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Abstract
Type-II Na24Si136 clathrate octahedral single crystals surrounded by {111} facets were grown by evaporating Na from a molten mixture of Na4Si4 and Na9Sn4 at 823 K for 12 h. One of the obtained single crystals was used as a seed for the following single crystal growth of the type-II clathrate using the same method. The single crystal grown on the seed maintained the octahedral shape. The weight of the crystal grown with the seed was increased from 0.6 to 30.4 mg by repeating the seeded growth and was proportional to the surface area of the seed crystal.
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Hübner JM, Prots Y, Schnelle W, Bobnar M, König M, Baitinger M, Simon P, Carrillo-Cabrera W, Ormeci A, Svanidze E, Grin Y, Schwarz U. In-Cage Interactions in the Clathrate Superconductor Sr 8 Si 46. Chemistry 2020; 26:830-838. [PMID: 31652015 PMCID: PMC7004181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clathrate I superconductor Sr8Si46 is obtained under high‐pressure high‐temperature conditions, at 5 GPa and temperatures in the range of 1273 to 1373 K. At ambient pressure, the compound decomposes upon heating at T=796(5) K into Si and SrSi2. The crystal structure of the clathrate is isotypic to that of Na8Si46. Chemical bonding analysis reveals conventional covalent bonding within the silicon network as well as additional multi‐atomic interactions between Sr and Si within the framework cages. Physical measurements indicate a bulk BCS type II superconducting state below Tc=3.8(3) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Maria Hübner
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus König
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baitinger
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Simon
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alim Ormeci
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eteri Svanidze
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Urushiyama H, Morito H, Yamane H. Single crystal growth and structure analysis of type-I (Na/Sr)-(Ga/Si) quaternary clathrates. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14586-14591. [PMID: 35516297 PMCID: PMC9064156 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01489f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Single crystals of (Na/Sr)-(Ga/Si) quaternary type-I clathrates, Na8-y Sr y Ga x Si46-x , were synthesized by evaporating Na from a mixture of Na-Sr-Ga-Si-Sn in a 6 : 0.5 : 1 : 2 : 1 molar ratio at 773 K for 12 h in an Ar atmosphere. Electron-probe microanalysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that three crystals from the same product were Na8-y Sr y Ga x Si46-x with x and y values of 7.6, 2.96; 8.4, 3.80; and 9.1, 4.08. It was also shown that increasing the Sr and Ga contents increased the electrical resistivity of the crystal from 0.34 to 1.05 mΩ cm at 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Urushiyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Metallurgy, Materials Science and Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-04 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Morito
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hisanori Yamane
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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Pabst F, Hobbis D, Alzahrani N, Wang H, Rusinov IP, Chulkov EV, Martin J, Ruck M, Nolas GS. Transport properties of topologically non-trivial bismuth tellurobromides Bi nTeBr. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2019; 126:10.1063/1.5116369. [PMID: 32189721 PMCID: PMC7079704 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent transport properties of the recently discovered layered bismuth-rich tellurobromides BinTeBr (n = 2, 3) are investigated for the first time. Dense homogeneous polycrystalline specimens prepared for different electrical and thermal measurements were synthesized by a ball milling-based process. While the calculated electronic structure classifies Bi2TeBr as a semimetal with a small electron pocket, its transport properties demonstrate a semiconductorlike behavior. Additional bismuth bilayers in the Bi3TeBr crystal structure strengthens the interlayer chemical bonding thus leading to metallic conduction. The thermal conductivity of the semiconducting compositions is low, and the electrical properties are sensitive to doping with a factor of four reduction in resistivity observed at room temperature for only 3% Pb doping. Investigation of the thermoelectric properties suggests that optimization for thermoelectrics may depend on particular elemental substitution. The results presented are intended to expand on the research into tellurohalides in order to further advance the fundamental investigation of these materials, as well as investigate their potential for thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Pabst
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Dean Hobbis
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Noha Alzahrani
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Hsin Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - I. P. Rusinov
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Chulkov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Joshua Martin
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - George S. Nolas
