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Clinical evaluation of a dose management system-integrated 3D skin dose map by comparison with radiochromic films. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:5071-5081. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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2
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Experimental evaluation of a radiation dose management system-integrated 3D skin dose map by comparison with XR-RV3 Gafchromic® films. Phys Med 2019; 66:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.09.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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3
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Rizk C, Fares G, Vanhavere F, Farah J. MEASUREMENT OF PATIENT SKIN DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS IN THREE LEBANESE INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY SUITES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:375-385. [PMID: 30165531 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using a mesh of 30 thermoluminescent dosemeters, adults' patient skin doses were measured for 99 coronary angiography (CA) and 89 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed in three Lebanese hospitals. Average peak skin dose (Dskin,max) were 152 mGy (range: 16-1144) for CAs and 576 mGy (range: 7-3361) for PCIs. While only four patients had a Dskin,max value exceeding the 2 Gy threshold for skin injuries, several patients had skin dose values above 1 Gy at several distinct locations proving that Dskin,max alone is not sufficient for repetitive procedures; 2D dose maps are required instead. Dskin,max correlated well with total air kerma-area product (PKA,T) for PCI in Hospitals 1 and 2 (R = 0.91 and 0.76, respectively) enabling the setup of an alert level at PKA,T = 240 and 210 Gy cm2, respectively, corresponding to a Dskin,max of 2 Gy. This was not possible for Hospital 3 due to weak correlations between Dskin,max and PKA,T.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rizk
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, PO Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, PO Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G Fares
- Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, PO Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | - J Farah
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Paris-Sud University Hospitals, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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4
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Didier R, Bourhis D, Oueslati C, Nasr B, Le Ven F, Noël A, Jobic Y, Damien P, Pene‐Baverez D, Mansourati J, Nicol PP, Gilard M. In vivo validation of Dosemap software use in interventional cardiology with dosimetrics indicators and peak skin dose evaluation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 94:216-222. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Didier
- Department of CardiologyBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | - David Bourhis
- Department of Radiation ProtectionBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | - Chaker Oueslati
- Department of CardiologyBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | - Bahaa Nasr
- Department of Vascular SurgeryBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | - Florent Le Ven
- Department of CardiologyBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | - Antoine Noël
- Department of CardiologyBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | - Yannick Jobic
- Department of CardiologyBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | - Pascal Damien
- Department of Radiation ProtectionBrest University Hospital Brest France
| | | | | | | | - Martine Gilard
- Department of CardiologyBrest University Hospital Brest France
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Habib Geryes B, Hadid-Beurrier L, Waryn MJ, Jean-Pierre A, Farah J. Benchmarking the DACS-integrated Radiation Dose Monitor® skin dose mapping software using XR-RV3 Gafchromic® films. Med Phys 2018; 45:4683-4692. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Habib Geryes
- Radiology Department; Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital; AP-HP; 149 Rue de Sèvres Paris 75015 France
| | - Lama Hadid-Beurrier
- Radiology Department; Lariboisière University Hospital; AP-HP; 2 Rue Ambroise Paré Paris 75010 France
| | - Marie-Joséphine Waryn
- Radiology Department; Jean Verdier Hospital; AP-HP; Avenue du 14 Juillet Bondy 93140 France
| | - Antonella Jean-Pierre
- Radiology Department; Lariboisière University Hospital; AP-HP; 2 Rue Ambroise Paré Paris 75010 France
| | - Jad Farah
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Division; Paris Sud University Hospitals; AP-HP; 78 Rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94270 France
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6
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Uniyal SC, Chaturvedi V, Sharma SD, Rawat A. PATIENT DOSIMETRY DURING INTERVENTIONAL CARDIAC PROCEDURES IN A DEDICATED CATHETERIZATION LABORATORY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 175:201-208. [PMID: 27744352 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac interventions often result in high radiation dose to patient's skin, so a reliable indicator in terms of a commonly used dose descriptor is required to monitor skin exposures. In the present study, Gafchromic XR-RV3 film was used to measure the peak skin dose (PSD) during 40 coronary angiography (CA) and 50 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures. Corresponding values of kerma-area product (PKA), fluoroscopy time (FT) and reference air-kerma (Ka,r) were recorded and correlated with PSD. Doses to patient's eyes and thyroid were also measured by using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) during PTCA procedures. The average dose to thyroid was about six times higher than the average dose to eyes. The mean values of PSD, PKA and FT were 1140 mGy, 97 Gy cm2 and 15.7 min for PTCA and 290 mGy, 21.1 Gy cm2 and 2.4 min for CA procedures, respectively. One in seven patients of PTCA procedure received PSD >2 Gy. With respect to FT, PKA may be used as a better predictor of skin exposures because the correlation of PSD with PKA was found better than with FT for both CA and PTCA procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish C Uniyal
- Department of Radiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, India
| | - Vineet Chaturvedi
- Department of Radiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, India
| | - Sunil D Sharma
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anurag Rawat
