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Dopilka A, Bobev S, Chan CK. Electrochemical Flux Synthesis of Type-I Na 8Si 46 Clathrates: Particle Size Control Using a Solid or Molten Na-Sn Mass Transport Mediator. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:565-573. [PMID: 36548472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-filled silicon clathrates have a host of interesting properties for thermoelectric, photovoltaic, and battery applications. However, the metastability of the clathrates has made it difficult to synthesize them with the desired morphology and crystallite size. Herein, we demonstrate an electrochemical method whereby Na4Si4 dissolved in a Sn-based flux is converted to the Na8Si46 type-I clathrate using galvanostatic (constant current) oxidation. The temperature has a large influence on the products, with the reactions at 485 °C resulting in clathrates with small particle sizes (1-2 μm), while larger single crystals are obtained at 538 °C. The difference in microstructure is attributed to the solid vs liquid state of the Na-Sn phase at the reaction temperature, which is supported by the observed voltage profiles. The demonstrated method is promising for the tunable growth of Si clathrates and could be applicable to a broad range of intermetallic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dopilka
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona85827, United States
| | - Svilen Bobev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Candace K Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona85827, United States
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Kim H, Boysen DA, Newhouse JM, Spatocco BL, Chung B, Burke PJ, Bradwell DJ, Jiang K, Tomaszowska AA, Wang K, Wei W, Ortiz LA, Barriga SA, Poizeau SM, Sadoway DR. Liquid Metal Batteries: Past, Present, and Future. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300205k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojong Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Dane A. Boysen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Jocelyn M. Newhouse
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Brian L. Spatocco
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Brice Chung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Paul J. Burke
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - David J. Bradwell
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Alina A. Tomaszowska
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Kangli Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Weifeng Wei
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Salvador A. Barriga
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Sophie M. Poizeau
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Donald R. Sadoway
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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