. We observe a dispersive shape of the autocorrelation function around the polariton resonance that indicates the onset of this regime. The weak amplitude of these correlations indicates a state that still remains far from a low-photon-number state. Nonetheless, given the underlying physical mechanism7, our work opens up the prospect of eventually using polaritons to turn laser light into single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Muñoz-Matutano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Andrew Wood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mattias Johnsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xavier Vidal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben Q Baragiola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Reinhard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS (C2N), Universities Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jacqueline Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS (C2N), Universities Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alberto Amo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523, PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Lille, France
| | - Gilles Nogues
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Besga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Richard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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50
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Ma R, Saxberg B, Owens C, Leung N, Lu Y, Simon J, Schuster DI. A dissipatively stabilized Mott insulator of photons. Nature 2019; 566:51-57. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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