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Oh E, Jung WW, Sul D. DNA damage and protective effects of placental extracts in blood lymphocytes and lymphoid organs of mice exposed to gamma irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2023.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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2
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Kohda A, Toyokawa T, Umino T, Ayabe Y, Tanaka IB, Komura JI. Frequencies of Chromosome Aberrations are Lower in Splenic Lymphocytes from Mice Continuously Exposed to Very Low-Dose-Rate Gamma Rays Compared with Non-Irradiated Control Mice. Radiat Res 2022; 198:639-645. [PMID: 36481804 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations have been one of the most sensitive and reliable biomarkers of exposure to ionizing radiation. Using the multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) technique, we compared the changes, over time, in the frequencies of translocations and of dicentric chromosomes in the splenic lymphocytes from specific pathogen-free (SPF) C3H/HeN female mice continuously exposed to 0.05 mGy/day (18.25 mGy/year) gamma rays for 125 to 700 days (total accumulated doses: 6.25-35 mGy) with age-matched non-irradiated controls. Results show that the frequencies of translocations and of dicentric chromosomes increased significantly over time in both irradiated and non-irradiated control mice, and that the frequencies were significantly lower, not higher, in the irradiated mice, which differs from our previous reports of increased chromosome aberration frequencies at higher radiation dose rates of 1 mGy/day and 20 mGy/day. These results will be useful when considering the radiation risk at very low-dose rates comparable to regulatory dose limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kohda
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 2-121 Hacchazawa, Takahoko, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3213, Japan
| | - Takuo Toyokawa
- Tohoku Nuclear Co., Ltd., 2-41-14 Higashi Okamisawa, Misawa, Aomori 033-0024, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Umino
- Tohoku Nuclear Co., Ltd., 2-41-14 Higashi Okamisawa, Misawa, Aomori 033-0024, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ayabe
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Ignacia Braga Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 2-121 Hacchazawa, Takahoko, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3213, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Komura
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 2-121 Hacchazawa, Takahoko, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3213, Japan
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Lowe D, Roy L, Tabocchini MA, Rühm W, Wakeford R, Woloschak GE, Laurier D. Radiation dose rate effects: what is new and what is needed? RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:507-543. [PMID: 36241855 PMCID: PMC9630203 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research to understand the biological effects of ionising radiation, there is still much uncertainty over the role of dose rate. Motivated by a virtual workshop on the "Effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery" organised in November 2020 by the Multidisciplinary Low Dose Initiative (MELODI), here, we review studies to date exploring dose rate effects, highlighting significant findings, recent advances and to provide perspective and recommendations for requirements and direction of future work. A comprehensive range of studies is considered, including molecular, cellular, animal, and human studies, with a focus on low linear-energy-transfer radiation exposure. Limits and advantages of each type of study are discussed, and a focus is made on future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Lowe
- UK Health Security Agency, CRCE Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- Istituto Nazionale i Fisica Nucleare, Sezione i Roma, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Werner Rühm
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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Tanaka IB. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AT THE IES ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC LOW DOSE-RATE RADIATION EXPOSURE IN MICE. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:985-989. [PMID: 36083746 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research in the Department of Radiobiology at the Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES) has focused mainly on the biological effects of long-term low dose-rate radiation exposure on mice since its establishment 30 y ago. The IES has exposed thousands of mice of various strains, to gamma-rays, mostly chronically, at low dose-rates of 0.05, 1, 20 or 100 mGy/d, at medium dose-rates of 200 or 400 mGy/d or at acute high dose-rates of 0.7-0.9 Gy/min. The dose-rate 0.05 mGy/d is comparable with the dose limit for radiation workers of 100 mSv/5 y. The results will be presented based on the parameters examined at various endpoints such as life span, neoplasm (cancer incidence), chromosome aberrations frequencies, alterations in mRNA levels, tumour transplantability and developmental abnormalities after in utero exposures. The results from research collaborations with universities and institutions both domestic (within Japan) and international will be presented. Lastly, an outline of experiments (e.g. juvenile exposure, low dose tritium exposures) and projects (e.g. radiobiology archives) currently in progress and future research perspectives will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacia Braga Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
