1
|
Galindo E, Espiritu ERL, Gutierrez C, Alagha AN, Hudon P, Brochu M. A method to assess the quality of additive manufacturing metal powders using the triboelectric charging concept. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16439. [PMID: 39014049 PMCID: PMC11252403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A new method to assess the quality of additive manufacturing (AM) metal powders using the triboelectric charging concept is demonstrated using CpTi, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, IN 738, and SS 316L powders. For each powder tested, the surface chemical composition was first analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the composition of the passivation layer. Some modifications to the current GranuCharge™ setup, developed by GranuTools™, were then performed by incorporating a flow rate measuring tool to assess how tribocharging is affected as a function of flow rate. Variations in the tribocharging response have been found with the flow rate of CpTi, AlSi10Mg and SS 316L powders. Moreover, results suggest that the tribocharging behavior might not be the same even with powders fabricated with the same passivation process. Finally, the compressed exponential model of Trachenko and Zaccone was used to reproduce the tribocharging behavior of the powders. The models were found to work best when the stretch constant β = 1.5, which is identical to the value found in other systems such as structural glasses, colloidal gels, entangled polymers, and supercooled liquids, which experience jamming when motion of individual particles become restricted, causing their motion to slow down.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galindo
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - E R L Espiritu
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - C Gutierrez
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Ali N Alagha
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - P Hudon
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - M Brochu
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Gao H, Sun L, Yao J. Generic Air-Gen Effect in Nanoporous Materials for Sustainable Energy Harvesting from Air Humidity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300748. [PMID: 37144425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Air humidity is a vast, sustainable reservoir of energy that, unlike solar and wind, is continuously available. However, previously described technologies for harvesting energy from air humidity are either not continuous or require unique material synthesis or processing, which has stymied scalability and broad deployment. Here, a generic effect for continuous energy harvesting from air humidity is reported, which can be applied to a broad range of inorganic, organic, and biological materials. The common feature of these materials is that they are engineered with appropriate nanopores to allow air water to pass through and undergo dynamic adsorption-desorption exchange at the porous interface, resulting in surface charging. The top exposed interface experiences this dynamic interaction more than the bottom sealed interface in a thin-film device structure, yielding a spontaneous and sustained charging gradient for continuous electric output. Analyses of material properties and electric outputs lead to a "leaky capacitor" model that can describe how electricity is harvested and predict current behaviors consistent with experiments. Predictions from the model guide the fabrication of devices made from heterogeneous junctions of different materials to further expand the device category. The work opens a wide door for the broad exploration of sustainable electricity from air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burgo TL, Pereira GKR, Iglesias BA, Moreira KS, Valandro LF. AFM advanced modes for dental and biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105475. [PMID: 36195052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several analytical methods have been employed to elucidate bonding mechanisms between dental hard tissues, luting agents and restorative materials. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging that has been extensively used in materials science, but its full capabilities are poorly explored by dental research community. In fact, commonly used to obtain topographic images of different surfaces, it turns out that AFM is an underestimated technique considering that there are dozens of basic and advanced modes that are scarcely used to explain properties of biomaterials. Thus, this paper addresses the use of phase-contrast imaging, force-distance curves, nanomechanical and Kelvin probe force techniques during AFM analysis to explore topological, nanomechanical and electrical properties of Y-TZP samples modified by different surface treatments, which has been widely used to promote adhesive enhancements to such substrate. The AFM methods are capable of access erstwhile inaccessible properties of Y-TZP which allowed us to describe its adhesive properties correctly. Thus, AFM technique emerges as a key tool to investigate the complex nature of biomaterials and highlighting its inherent interdisciplinarity that can be successfully used for bridging fragmented disciplines such as solid-state physics, microbiology and dental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ThiagoA L Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and Ph.D. Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Kelly S Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and Ph.D. Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jones ACL, Moxom J, Fuentes-Garcia M, Cecchini GG, Membreno EE, Roeder EE, Mills AP. A resistive-anode based position-sensitive Rydberg atom detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:013305. [PMID: 35104976 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the development and characterization of a position-sensitive detector for Rydberg atom experiments. The detector builds on an earlier design that field-ionized incident Rydberg positronium (Ps) atoms and then electrostatically focused the freed positrons onto a micro-channel plate (MCP) detector without the use of a position sensitive anode. In this design, pulses from the MCP are deposited onto a resistive anode, providing a means of measuring the incident particles' x, y positions. The first detector constructed utilized a pair of MCPs in a chevron configuration and was used to observe the focusing of Rydberg Ps atoms from an electrostatic mirror. A second detector, developed for use in a measurement of the 1S-2S interval of Ps, incorporates three MCPs in a Z-stack configuration to produce larger pulses. Using a UV-induced signal, we have characterized the performance of the assembled detectors, finding a spatial resolution of ∼1.4 mm for the largest induced pulses and for pulse widths of ∼7-10 ns FWHM; pulse times can be resolved to better than 1 ns. The Ps induced signal is anticipated to yield pulses ∼5 times larger, which are expected to achieve a spatial resolution of <1 mm. Appropriate lenses could make possible applications involving either imaging a large area or magnifying a small area of the incident Ps spatial distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C L Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J Moxom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Fuentes-Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - G G Cecchini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - E E Membreno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - E E Roeder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A P Mills
