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Zhang L, Ding F. Mechanism of Corrugated Graphene Moiré Superstructures on Transition-Metal Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56674-56681. [PMID: 34784183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A graphene layer on a transition-metal (TM) surface can be either corrugated or flat, depending on the type of the substrate and its rotation angle with respect to the substrate. It was broadly observed that the degree of corrugation generally decreases with the increase of rotation angle or the decrease of Moiré pattern size. In contrast to a flat graphene on a TM surface, a corrugated graphene layer has an increased binding energy to the substrate and a concomitant elastic energy. Here, we developed a theoretical model about the competition between the binding energy increase and the elastic energy of corrugated graphene layers on TM surfaces in which all the parameters can be calculated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The agreement between the theoretical model and the experimental observations of graphene on various TM surfaces, for example, Ru(0001), Rh(111), Pt(111), and Ir(111), substantiated the applicability of this model for graphene on other TM surfaces. Moreover, the morphology of a graphene layer on an arbitrary TM surface can be theoretically predicted through simple DFT calculations based on the model. Our work thus provides a theoretical framework for the intelligent design of graphene/TM superstructures with the desired structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Screening in Graphene: Response to External Static Electric Field and an Image-Potential Problem. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061561. [PMID: 34199308 PMCID: PMC8232008 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed first-principles investigation of the response of a free-standing graphene sheet to an external perpendicular static electric field E. The charge density distribution in the vicinity of the graphene monolayer that is caused by E was determined using the pseudopotential density-functional theory approach. Different geometries were considered. The centroid of this extra density induced by an external electric field was determined as zim = 1.048 Å at vanishing E, and its dependence on E has been obtained. The thus determined zim was employed to construct the hybrid one-electron potential which generates a new set of energies for the image-potential states.
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Xu L, Wen Y, Pandit S, Mokkapati VRSS, Mijakovic I, Li Y, Ding M, Ren S, Li W, Liu G. Graphene-based biosensors for the detection of prostate cancer protein biomarkers: a review. BMC Chem 2019; 13:112. [PMID: 31508598 PMCID: PMC6720397 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, which causes approximately 10% of total cancer fatalities. The detection of protein biomarkers in body fluids is the key topic for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. Highly sensitive screening of PC is the most effective approach for reducing mortality. Thus, there are a growing number of literature that recognizes the importance of new technologies for early diagnosis of PC. Graphene is playing an important role in the biosensor field with remarkable physical, optical, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Many recent studies demonstrated the potential of graphene materials for sensitive detection of protein biomarkers. In this review, the graphene-based biosensors toward PC analysis are mainly discussed in two groups: Firstly, novel biosensor interfaces were constructed through the modification of graphene materials onto sensor surfaces. Secondly, ingenious signal amplification strategies were developed using graphene materials as catalysts or carriers. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited remarkable performance with high sensitivities, wide detection ranges, and long-term stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China.,2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanli Wen
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Santosh Pandit
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Venkata R S S Mokkapati
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- 2Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41126 Gothenburg, Sweden.,3The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yan Li
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ding
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Ren
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- 1Laboratory of Biometrory, Division of Chemistry and Ionizing Radiation Measurement Technology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
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Li G, Huang L, Xu W, Que Y, Zhang Y, Lu J, Du S, Liu Y, Gao HJ. Constructing molecular structures on periodic superstructure of graphene/Ru(0001). PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20130015. [PMID: 24615151 PMCID: PMC3949362 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We review the way to fabricate large-scale, high-quality and single crystalline graphene epitaxially grown on Ru(0001) substrate. A moiré pattern of the graphene/Ru(0001) is formed due to the lattice mismatch between graphene and Ru(0001). This superstructure gives rise to surface charge redistribution and could behave as an ordered quantum dot array, which results in a perfect template to guide the assembly of organic molecular structures. Molecules, for example iron phthalocyanine and C60, on this template show how the molecule-substrate interaction makes different superstructures. These results show the possibility of constructing ordered molecular structures on graphene/Ru(0001), which is helpful for practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yande Que
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Armbrust N, Güdde J, Jakob P, Höfer U. Time-resolved two-photon photoemission of unoccupied electronic states of periodically rippled graphene on Ru(0001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:056801. [PMID: 22400950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The unoccupied electronic states of epitaxially grown graphene on Ru(0001) have been explored by time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission. We identify a Ru derived resonance and a Ru/graphene interface state at 0.91 and 2.58 eV above the Fermi level, as well as three image-potential derived states close to the vacuum level. The most strongly bound, short-lived, and least dispersing image-potential state is suggested to have some quantum-well character with a large amplitude below the graphene hills. The two other image-potential states are attributed to a series of slightly decoupled states. Their lifetimes and dispersions are indicative of electrons moving almost freely above the valley areas of the moiré superstructure of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Armbrust
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Wang J, Xin X, Lin Z. Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals and graphene quantum dots for photovoltaics. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3040-3048. [PMID: 21713274 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10425j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots exhibit great potential for applications in next generation high efficiency, low cost solar cells because of their unique optoelectronic properties. Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) nanocrystals and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently received much attention as building blocks for use in solar energy conversion due to their outstanding properties and advantageous characteristics, including high optical absorptivity, tunable bandgap, and earth abundant chemical composition. In this Feature Article, recent advances in the synthesis and utilization of CZTS nanocrystals and colloidal GQDs for photovoltaics are highlighted, followed by an outlook on the future research efforts in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Stradi D, Barja S, Díaz C, Garnica M, Borca B, Hinarejos JJ, Sánchez-Portal D, Alcamí M, Arnau A, Vázquez de Parga AL, Miranda R, Martín F. Role of dispersion forces in the structure of graphene monolayers on Ru surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:186102. [PMID: 21635104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.186102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Elaborate density functional theory (DFT) calculations that include the effect of van der Waals (vdW) interactions have been carried out for graphene epitaxially grown on Ru(0001). The calculations predict a reduction of structural corrugation in the observed moiré pattern of about 25% (∼0.4 Å) with respect to DFT calculations without vdW corrections. The simulated STM topographies are close to the experimental ones in a wide range of bias voltage around the Fermi level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stradi
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Zhang HG, Greber T. Comment on "Potential energy landscape for hot electrons in periodically nanostructured graphene". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:219701-219702. [PMID: 21231363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.219701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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