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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Stefanoski S, Finkelstein GJ, Ward MD, Zeng T, Wei K, Bullock ES, Beavers CM, Liu H, Nolas GS, Strobel TA. Zintl Ions within Framework Channels: The Complex Structure and Low-Temperature Transport Properties of Na 4Ge 13. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2002-2012. [PMID: 29400457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of a complex Zintl compound with the composition Na4Ge13 were synthesized for the first time using a high-pressure/high-temperature approach. Single-crystal diffraction of synchrotron radiation revealed a hexagonal crystal structure with P6/m space group symmetry that is composed of a three-dimensional sp3 Ge framework punctuated by small and large channels along the crystallographic c axis. Na atoms are inside hexagonal prism-based Ge cages along the small channels, while the larger channels are occupied by layers of disordered sixfold Na rings, which are in turn filled by disordered [Ge4]4- tetrahedra. This compound is the same as "Na1-xGe3+z" reported previously, but the availability of single crystals allowed for more complete structural determination with a formula unit best described as Na4Ge12(Ge4)0.25. The compound is the first known example of a guest-host structure where discrete Zintl polyanions are confined inside the channels of a three-dimensional covalent framework. These features give rise to temperature-dependent disorder, as confirmed by first-principles calculations and physical properties measurements. The availability of single-crystal specimens allowed for measurement of the intrinsic low-temperature transport properties of this material and revealed its semiconductor behavior, which was corroborated by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevce Stefanoski
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington, D.C. 20015, United States.,Department of Physics, Benedictine University , Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
| | - Gregory J Finkelstein
- Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Matthew D Ward
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, ON K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Kaya Wei
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Emma S Bullock
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - Christine M Beavers
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - George S Nolas
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Timothy A Strobel
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
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Binary Alkali-Metal Silicon Clathrates by Spark Plasma Sintering: Preparation and Characterization. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070593. [PMID: 28773710 PMCID: PMC5456916 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The binary intermetallic clathrates K8-xSi46 (x = 0.4; 1.2), Rb6.2Si46, Rb11.5Si136 and Cs7.8Si136 were prepared from M4Si4 (M = K, Rb, Cs) precursors by spark-plasma route (SPS) and structurally characterized by Rietveld refinement of PXRD data. The clathrate-II phase Rb11.5Si136 was synthesized for the first time. Partial crystallographic site occupancy of the alkali metals, particularly for the smaller Si20 dodecahedra, was found in all compounds. SPS preparation of Na24Si136 with different SPS current polarities and tooling were performed in order to investigate the role of the electric field on clathrate formation. The electrical and thermal transport properties of K7.6Si46 and K6.8Si46 in the temperature range 4–700 K were investigated. Our findings demonstrate that SPS is a novel tool for the synthesis of intermetallic clathrate phases that are not easily accessible by conventional synthesis techniques.
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Solid State Chemistry of Clathrate Phases: Crystal Structure, Chemical Bonding and Preparation Routes. THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF INORGANIC CLATHRATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9127-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ritchie AD, Johnson MB, Niven JF, Beekman M, Nolas GS, Gryko J, White MA. Influence of guest loading on thermal properties of NaxSi136 clathrates. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:435401. [PMID: 24096991 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/43/435401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermal properties of a series of type II clathrates of the formula NaxSi136 with 0 < x < 24 and Na guests occupying the Si cages have been investigated over the temperature range from 2 to 300 K. Heat capacity and thermal conductivity results show that the structure is remarkably responsive to the loading of Na guests. The response is phononic: the host lattice expands in a non-monotonic way, and first stiffens, then relaxes at low loading into the larger Si28 cages (x < 9), then stiffens again as the Na concentration increases further. The response is also electronic, through changes in electronic properties as additional Na is loaded into the smaller Si20 cages at high loading (x > 9). In total, the influence of the guest loading illustrates the complexities of structure-property relations in a guest-host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Veremchuk I, Wosylus A, Böhme B, Baitinger M, Borrmann H, Prots Y, Burkhardt U, Schwarz U, Grin Y. Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Clathrate-I Cs8-xGe44+y□2-y. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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