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Dutta P, Maurya SS, Patel K, Biswas K, Mangaonkar J, Sarkar S, D. Rapol U. A Decade of Advancement of Quantum Sensing and Metrology in India Using Cold Atoms and Ions. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Castellucci F, Clark TW, Selyem A, Wang J, Franke-Arnold S. Atomic Compass: Detecting 3D Magnetic Field Alignment with Vector Vortex Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:233202. [PMID: 34936773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.233202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe and demonstrate how 3D magnetic field alignment can be inferred from single absorption images of an atomic cloud. While optically pumped magnetometers conventionally rely on temporal measurement of the Larmor precession of atomic dipoles, here a cold atomic vapor provides a spatial interface between vector light and external magnetic fields. Using a vector vortex beam, we inscribe structured atomic spin polarization in a cloud of cold rubidium atoms and record images of the resulting absorption patterns. The polar angle of an external magnetic field can then be deduced with spatial Fourier analysis. This effect presents an alternative concept for detecting magnetic vector fields and demonstrates, more generally, how introducing spatial phases between atomic energy levels can translate transient effects to the spatial domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Castellucci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W Clark
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest H-1525, Hungary
| | - Adam Selyem
- Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jinwen Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Sonja Franke-Arnold
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Yang YM, Xie HT, Ji WC, Wang YF, Zhang WY, Chen S, Jiang X. Ultra-low noise and high bandwidth bipolar current driver for precise magnetic field control. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:014701. [PMID: 30709187 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current sources with extremely low noise are significant for many branches of scientific research, such as experiments of ultra-cold atoms, superconducting quantum computing, and precision measurements. Here we construct and characterize an analog-controlled bipolar current source with high bandwidth and ultra-low noise. A precise and stable resistor is connected in series with the output for current sensing. After being amplified with an instrumentation amplifier, the current sensing signal is compared with an ultra-low noise reference, and proportional-integral (PI) calculations are performed via a zero-drift low-noise operational amplifier. The result of the PI calculation is sent to the output power operational amplifier for closed-loop control of the output current. In this way, a current of up to 16 A can be sourced to or sunk from a load with a compliance voltage of greater than ±12 V. The broadband current noise of our bipolar current source is about 0.5 μA/Hz and 1/f corner frequency is less than 1 Hz. Applications of this current source in a cold atom interferometer, as well as active compensation of a stray magnetic field, are presented. A method for measuring high-frequency current noise in a 10 A DC current with a sensitivity down to a level of 10 μA is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hong-Tai Xie
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wen-Chao Ji
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Yong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Leszczyński A, Mazelanik M, Lipka M, Parniak M, Dąbrowski M, Wasilewski W. Spatially resolved control of fictitious magnetic fields in a cold atomic ensemble. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1147-1150. [PMID: 29489801 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective and unrestricted engineering of atom-photon interactions requires precise spatially resolved control of light beams. The significant potential of such manipulations lies in a set of disciplines ranging from solid-state to atomic physics. Here we use a Zeeman-like ac-Stark shift caused by a shaped laser beam to perform rotations of spins with spatial resolution in a large ensemble of cold rubidium atoms. We show that inhomogeneities of light intensity are the main source of dephasing and, thus, decoherence; yet, with proper beam shaping, this deleterious effect is strongly mitigated allowing rotations of 15 rad within one spin-precession lifetime. Finally, as a particular example of a complex manipulation enabled by our scheme, we demonstrate a range of collapse-and-revival behaviors of a free-induction decay signal by imprinting comb-like patterns on the atomic ensemble.
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Atomic-state diagnostics and optimization in cold-atom experiments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2805. [PMID: 29434281 PMCID: PMC5809594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the creation, observation and optimization of superposition states of cold atoms. In our experiments, rubidium atoms are prepared in a magneto-optical trap and later, after switching off the trapping fields, Faraday rotation of a weak probe beam is used to characterize atomic states prepared by application of appropriate light pulses and external magnetic fields. We discuss the signatures of polarization and alignment of atomic spin states and identify main factors responsible for deterioration of the atomic number and their coherence and present means for their optimization, like relaxation in the dark with the strobed probing. These results may be used for controlled preparation of cold atom samples and in situ magnetometry of static and transient fields.
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Smith A, Anderson BE, Sosa-Martinez H, Riofrío CA, Deutsch IH, Jessen PS. Quantum control in the Cs 6S(1/2) ground manifold using radio-frequency and microwave magnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:170502. [PMID: 24206469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We implement arbitrary maps between pure states in the 16-dimensional Hilbert space associated with the ground electronic manifold of ^{133}Cs. This is accomplished by driving atoms with phase modulated radio-frequency and microwave fields, using modulation waveforms found via numerical optimization and designed to work robustly in the presence of imperfections. We evaluate the performance of a sample of randomly chosen state maps by randomized benchmarking, obtaining an average fidelity >99%. Our protocol advances state-of-the-art quantum control and has immediate applications in quantum metrology and tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smith
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, College of Optical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Gajdacz M, Pedersen PL, Mørch T, Hilliard AJ, Arlt J, Sherson JF. Non-destructive Faraday imaging of dynamically controlled ultracold atoms. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:083105. [PMID: 24007051 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe an easily implementable method for non-destructive measurements of ultracold atomic clouds based on dark field imaging of spatially resolved Faraday rotation. The signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed theoretically and, in the absence of experimental imperfections, the sensitivity limit is found to be identical to other conventional dispersive imaging techniques. The dependence on laser detuning, atomic density, and temperature is characterized in a detailed comparison with theory. Due to low destructiveness, spatially resolved images of the same cloud can be acquired up to 2000 times. The technique is applied to avoid the effect of shot-to-shot fluctuations in atom number calibration, to demonstrate single-run vector magnetic field imaging and single-run spatial imaging of the system's dynamic behavior. This demonstrates that the method is a useful tool for the characterization of static and dynamically changing properties of ultracold atomic clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Gajdacz
- Danish National Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Robust site-resolvable quantum gates in an optical lattice via inhomogeneous control. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2027. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sewell RJ, Koschorreck M, Napolitano M, Dubost B, Behbood N, Mitchell MW. Magnetic sensitivity beyond the projection noise limit by spin squeezing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:253605. [PMID: 23368463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.253605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of spin squeezing and entanglement in a magnetically sensitive atomic ensemble, and entanglement-enhanced field measurements with this system. A maximal m(f) = ± 1 Raman coherence is prepared in an ensemble of 8.5 × 10(5) laser-cooled (87)Rb atoms in the f = 1 hyperfine ground state, and the collective spin is squeezed by synthesized optical quantum nondemolition measurement. This prepares a state with large spin alignment and noise below the projection-noise level in a mixed alignment-orientation variable. 3.2 dB of noise reduction is observed and 2.0 dB of squeezing by the Wineland criterion, implying both entanglement and metrological advantage. Enhanced sensitivity is demonstrated in field measurements using alignment-to-orientation conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Sewell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Avenida Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
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