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Comparison of biological measurement and physical estimates of space radiation in the International Space Station. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10266. [PMID: 36061033 PMCID: PMC9433677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, ordinary people can travel in space, and the possibility of extended durations in an environment such as moon of the Earth and Mars with higher space radiation exposures compared to past missions, is increasing. Until now, the physical doses of space radiation have been measured, but measurement of direct biological effects has been hampered by its low dose and low dose-rate effect. To assess the biological effects of space radiation, we launched and kept frozen mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in minus eighty degree Celsius freezer in ISS (MELFI) on the International Space Station (ISS) for a maximum of 1,584 days. The passive dosimeter for life science experiments in space (PADLES) was attached on the surface of the sample case of the ES cells. The physical dosimeter measured the absorbed dose in water. After return, the frozen cells were thawed and cultured and their chromosome aberrations were analyzed. Comparative experiments with proton and iron ion irradiation were performed at particle accelerators on Earth. The wild-type ES cells showed no differences in chromosomal aberrations between the ground control and ISS exposures. However, we detected an increase of chromosome aberrations in radio-sensitized histone H2AX heterozygous-deficient mouse ES cells and found that the rate of increase against the absorbed dose was 1.54-fold of proton irradiation at an accelerator. On the other hand, we estimated the quality factor of space radiation as 1.48 ± 0.2. using formulas of International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) 60. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) observed from our experiments (1.54-fold of proton) was almost equal (1.04-fold) to the physical estimation (1.48 ± 0.2). It should be important to clarify the relation between biological effect and physical estimates of space radiation. This comparative study paves a way to reveal the complex radiation environments to reduce the uncertainty for risk assessment of human stay in space.
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Ghorbani Z, Fardid R. Effects of Low-dose Gamma Radiation on Expression of Apoptotic Genes in Rat Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:693-700. [PMID: 34904066 PMCID: PMC8649167 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation is known as a human carcinogen factor, but our information about the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation such as occupational exposures is limited.
The main concern of scientific community is biological consequences due to low-dose radiations. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of low-dose γ-radiation on expression changes of apoptotic genes (bax and bcl-2) in the rat peripheral blood lymphocytes. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male rats were classified into 6 groups, which was exposed to various doses values ranged from 20 mGy to 1000 mGy by γ-rays from a Co-60 source.
Blood samples were provided for analysis of gene expression 24 h after gamma radiation by relative quantitative Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).
Radiation sensitivity of rat lymphocytes was measured by the bax/bcl-2 ratio as a predictive marker for radio-sensitivity. Results: The results of this study showed that low dose of gamma radiation can induce down-regulation of bax in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes. Despite other mechanisms of cellular radio-protection,
changes in expression of these apoptotic genes can be the primary pathway in responses of the lymphocytes radio-protection to the exposure. Our study revealed a significant decrease
in the bax/bcl-2 ratio at 50 mGy dose compare to control and the other irradiated groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that changes in the bax/bcl-2 ratio especially in radiation workers, as a key factor in apoptosis, can be considered as a biological marker in low-dose gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Ghorbani
- MSc, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fardid
- PhD, Associate Professor of Medical Physics, Department of radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Associate Professor of Medical Physics, Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Pobiega S, Alibert O, Marcand S. A new assay capturing chromosome fusions shows a protection trade-off at telomeres and NHEJ vulnerability to low-density ionizing radiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6817-6831. [PMID: 34125900 PMCID: PMC8266670 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome fusions threaten genome integrity and promote cancer by engaging catastrophic mutational processes, namely chromosome breakage-fusion-bridge cycles and chromothripsis. Chromosome fusions are frequent in cells incurring telomere dysfunctions or those exposed to DNA breakage. Their occurrence and therefore their contribution to genome instability in unchallenged cells is unknown. To address this issue, we constructed a genetic assay able to capture and quantify rare chromosome fusions in budding yeast. This chromosome fusion capture (CFC) assay relies on the controlled inactivation of one centromere to rescue unstable dicentric chromosome fusions. It is sensitive enough to quantify the basal rate of end-to-end chromosome fusions occurring in wild-type cells. These fusions depend on canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Our results show that chromosome end protection results from a trade-off at telomeres between positive effectors (Rif2, Sir4, telomerase) and a negative effector partially antagonizing them (Rif1). The CFC assay also captures NHEJ-dependent chromosome fusions induced by ionizing radiation. It provides evidence for chromosomal rearrangements stemming from a single photon-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pobiega
- Université de Paris and Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA IBFJ/iRCM, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, 92265 Fontenay-au-Roses, France
| | | | - Stéphane Marcand
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 1 46 54 82 33;