- Department of Cardiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, India
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7
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Kato M, Chida K, Moritake T, Sato T, Oosaka H, Toyoshima H, Zuguchi M, Abe Y. Direct Dose Measurement On Patient During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedures Using Radiophotoluminescence Glass Dosimeters. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 175:31-37. [PMID: 27624894 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to measure accurate patient entrance skin dose and maximum skin absorbed dose (MSD) to prevent radiation skin injuries in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). We directly measured the MSD on 50 PCIs by using multiple radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeters and a modified dosimetry gown. Also, we analysed the correlation between the MSD and indirect measurement parameters, such as fluoroscopic time (FT), dose-area product (DAP) and cumulative air kerma (C-AK). There were very strong correlations between MSD and FT, DAP and C-AK, with the correlation between MSD and C-AK being the strongest (r = 0.938). In conclusion, the regression lines using MSD as an outcome value (y) and C-AK as predictor variables (x) were y = 1.12x (R2 = 0.880). From the linear regression equation, MSD is estimated to be ~1.12 times that of C-AK in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Kato
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute for Brain & Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichi Chida
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tadaya Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Akita Medical Center, Akita, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Aidu Chuo Hospital, Aiduwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Oosaka
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute for Brain & Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Hideto Toyoshima
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute for Brain & Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Zuguchi
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
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8
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Assessment of peak skin dose in interventional cardiology: A comparison between Gafchromic film and dosimetric software em.dose. Phys Med 2017; 38:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Greffier J, Moliner G, Pereira F, Cornillet L, Ledermann B, Schmutz L, Lomma M, Cayla G, Beregi JP. Assessment of Patient's Peak Skin Dose Using Gafchromic Films During Interventional Cardiology Procedures: Routine Experience Feedback. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 174:395-405. [PMID: 27522056 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess the interest of Gafchromic films in detection of patient's peak skin dose (PSD) in interventional cardiology. A prospective study of 112 patients was conducted (July-December 2015). Three diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were evaluated: coronary angiography (CA), coronary angiography and coronary angioplasty for one or two vessels disease (CA-PTCA) and coronary angioplasty of complex chronic total occlusion (CTO). Dosimetric indicators (DIs) were collected and PSD were measured with Gafchromic films. Dose distribution was evaluated within 10 'Thorax Body-zone' defined by the system. Correlations between PSD and DI or dose distribution were computed. Delivered dose increased in complex procedures. The PSD were 0.121 ± 0.063 Gy for CA, 0.256 ± 0.142 Gy for CA-PTCA and 1.116 ± 0.721 Gy for CTO. High correlations were observed for PSD and DI as well for dose distribution within the 'Thorax Body-zone'. Film dosimetry is suggested for CTO procedures since the threshold of 2 Gy for skin injuries is likely to be exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Greffier
- Department of Radiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Medical Imaging Group Nîmes, EA 2415, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - G Moliner
- Department of Radiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Medical Imaging Group Nîmes, EA 2415, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - F Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Medical Imaging Group Nîmes, EA 2415, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - L Cornillet
- Department of Cardiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - B Ledermann
- Department of Cardiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - L Schmutz
- Department of Cardiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - M Lomma
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Bio-informatics, Nîmes University Hospital, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - G Cayla
- Department of Cardiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - J P Beregi
- Department of Radiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Medical Imaging Group Nîmes, EA 2415, Bd Prof Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex, France
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Farah J, Trianni A, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Clairand I, De Angelis C, Delle Canne S, Hadid L, Huet C, Jarvinen H, Negri A, Novák L, Pinto M, Siiskonen T, Waryn MJ, Knežević Ž. Characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic®
films in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions and means to evaluate uncertainties and reduce errors. Med Phys 2015; 42:4211-26. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4922132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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11
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Kato M, Chida K, Moritake T, Koguchi Y, Sato T, Oosaka H, Tosa T, Kadowaki K. Fundamental study on the characteristics of a radiophotoluminescence glass dosemeter with no energy compensation filter for measuring patient entrance doses in cardiac interventional procedures. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:224-9. [PMID: 24277872 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac interventional procedures have been increasing year by year. However, radiation skin injuries have been still reported. There is a necessity to measure the patient entrance skin dose (ESD), but an accurate dose measurement method has not been established. To measure the ESD, a lot of radiophotoluminescence dosemeters (RPLDs) provide an accurate measurement of the direct actual ESD at the points they are arrayed. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of RPLD to measure the ESD. As a result, X-ray permeable RPLD (with no tin filter) did not interfere with the percutaneous coronary intervention procedure. The RPLD also had good fundamental performance characteristics. Although the RPLD had a little energy dependence, it showed excellent dose and dose-rate linearity, and good angular dependence. In conclusion, by calibrating the energy dependence, RPLDs are useful dosemeter to measure the ESD in cardiac intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Kato
