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Starzonek S, Łoś J, Rzoska SJ, Drozd-Rzoska A, Iglič A. Are Critical Fluctuations Responsible for Glass Formation? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3385. [PMID: 39063682 PMCID: PMC11278157 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic heterogeneities occurring just before the transition to the glassy phase have been named as the cause of amorphization in supercooled systems. Numerous studies conducted so far have confirmed this hypothesis, and based on it, a widely accepted solution to the puzzle of glass transition has been developed. This report focuses on verifying the existence of a strong pretransitional anomaly near the glass transition Tg. For this purpose, supercooled liquid-crystalline systems with a strong rod-like structure were selected. Based on the obtained experimental data, we demonstrate in this article that the previously postulated dynamic heterogeneities exhibit a critical characteristic, meaning a strong pretransitional anomaly can be observed with the described critical exponent α=0.5. Due to this property, it can be concluded that these heterogeneities are critical fluctuations, and consequently, the transition to the glassy state can be described based on the theory of critical phenomena. To measure the pretransitional anomaly near Tg in supercooled liquid-crystalline systems, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE) methods were applied. The exponent α provides insight into the nature and intensity of critical fluctuations in the system. A value of α=0.5 suggests that the fluctuations become increasingly intense as the system approaches the critical point, contributing to the divergence in specific heat. Understanding the role of critical fluctuations in the glass transition is crucial for innovating and improving a wide range of materials for energy storage, materials design, biomedical applications, food preservation, and environmental sustainability. These advancements can lead to materials with superior properties, optimized manufacturing processes, and applications that meet the demands of modern technology and sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Starzonek
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Joanna Łoś
- X-PressMatter Laboratory, Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Ł.); (S.J.R.); (A.D.-R.)
| | - Sylwester J. Rzoska
- X-PressMatter Laboratory, Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Ł.); (S.J.R.); (A.D.-R.)
| | - Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- X-PressMatter Laboratory, Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Ł.); (S.J.R.); (A.D.-R.)
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Nucleation and Post-Nucleation Growth in Diffusion-Controlled and Hydrodynamic Theory of Solidification. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-step nucleation and subsequent growth processes were investigated in the framework of the single mode phase-field crystal model combined with diffusive dynamics (corresponding to colloid suspensions) and hydrodynamical density relaxation (simple liquids). It is found that independently of dynamics, nucleation starts with the formation of solid precursor clusters that consist of domains with noncrystalline ordering (ringlike projections are seen from certain angles), and regions that have amorphous structure. Using the average bond order parameter q¯6, we distinguished amorphous, medium range crystallike order (MRCO), and crystalline local orders. We show that crystallization to the stable body-centered cubic phase is preceded by the formation of a mixture of amorphous and MRCO structures. We have determined the time dependence of the phase composition of the forming solid state. We also investigated the time/size dependence of the growth rate for solidification. The bond order analysis indicates similar structural transitions during solidification in the case of diffusive and hydrodynamic density relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Patyk-Kaźmierczak E, Podsiadło M, Szafrański M, Katrusiak A. Vitrification and New Phases in the Water:Pyrimidine Binary Eutectic System. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7190-7196. [PMID: 31361487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The binary diagram for pyrimidine:water mixtures has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry, in situ single-crystal, and powder X-ray diffraction experiments. The eutectic point has been located near the 1:4 n/n ratio at 234.5 K. The eutectic and nearly eutectic mixtures easily vitrify, and the vitrification could be kinetically induced for 1:3 n/n mixtures, too. Depending on the cooling rate, the 1:4 mixture freezes in the glass state, as a conglomerate of the glass and crystalline phases, or as the eutectic mixture of pyrimidine phase I and hexagonal ice Ih. When heated above 160 K, the glass phase transforms to a novel crystalline phase, tentatively identified as a pyrimidine hydrate, which in turn at ca. 200-210 K transforms into a eutectic mixture of pyrimidine phase I and hexagonal ice Ih. The pyrimidine-water binary diagram and novel crystalline and amorphous phases are relevant to the thermodynamic behavior of hydrophilic pyrimidine and its natural and synthetic derivatives in humid environments. The presently determined binary diagram can be straightforwardly applied for assessing the contents of water in highly hygroscopic pyrimidine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Patyk-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Adam Mickiewicz University , Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Marcin Podsiadło
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Adam Mickiewicz University , Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Marek Szafrański
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Adam Mickiewicz University , Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
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Lima TA, Faria LFO, Paschoal VH, Ribeiro MCC. Communication: Glass transition and melting lines of an ionic liquid. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:171101. [PMID: 29739222 DOI: 10.1063/1.5030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase diagram of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesufonyl)imide, [Pyrr1,4][NTf2], was explored by synchroton X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements as a function of temperature and pressure. Glass transition Tg(p) and melting Tm(p) temperatures were obtained from atmospheric pressure up to ca. 2.0 GPa. We found that both the Tg(p) and Tm(p) curves follow essentially the same pressure dependence. The similarity of pressure coefficients, dTg/dp ≈ dTm/dp, is explained within the non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach for the glass transition by assuming that one of the Ehrenfest equations is appropriated for Tg(p), whereas Tm(p) follows the Clausius-Clapeyron equation valid for the first-order transitions. The results highlight that ionic liquids are excellent model systems to address fundamental questions related to the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires A Lima