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Fujishima Y, Nakata A, Ujiie R, Kasai K, Ariyoshi K, Goh VST, Suzuki K, Tazoe H, Yamada M, Yoshida MA, Miura T. Assessment of chromosome aberrations in large Japanese field mice ( Apodemus speciosus) in Namie Town, Fukushima. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1159-1167. [PMID: 32602392 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1787548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in Japan on March 11 2011, the surroundings became contaminated with radionuclides. To understand the possible biological effects after chronic low dose-rate radiation in contaminated areas of Fukushima, we assessed the effects in large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) by means of chromosome aberration analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected A. speciosus in five sites around Namie Town, Fukushima (contaminated areas) and in two sites in Hirosaki City, Aomori (control areas, 350 km north of FDNPP) from autumn 2011 to 2013. The number of mice captured and ambient dose-rates were as follows: high (n = 11, 10.1-30.0 µGy h-1), moderate (n = 10, 5.7-15.6 µGy h-1), low (n = 12, 0.23-1.14 µGy h-1) and control (n = 20, 0.04-0.07 µGy h-1). After spleen extraction from rodents, spleen cell culture was performed to obtain metaphase spreads. Chromosome aberrations were assessed on Giemsa-stained metaphase spreads. RESULTS Although the mice in the contaminated areas were chronically exposed, there was no radiation-specific chromosome aberrations observed, such as dicentric chromosomes and rings. Some structural aberrations such as gaps and breaks were observed, and these frequencies decreased annually in mice from Namie Town. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that chromosome aberration analysis is useful to evaluate and monitor radiation effects in wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Risa Ujiie
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Department of International Cooperation and Collaborative Research, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamada
- Central Laboratory, Marine Ecology Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Department of Radiation biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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Fujishima Y, Kanahama S, Hagino S, Natsubori S, Saito H, Azumaya A, Ariyoshi K, Nakata A, Kasai K, Yamada K, Mariya Y, Yoshida MA, Miura T. Influence of anticoagulants and storage temperatures on blood counts and mitotic index of blood samples collected for cytogenetic biodosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:186-192. [PMID: 30373443 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1539882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to establish suitable protocols of blood culture to obtain sufficient numbers of metaphases for dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), we have examined the effect of storage temperature, storage time, and anticoagulant type. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from five healthy donors with lithium heparin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt (EDTA-2K). These samples were irradiated with X-rays at 3 Gy or sham; the samples were further divided into groups that were either stored at room temperature (RT) or 5.2 ± 1.0 °C. After 6, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h of storage, both blood counts and the mitotic index (MI) were analyzed. RESULTS Heparinized blood samples stored under cold conditions exhibited low white blood cell, lymphocyte, and platelet counts. EDTA-treated blood samples did not show such obvious changes in cell counts. After 6 h of storage, heparinized blood samples stored at RT had MI of 21.5-29.3%. Similar MI was obtained in the EDTA-washed group stored for 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that heparinized blood samples should be stored at RT to get sufficient metaphases for DCA, and that EDTA blood samples also can be used for blood culture after washing and storage under 5.2 ± 1.0 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Fujishima
- a Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine , Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Syuki Kanahama
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Mutsu General Hospital , Mutsu , Japan
| | - Shigeki Hagino
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Mutsu General Hospital , Mutsu , Japan
| | - Shiori Natsubori
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Mutsu General Hospital , Mutsu , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Saito
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Mutsu General Hospital , Mutsu , Japan
| | - Ayaka Azumaya
- a Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine , Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- c Department of Radiation Biology , Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- d Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Hokkaido University of Science , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- a Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine , Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Kyogo Yamada
- e Department of Surgery , Mutsu General Hospital , Mutsu , Japan
| | - Yasushi Mariya
- f Department of Radiology/Radiation Oncology , Mutsu General Hospital , Mutsu , Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- c Department of Radiation Biology , Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- a Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine , Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan.,c Department of Radiation Biology , Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
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Braga-Tanaka I, Tanaka S, Kohda A, Takai D, Nakamura S, Ono T, Tanaka K, Komura JI. Experimental studies on the biological effects of chronic low dose-rate radiation exposure in mice: overview of the studies at the Institute for Environmental Sciences. Int J Radiat Biol 2018. [PMID: 29533133 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1451048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of experiments conducted in the Institute for Environmental Sciences for the past 21 years, focusing on the biological effects of long-term low dose-rate radiation exposure on mice. Mice were chronically exposed to gamma rays at dose-rates of 0.05, 1 or 20 mGy/day for 400 days to total doses of 20, 400 or 8000 mGy, respectively. The dose rate 0.05 mGy/day is comparable to the dose limit for radiation workers. The parameters examined were lifespan, neoplasm incidence, antineoplasm immunity, body weight, chromosome aberration(s), gene mutation(s), alterations in mRNA and protein levels and trans-generational effects. At 20 mGy/day, all biological endpoints were significantly altered except neoplasm incidence in the offspring of exposed males. Slight but statistically significant changes in lifespan, neoplasm incidences, chromosome abnormalities and gene expressions were observed at 1 mGy/day. Except for transient alterations in the mRNA levels of some genes and increased liver neoplasm incidence attributed to radiation exposure, the remaining biological endpoints were not influenced after exposure to 0.05 mGy/day. Results suggest that chronic low dose-rate exposure may induce small biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacia Braga-Tanaka