- Department of Medical Technology, Akita Medical Center, 6-17 Senshukubota, Akita, Akita 010-0874, Japan Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koichi Chida
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koguchi
- Oarai Research Center, Chiyoda Technol Corporation, 3681 Naritacho, Higashiibarakigun Oaraimachi, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan
| | - Tadaya Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Akita Medical Center, 6-17 Senshukubota, Akita, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Hajime Oosaka
- Department of Medical Technology, Akita Medical Center, 6-17 Senshukubota, Akita, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Tosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Akita Medical Center, 6-17 Senshukubota, Akita, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Ken Kadowaki
- Department of Cardiology, Akita Medical Center, 6-17 Senshukubota, Akita, Akita 010-0874, Japan
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D’Alessio D, Giliberti C, Soriani A, Carpanese L, Pizzi G, Vallati GE, Strigari L. Dose evaluation for skin and organ in hepatocellular carcinoma during angiographic procedure. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2013; 32:81. [PMID: 24423052 PMCID: PMC3832252 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiation dose in patients undergoing liver angiographic procedure and verify the usefulness of different dose measurements to prevent deterministic effects. Gafchromic film, MicroMOSFET data and DIAMENTOR device of the X-ray system were used to characterize the examined interventional radiology (IR) procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A liver embolization procedure, the SIRT (Selective Internal Radiation Therapy), was investigated. The exposure parameters from the DIAMENTOR as well as patient and geometrical data were registered. Entrance skin dose map obtained using Gafchromic film (ESDGAF) in a standard phantom as well as in 12 patients were used to calculate the maximum skin dose (MSDGAF). MicroMOSFETs were used to assess ESD in relevant points/areas. Moreover, the maximum value of five MicroMOSFETs array, due to the extension of treated area and to the relative distance of 2-3 cm of two adjacent MicroMOSFETs, was useful to predict the MSD without interfering with the clinical practice. PCXMC vers.1.5 was used to calculate effective dose (E) and equivalent dose (H). RESULTS The mean dose-area product (DAPDIAMENTOR) for SIRT procedures was 166 Gycm2, although a wide range was observed. The mean MSDGAF for SIRT procedures was 1090 mGy, although a wide range was experienced. A correlation was found between the MSDGAF measured on a patient and the DAPDIAMENTOR value for liver embolizations. MOSFET and Gafchromic data were in agreement within 5% in homogeneous area and within 20% in high dose gradient regions. The mean equivalent dose in critical organs was 89.8 mSv for kidneys, 22.9 mSv for pancreas, 20.2 mSv for small intestine and 21.0 mSv for spleen. Whereas the mean E was 3.7 mSv (range: 0.5-13.7). CONCLUSIONS Gafchromic films result useful to study patient exposure and determine localization and amplitude of high dose skin areas to better predict the skin injuries. Then, DAPDIAMENTOR or MOSFET data could offer real-time methods, as on-line dose alert, to avoid any side effects during liver embolization with prolonged duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Alessio
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Claudia Giliberti
- Dipartimento Installazioni di Produzione e Insediamenti Antropici, INAIL, Via Alessandria 220/E, Rome, 00198, Italy
| | - Antonella Soriani
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Livio Carpanese
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzi
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Giulio Eugenio Vallati
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
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Akyalcin S, English JD, Abramovitch KM, Rong XJ. Measurement of skin dose from cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Head Face Med 2013; 9:28. [PMID: 24192155 PMCID: PMC3851731 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners using point-dosimeters. Materials & methods A head anthropomorphic phantom was used with nanoDOT optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters (Landauer Corp., Glenwood, IL) attached to various anatomic landmarks. The phantom was scanned using multiple exposure protocols for craniofacial evaluations in three different CBCT units and a conventional x-ray imaging system. The dosimeters were calibrated for each of the scan protocols on the different imaging systems. Peak skin dose and surface doses at the eye lens, thyroid, submandibular and parotid gland levels were measured. Results The measured skin doses ranged from 0.09 to 4.62 mGy depending on dosimeter positions and imaging systems. The average surface doses to the lens locations were ~4.0 mGy, well below the threshold for cataractogenesis (500 mGy). The results changed accordingly with x-ray tube output (mAs and kV) and also were sensitive to scan field of view (SFOV). As compared to the conventional panoramic and cephalometric imaging system, doses from all three CBCT systems were at least an order of magnitude higher. Conclusions Peak skin dose and surface doses at the eye lens, thyroid, and salivary gland levels measured from the CBCT imaging systems were lower than the thresholds to induce deterministic effects. However, our findings do not justify the routine use of CBCT imaging in orthodontics considering the lifetime-attributable risk to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Akyalcin
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.
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Patient Dose During Carotid Artery Stenting With Embolic-Protection Devices: Evaluation With Radiochromic Films and Related Diagnostic Reference Levels According to Factors Influencing the Procedure. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012; 36:320-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-012-0392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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