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mortreuil F, Boudou L, Makasheva K, Teyssedre G, Villeneuve-Faure C. Influence of dielectric layer thickness on charge injection, accumulation and transport phenomena in thin silicon oxynitride layers: a nanoscale study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:065706. [PMID: 33086199 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc38a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Charge injection and retention in thin dielectric layers remain critical issues due to the great number of failure mechanisms they inflict. Achieving a better understanding and control of charge injection, trapping and transport phenomena in thin dielectric films is of high priority aiming at increasing lifetime and improving reliability of dielectric parts in electronic and electrical devices. Thermal silica is an excellent dielectric but for many of the current technological developments more flexible processes are required for synthesizing high quality dielectric materials such as amorphous silicon oxynitride layers using plasma methods. In this article, the studied dielectric layers are plasma deposited SiO x N y . Independently on the layer thickness, they are structurally identical: optically transparent, having the same refractive index, equal to the one of thermal silica. Influence of the dielectric film thickness on charging phenomena in such layers is investigated at nanoscale using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy. The main effect of the dielectric film thickness variation concerns the charge flow in the layer during the charge injection step. According to the SiO x N y layer thickness two distinct trends of the measured surface potential and current are found, thus defining ultrathin (up to 15 nm thickness) and thin (15-150 nm thickness) layers. Nevertheless, analyses of KPFM surface potential measurements associated with results from finite element modeling of the structures show that the dielectric layer thickness has weak influence on the amount of injected charge and on the decay dynamics, meaning that pretty homogeneous layers can be processed. The charge penetration depth in such dielectric layers is evaluated to 10 nm regardless the dielectric thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Mortreuil
- LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie), Université de Toulouse; CNRS UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - L Boudou
- LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie), Université de Toulouse; CNRS UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - K Makasheva
- LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie), Université de Toulouse; CNRS UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - G Teyssedre
- LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie), Université de Toulouse; CNRS UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - C Villeneuve-Faure
- LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie), Université de Toulouse; CNRS UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lacerda CD, Andrade MFC, Pessoa PDS, Prado FM, Pires PAR, Pinatto-Botelho MF, Wodtke F, Dos Santos AA, Dias LG, Lima FDS, Chaimovich H, Cuccovia IM. Experimental mapping of a pH gradient from a positively charged micellar interface to bulk solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Jetzer MW, Morrical BD. Investigation of Electrostatic Behavior of Dry Powder-Inhaled Model Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2949-2963. [PMID: 31004652 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of electrostatic charge on drug particles and excipient powders arising from interparticulate collisions or contacts with other surfaces can lead to agglomeration and adhesion problems during the manufacturing process, filling, and delivery of dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of triboelectrification to better understand the influence of electrostatic charge on the performance of DPIs with 2 capsule-based dimensionally similar devices constructed with different materials. In addition, strategies to reduce electrostatic charge build up during the manufacturing process, and the processes involved in this phenomenon were investigated. Electrostatic charge measurements showed that there was a significant difference in electrostatic charge generated between tested formulations and devices. This affects particle detachment from carrier and thus significantly impacts aerosol performance. Conditioning fluticasone DPI capsules at defined temperature and humidity conditions reduced electrostatic charges acquired during manufacturing. Conditioning salmeterol DPI capsules at same conditions seemed disadvantageous for their aerosol performance because of increasing capillary forces and solid bridge formation caused by water absorption. Knowledge and understanding of the role of electrostatic forces in influencing DPI formulation performance was increased by these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Jetzer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Global Development, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Technical Operations Aseptics, 4332 Stein, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bradley D Morrical