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kohda
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Daisaku Takai
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ono
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Kimio Tanaka
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Komura
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
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Rühm W, Azizova T, Bouffler S, Cullings HM, Grosche B, Little MP, Shore RS, Walsh L, Woloschak GE. Typical doses and dose rates in studies pertinent to radiation risk inference at low doses and low dose rates. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:ii1-ii10. [PMID: 29432579 PMCID: PMC5941142 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to quantify radiation risks at exposure scenarios relevant for radiation protection, often extrapolation of data obtained at high doses and high dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates is needed. Task Group TG91 on 'Radiation Risk Inference at Low-dose and Low-dose Rate Exposure for Radiological Protection Purposes' of the International Commission on Radiological Protection is currently reviewing the relevant cellular, animal and human studies that could be used for that purpose. This paper provides an overview of dose rates and doses typically used or present in those studies, and compares them with doses and dose rates typical of those received by the A-bomb survivors in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Rühm
- Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, 456780, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Harry M Cullings
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5–2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Bernd Grosche
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Roy S Shore
- New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Linda Walsh
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Radiology, and Cell and Molecular Biology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-760, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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12
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Kawaguchi I, Doi K, Kawagoshi T, Kubota Y. Response to Comment on "Chromosomal Aberrations in Large Japanese Field Mice (Apodemus speciosus) Captured near Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8198-8199. [PMID: 28654247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kawaguchi
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taiki Kawagoshi
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kubota
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Kawagoshi T, Shiomi N, Takahashi H, Watanabe Y, Fuma S, Doi K, Kawaguchi I, Aoki M, Kubota M, Furuhata Y, Shigemura Y, Mizoguchi M, Yamada F, Tomozawa M, Sakamoto SH, Yoshida S, Kubota Y. Chromosomal Aberrations in Large Japanese Field Mice (Apodemus speciosus) Captured near Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4632-4641. [PMID: 28363014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, radiation effects on nonhuman biota in the contaminated areas have been a major concern. Here, we analyzed the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (translocations and dicentrics) in the splenic lymphocytes of large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) inhabiting Fukushima Prefecture. A. speciosus chromosomes 1, 2, and 5 were flow-sorted in order to develop A. speciosus chromosome-specific painting probes, and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) was performed using these painting probes to detect the translocations and dicentrics. The average frequency of the translocations and dicentrics per cell in the heavily contaminated area was significantly higher than the frequencies in the case of the noncontaminated control area and the slightly and moderately contaminated areas, and this aberration frequency in individual mice tended to roughly increase with the estimated dose rates and accumulated doses. In all four sampling areas, the proportion of aberrations occurring in chromosome 2 was approximately >3 times higher than that in chromosomes 1 and 5, which suggests that A. speciosus chromosome 2 harbors a fragile site that is highly sensitive to chromosome breaks induced by cellular stress such as DNA replication. The elevated frequency of chromosomal aberrations in A. speciosus potentially resulting from the presence of a fragile site in chromosome 2 might make it challenging to observe the mild effect of chronic low-dose-rate irradiation on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in A. speciosus inhabiting the contaminated areas of Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kawagoshi
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Shiomi
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd. 1-3-5 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshito Watanabe
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fuma
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Isao Kawaguchi
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanari Aoki
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Masahide Kubota
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Furuhata
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shigemura
- Japan NUS Co., Ltd, 7-5-25 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mizoguchi
- Japan NUS Co., Ltd, 7-5-25 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamada
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Morihiko Tomozawa
- Department of Biology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Shinsuke H Sakamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki , Kibana Campus, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Department of Management and Planning, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kubota
