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Ribetto FD, Deghi SE, Calvo HL, Bustos-Marún RA. A dynamical model for Brownian molecular motors driven by inelastic electron tunneling. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:164102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several artificial molecular motors driven and controlled by electric currents have been proposed. Similar to Brownian machines, these systems work by turning random inelastic tunneling events into a directional rotation of the molecule. Despite their importance as the ultimate component of future molecular machines, their modeling has not been sufficiently studied. Here, we develop a dynamical model to describe these systems. We illustrate the validity and usefulness of our model by applying it to a well-known molecular motor, showing that the obtained results are consistent with the available experimental data. Moreover, we demonstrate how to use our model to extract some difficult-to-access microscopic parameters. Finally, we include an analysis of the expected effects of current-induced forces (CIFs). Our analysis suggests that, although nonconservative contributions of the CIFs can be important in some scenarios, they do not seem important in the analyzed case. Despite this, the conservative contributions of CIFs could be strong enough to significantly alter the system’s dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico D. Ribetto
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Sebastián E. Deghi
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernán L. Calvo
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raúl A. Bustos-Marún
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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2
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Chen Y, Huang L, Chen H, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xiao Z, Hong W. Towards Responsive
Single‐Molecule
Device. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaorong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Longfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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3
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Timm MJ, Leung L, Anggara K, Lim T, Hu Z, Latini S, Rubio A, Polanyi JC. Contrasting Efficiency of Electron-Induced Reaction at Cu(110) in Aliphatic and Aromatic Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9453-9459. [PMID: 32329343 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a comparative study of the electron-induced reaction of pentyl bromide (PeBr) and phenyl bromide (PhBr) on Cu(110) at 4.6 K, observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The induced dissociation of the intact adsorbed molecule for both reagents occurred at an energy of 2.0 eV, producing a hydrocarbon radical and a Br atom. Electron-induced C-Br bond dissociation was found to be a single-electron process for both reagents. The impulsive two-state (I2S) model was used to describe the Br atom recoil as due to molecular excitation to a repulsive anti-bonding state, in which recoil of the dissociation products occurred due to C·Br repulsion along the prior C-Br bond direction. The measured reaction yield was 3 orders of magnitude greater for PeBr, 2.0 × 10-7 reactive events per electron, than for PhBr with a yield of 1.7 × 10-10. The low yield of dissociation products from the aromatic PhBr was attributed to the presence of two additional anionic states below the 2.0 eV energy limit, absent for the aliphatic PeBr; these additional anionic states for PhBr could provide a pathway for electron transfer to the surface in the case of the aromatic, but not the aliphatic, anion. The consequent shorter lifetime of the repulsive aromatic anion of PhBr is consistent with the observation of shorter mean recoil distance (3.2 Å) of its Br dissociation product, as compared with the markedly longer recoil (8.7 Å) of Br observed from the anion of PeBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Timm
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H6, Canada
| | - Lydie Leung
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H6, Canada
| | - Kelvin Anggara
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H6, Canada
| | - Tingbin Lim
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H6, Canada
| | - Zhixin Hu
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H6, Canada
| | - Simone Latini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - John C Polanyi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H6, Canada
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4
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Anggara K, Leung L, Timm MJ, Hu Z, Polanyi JC. Approaching the forbidden fruit of reaction dynamics: Aiming reagent at selected impact parameters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau2821. [PMID: 30310869 PMCID: PMC6173530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Collision geometry is central to reaction dynamics. An important variable in collision geometry is the miss-distance between molecules, known as the "impact parameter." This is averaged in gas-phase molecular beam studies. By aligning molecules on a surface prior to electron-induced dissociation, we select impact parameters in subsequent inelastic collisions. Surface-collimated "projectile" molecules, difluorocarbene (CF2), were aimed at stationary "target" molecules characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), with the observed scattering interpreted by computational molecular dynamics. Selection of impact parameters showed that head-on collisions favored bimolecular reaction, whereas glancing collisions led only to momentum transfer. These collimated projectiles could be aimed at the wide variety of adsorbed targets identifiable by STM, with the selected impact parameter assisting in the identification of the collision geometry required for reaction.
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5
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Anggara K, Huang K, Leung L, Chatterjee A, Cheng F, Polanyi JC. Clocking Surface Reaction by In-Plane Product Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7377-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anggara
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kai Huang
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Lydie Leung
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Avisek Chatterjee
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Fang Cheng
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John C. Polanyi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Diané A, Nikolic N, Rudecki AP, King SM, Bowie DJ, Gray SL. PACAP is essential for the adaptive thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue to cold exposure. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:327-39. [PMID: 25056115 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a widely distributed neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, neurotropic factor, neuroprotectant, secretagogue, and neurohormone. Owing to its pleiotropic biological actions, knockout of Pacap (Adcyap1) has been shown to induce several abnormalities in mice such as impaired thermoregulation. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. A previous report has shown that cold-exposed Pacap null mice cannot supply appropriate levels of norepinephrine (NE) to brown adipocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous NE would rescue the impaired thermogenic response of Pacap null mice during cold exposure. We compared the adaptive thermogenic capacity of Pacap(-/-) to Pacap(+/+) mice in response to NE when housed at room temperature (24 °C) and after a 3.5-week cold exposure (4 °C). Biochemical parameters, expression of thermogenic genes, and morphological properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) were also characterized. Results showed that there was a significant effect of temperature, but no effect of genotype, on the resting metabolic rate in conscious, unrestrained mice. However, the normal cold-induced increase in the basal metabolic rate and NE-induced increase in thermogenesis were severely blunted in cold-exposed Pacap(-/-) mice. These changes were associated with altered substrate utilization, reduced β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-Ar (Adrb3)) and hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl (Lipe)) gene expression, and increased fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2) gene expression in BAT. Interestingly, Pacap(-/-) mice had depleted WAT depots, associated with upregulated uncoupling protein 1 expression in inguinal WATs. These results suggest that the impairment of adaptive thermogenesis in Pacap null mice cannot be rescued by exogenous NE perhaps in part due to decreased β3-Ar-mediated BAT activation.
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MESH Headings
- Acclimatization/genetics
- Acclimatization/physiology
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/anatomy & histology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/blood supply
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, White/anatomy & histology
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiology
- Animals
- Basal Metabolism/genetics
- Basal Metabolism/physiology
- Cold Climate
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Ion Channels/genetics
- Ion Channels/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/deficiency
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/genetics
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Sterol Esterase/genetics
- Sterol Esterase/metabolism
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Thermogenesis/physiology
- Uncoupling Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Diané
- Northern Medical ProgramUniversity of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Nikolina Nikolic
- Northern Medical ProgramUniversity of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Alexander P Rudecki
- Northern Medical ProgramUniversity of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Shannon M King
- Northern Medical ProgramUniversity of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Drew J Bowie
- Northern Medical ProgramUniversity of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Sarah L Gray
- Northern Medical ProgramUniversity of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
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