- Novartis Pharma AG, Global Development, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Xu R, Ye S, Xu K, Lei L, Hussain S, Zheng Z, Pang F, Xing S, Liu X, Ji W, Cheng Z. Nanoscale charge transfer and diffusion at the MoS 2/SiO 2 interface by atomic force microscopy: contact injection versus triboelectrification. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:355701. [PMID: 29873636 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacad7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the process of charge generation, transfer, and diffusion between two-dimensional (2D) materials and their supporting substrates is very important for potential applications of 2D materials. Compared with the systematic studies of triboelectric charging in a bulk sample, a fundamental understanding of the triboelectrification of the 2D material/insulator system is rather limited. Here, the charge transfer and diffusion of both the SiO2 surface and MoS2/SiO2 interface through contact electrification and frictional electrification are investigated systematically in situ by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and dual-harmonic electrostatic force microscopy. Different from the simple static charge transfer between SiO2 and the PtSi alloy atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, the charge transfer between the tip and the MoS2/SiO2 system is complicated. Triboelectric charges, generated by contact or frictional electrification with the AFM tip, are trapped at the MoS2/SiO2 interface and act as floating gates. The local charge discharge processes can be obtained by monitoring the surface potential. The charge decay time (τ) of the MoS2/SiO2 interface is one (or two) orders of magnitude larger than the decay time τ of the SiO2 surface. This work facilitates an understanding of the triboelectric and de-electrification of the interface between 2D materials and substrates. In addition to the charge transfer and diffusion, we demonstrate the nanopatterns of surface and interfacial charges, which have great potential for the application of self-assembly of charged nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biegaj KW, Rowland MG, Lukas TM, Heng JYY. Surface Chemistry and Humidity in Powder Electrostatics: A Comparative Study between Tribocharging and Corona Discharge. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1576-1582. [PMID: 31457523 PMCID: PMC6641046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the correlation between surface chemical groups and the electrostatic properties of particulate materials was studied. Glass beads were modified to produce OH-, NH2-, CN-, and F-functionalized materials. The materials were charged separately both by friction and by conventional corona charging, and the results were compared. The results obtained from both methods indicated that the electrostatic properties are directly related to the surface functional group chemistry, with hydrophobic groups accumulating greater quantities of charge than hydrophilic groups. The fluorine-rich surface accumulated 5.89 times greater charge upon tribocharging with stainless steel than the hydroxyl-rich surface. However, in contrast to the tribocharging method, the charge polarity could not be determined when corona charging was used. Moreover, discharge profiles at different humidity levels (25% RH, 50% RH, and 75% RH) were obtained for each modified surface, which showed that higher humidity facilitates faster charge decay; however, this enhancement is surface chemistry-dependent. By increasing the humidity from 25% RH to 75% RH, the charge relaxation times can be accelerated 1.6 times for fluorine and 12.2 times for the cyano group. These data confirm that surface functional groups may dictate powder electrostatic behavior and account for observed charge accumulation and discharge phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina W. Biegaj
- Surfaces and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Martin G. Rowland
- Pfizer Research and Development, Pfizer Ltd., Discovery Park House, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Lukas
- Pfizer Research and Development, Pfizer Ltd., Discovery Park House, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Surfaces and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Villeneuve-Faure C, Makasheva K, Boudou L, Teyssedre G. Charge injection in thin dielectric layers by atomic force microscopy: influence of geometry and material work function of the AFM tip on the injection process. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:245702. [PMID: 27158768 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/24/245702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Charge injection and retention in thin dielectric layers remain critical issues for the reliability of many electronic devices because of their association with a large number of failure mechanisms. To overcome this drawback, a deep understanding of the mechanisms leading to charge injection close to the injection area is needed. Even though the charge injection is extensively studied and reported in the literature to characterize the charge storage capability of dielectric materials, questions about charge injection mechanisms when using atomic force microscopy (AFM) remain open. In this paper, a thorough study of charge injection by using AFM in thin plasma-processed amorphous silicon oxynitride layers with properties close to that of thermal silica layers is presented. The study considers the impact of applied voltage polarity, work function of the AFM tip coating and tip curvature radius. A simple theoretical model was developed and used to analyze the obtained experimental results. The electric field distribution is computed as a function of tip geometry. The obtained experimental results highlight that after injection in the dielectric layer the charge lateral spreading is mainly controlled by the radial electric field component independently of the carrier polarity. The injected charge density is influenced by the nature of electrode metal coating (work function) and its geometry (tip curvature radius). The electron injection is mainly ruled by the Schottky injection barrier through the field electron emission mechanism enhanced by thermionic electron emission. The hole injection mechanism seems to differ from the electron one depending on the work function of the metal coating. Based on the performed analysis, it is suggested that for hole injection by AFM, pinning of the metal Fermi level with the metal-induced gap states in the studied silicon oxynitride layers starts playing a role in the injection mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Villeneuve-Faure
- LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie); Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dynamic nano-triboelectrification using torsional resonance mode atomic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27874. [PMID: 27302624 PMCID: PMC4908601 DOI: 10.1038/srep27874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of charge generation, distribution, and transfer between surfaces is very important for energy harvesting applications based on triboelectric effect. Here, we demonstrate dynamic nanotriboelectrification with torsional resonance (TR) mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experiments on rubbing the sample surface using TR mode for the generation of triboelectric charges and in-situ characterization of the charge distribution using scanning Kelvin probe microcopy (SKPM) were performed. This method allows the tip to perform lateral oscillation and maintains the tip-sample interaction in the attractive region to ensure high efficiency of the charge generation during the rubbing process. The measured efficiency of generating triboelectric charges can achieve ~10.53 times higher than conventional static/contact mode in the triboelectrification experiments. In addition to the charge generation, local discharging experiments were also performed. This work would provide a new method to generate patterned charges and also be helpful in understanding the mechanism of nanotriboelectrification.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kweon H, Yiacoumi S, Tsouris C. The role of electrostatic charge in the adhesion of spherical particles onto planar surfaces in atmospheric systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Makasheva K, Villeneuve-Faure C, Laurent C, Despax B, Boudou L, Teyssedre G. Dielectric charging by AFM in tip-to-sample space mode: overview and challenges in revealing the appropriate mechanisms. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:295704. [PMID: 26133237 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/29/295704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of charge distribution on the surface and in the bulk of dielectrics is of great scientific interest because of the information gained on the storage and transport properties of the medium. Nevertheless, the processes at the nanoscale level remain out of the scope of the commonly used diagnostic methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is currently applied for both injection and imaging of charges on dielectric thin films at the nanoscale level to answer the increasing demand for characterization of miniaturized components used in microelectronics, telecommunications, electrophotography, electrets, etc. However, the mechanisms for dielectric charging by AFM are not well documented, and an analysis of the literature shows that inappropriate mechanisms are sometimes presented. It is shown here that corona discharge, frequently pointed out as a likely mechanism for dielectric charging by AFM in tip-to-sample space mode, cannot develop in such small distances. Furthermore, a review of different mechanisms surmised to be at the origin of dielectric charging at the nanoscale level is offered. Field electron emission enhanced by thermionic emission is identified as a likely mechanism for dielectric charging at the nanoscale level. Experimental validation of this mechanism is obtained for typical electric field strengths in AFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Makasheva
- LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Revilla RI, Yang YL, Wang C. Local surface charge dissipation studied using force spectroscopy method of atomic force microscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reynier I. Revilla
- Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yan-Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Contact electrification and charge distribution on elongated particles in a vibrating container. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Izadi H, Penlidis A. Polymeric Bio-Inspired Dry Adhesives: Van der Waals or Electrostatic Interactions? MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Izadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lubomirsky I, Stafsudd O. Invited review article: practical guide for pyroelectric measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:051101. [PMID: 22667595 DOI: 10.1063/1.4709621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of pyroelectric materials is a necessary stage in the design of a large variety of pyroelectric-based devices ranging from intrusion alarms to IR cameras. The sample configurations and measurement techniques currently in use vary widely and require careful attention in order to avoid artifacts. In this review, we provide a practical guide to the measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient, paying particular attention to the new instrumental possibilities (fast sinusoidally modulated light sources, low impedance broad band current meters, and fast averaging oscilloscopes) that have become available during the last decade. Techniques applicable to bulk specimens, substrate-supported films, and self-supported films are described in detail. The most commonly used procedures are classified according to the type of thermal excitation: continuous ramping, heat pulse, and continuous oscillation. In the appendices, we describe the practical realization of these measurement schemes and provide mathematical descriptions for the extraction of the pyroelectric coefficient from the measured data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lubomirsky
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baytekin B, Baytekin HT, Grzybowski BA. What Really Drives Chemical Reactions on Contact Charged Surfaces? J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7223-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300925h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Baytekin
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - H. Tarik Baytekin
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xie Y, Bell C, Hikita Y, Hwang HY. Tuning the electron gas at an oxide heterointerface via free surface charges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1744-1747. [PMID: 21400617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Xie
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bernardes JS, Rezende CA, Galembeck F. Morphology and self-arraying of SDS and DTAB dried on mica surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7824-7832. [PMID: 20158224 DOI: 10.1021/la9046726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dewetting phenomena produce interesting patterns that may impart new properties to solid surfaces. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) aqueous solutions, dried on mica surfaces under different drying conditions, undergo dewetting events forming structured deposits that were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force (AFM) and Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). Dry SDS, in most situations, displays long branched stripes formed due to fingering instability, while DTAB undergoes stick-slip motion forming patterns of parallel continuous or split stripes. In both systems, independently of drying conditions, surfactants pack forming lamellar structures, but with different orientations: SDS lamellae are aligned parallel to the substrate whereas DTAB lamellae are normal to the mica plane. Electric potential maps of SDS obtained by KFM show well-defined electrostatic patterns: surfactant layers deposited on mica are overall negative with a larger excess of negative charge in the interlamellar space than in the lamellar faces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Bernardes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|