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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14
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Tang FR, Loke WK, Khoo BC. Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation-induced bioeffects in animal models. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:165-182. [PMID: 28077626 PMCID: PMC5439383 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal experimental studies indicate that acute or chronic low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) (≤100 mSv) or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation (LDRIR) (<6 mSv/h) exposures may be harmful. It induces genetic and epigenetic changes and is associated with a range of physiological disturbances that includes altered immune system, abnormal brain development with resultant cognitive impairment, cataractogenesis, abnormal embryonic development, circulatory diseases, weight gain, premature menopause in female animals, tumorigenesis and shortened lifespan. Paternal or prenatal LDIR/LDRIR exposure is associated with reduced fertility and number of live fetuses, and transgenerational genomic aberrations. On the other hand, in some experimental studies, LDIR/LDRIR exposure has also been reported to bring about beneficial effects such as reduction in tumorigenesis, prolonged lifespan and enhanced fertility. The differences in reported effects of LDIR/LDRIR exposure are dependent on animal genetic background (susceptibility), age (prenatal or postnatal days), sex, nature of radiation exposure (i.e. acute, fractionated or chronic radiation exposure), type of radiation, combination of radiation with other toxic agents (such as smoking, pesticides or other chemical toxins) or animal experimental designs. In this review paper, we aimed to update radiation researchers and radiologists on the current progress achieved in understanding the LDIR/LDRIR-induced bionegative and biopositive effects reported in the various animal models. The roles played by a variety of molecules that are implicated in LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects will be elaborated. The review will help in future investigations of LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects by providing clues for designing improved animal research models in order to clarify the current controversial/contradictory findings from existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ru Tang
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), National University of Singapore, 1 CREATE Way #04-01, CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore
| | - Weng Keong Loke
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A, Engineering Drive 1, 117411,Singapore
| | - Boo Cheong Khoo
- DSO National Laboratories,Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, 11 Stockport Road,117605,Singapore
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15
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Tanaka K, Satoh K, Kohda A. Dose and dose-rate response of lymphocyte chromosome aberrations in mice chronically irradiated within a low-dose-rate range after age adjustment. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 159:38-45. [PMID: 24870362 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidences of chromosome aberrations were analysed in splenic lymphocytes from mice that were continuously exposed to (137)Cs gamma rays within the low-dose-rate (LDR) range to evaluate the dose-response and dose-rate effects. Chromosome aberrations were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation method, and these were found to increase in frequency up to 8000 mGy at 20 mGy for 22 h d(-1) and to 700 mGy at 1 mGy for 22 h d(-1). Translocations increased in a linear quadratic manner with age in non-exposed mice. The dose-response relationship for the frequency of translocations at each dose rate (20 and 1 mGy for 22 h d(-1)) was obtained using age-adjusted multiple linear regression analysis. Values of the linear term, shown as the slope, decreased as the dose rate was reduced from 20 to 1 mGy for 22 h d(-1), indicating a positive dose-rate effect in the LDR range. These results will be useful for estimating the risk of LDR radiation exposure and radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 2-121 Hachazawa, Takahoko, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3213, Japan
| | - K Satoh
- Department of Environmetrics and Biometrics, Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - A Kohda
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 2-121 Hachazawa, Takahoko, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3213, Japan
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16
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Manesh SS, Deperas-Kaminska M, Fotouhi A, Sangsuwan T, Harms-Ringdahl M, Wojcik A, Haghdoost S. Mutations and chromosomal aberrations in hMTH1-transfected and non-transfected TK6 cells after exposure to low dose rates of gamma radiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:417-425. [PMID: 24549366 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyse the dose rate effect of gamma radiation at the level of mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and cell growth in TK6 cells with normal as well as reduced levels of hMTH1 protein. TK6 cells were exposed to gamma radiation at dose rates ranging from 1.4 to 30.0 mGy/h (chronic exposure) as well as 24 Gy/h (acute exposure). Cell growth, frequency of thymidine kinase mutants, and of chromosomal aberrations in painted chromosomes 2, 8, and 14 were analysed. A decline in cell growth and an increase in unstable-type chromosomal aberrations with increasing dose rate were observed in both cell lines. A dose rate effect was not seen on mutations or stable-type chromosomal aberrations in any of the two cell lines. Reduction in the hMTH1 protein does not influence the sensitivity of TK6 cells to gamma radiation. This result fits well with data of others generated with the same cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakeri Manesh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research (CRPR), The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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