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F O Faria
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Paschoal
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro C C Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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Ji X, Sun Z, Ouyang W, Xu S. Crystal nucleation and metastable bcc phase in charged colloids: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:174904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5016235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenze Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shenghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lehmkühler F, Fischer B, Müller L, Ruta B, Grübel G. Structure beyond pair correlations: X-ray cross-correlation from colloidal crystals. J Appl Crystallogr 2016; 49:2046-2052. [PMID: 27980511 PMCID: PMC5139993 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716017313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of an X-ray cross-correlation analysis (XCCA) study on hard-sphere colloidal crystals and glasses are presented. The article shows that cross-correlation functions can be used to extract structural information beyond the static structure factor in such systems. In particular, the powder average can be overcome by accessing the crystals' unit-cell structure. In this case, the results suggest that the crystal is of face-centered cubic type. It is demonstrated that XCCA is a valuable tool for X-ray crystallography, in particular for studies on colloidal systems. These are typically characterized by a rather poor crystalline quality due to size polydispersity and limitations in experimental resolution because of the small q values probed. Furthermore, nontrivial correlations are observed that allow a more detailed insight into crystal structures beyond conventional crystallography, especially to extend knowledge in structure formation processes and phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Ruta
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Wang Z, Ma Z, Li L. Flow-Induced Crystallization of Polymers: Molecular and Thermodynamic Considerations. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Ozawa M, Kob W, Ikeda A, Miyazaki K. Equilibrium phase diagram of a randomly pinned glass-former. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6914-9. [PMID: 25976100 PMCID: PMC4460508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500730112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We use computer simulations to study the thermodynamic properties of a glass-former in which a fraction c of the particles has been permanently frozen. By thermodynamic integration, we determine the Kauzmann, or ideal glass transition, temperature [Formula: see text] at which the configurational entropy vanishes. This is done without resorting to any kind of extrapolation, i.e., [Formula: see text] is indeed an equilibrium property of the system. We also measure the distribution function of the overlap, i.e., the order parameter that signals the glass state. We find that the transition line obtained from the overlap coincides with that obtained from the thermodynamic integration, thus showing that the two approaches give the same transition line. Finally, we determine the geometrical properties of the potential energy landscape, notably the T- and c dependence of the saddle index, and use these properties to obtain the dynamic transition temperature [Formula: see text]. The two temperatures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cross at a finite value of c and indicate the point at which the glass transition line ends. These findings are qualitatively consistent with the scenario proposed by the random first-order transition theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Ozawa
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan; Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Walter Kob
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, University of Montpellier and CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France; and
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Kim J, Sung BJ. Dynamics and spatial correlation of voids in dense two dimensional colloids. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:014502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4885035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
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Ozawa M, Kuroiwa T, Ikeda A, Miyazaki K. Jamming transition and inherent structures of hard spheres and disks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:205701. [PMID: 23215507 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that volume fractions φ(J) at the jamming transition of frictionless hard spheres and disks are not uniquely determined but exist over a continuous range. Motivated by this observation, we numerically investigate the dependence of φ(J) on the initial configurations of the parent fluid equilibrated at a volume fraction φ(eq), before compressing to generate a jammed packing. We find that φ(J) remains constant when φ(eq) is small but sharply increases as φ(eq) exceeds the dynamic transition point which the mode-coupling theory predicts. We carefully analyze configurational properties of both jammed packings and parent fluids and find that, while all jammed packings remain isostatic, the increase of φ(J) is accompanied with subtle but distinct changes of local orders, a static length scale, and an exponent of the finite-size scaling. These results are consistent with the scenario of the random first-order transition theory of the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Ozawa
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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12
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Tanaka H. Bond orientational order in liquids: Towards a unified description of water-like anomalies, liquid-liquid transition, glass transition, and crystallization: Bond orientational order in liquids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2012; 35:113. [PMID: 23104614 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2012-12113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There are at least three fundamental states of matter, depending upon temperature and pressure: gas, liquid, and solid (crystal). These states are separated by first-order phase transitions between them. In both gas and liquid phases a complete translational and rotational symmetry exist, whereas in a solid phase both symmetries are broken. In intermediate phases between liquid and solid, which include liquid crystal and plastic crystal phases, only one of the two symmetries is preserved. Among the fundamental states of matter, the liquid state is the most poorly understood. We argue that it is crucial for a better understanding of liquids to recognize that a liquid generally has the tendency to have a local structural order and its presence is intrinsic and universal to any liquid. Such structural ordering is a consequence of many-body correlations, more specifically, bond angle correlations, which we believe are crucial for the description of the liquid state. We show that this physical picture may naturally explain difficult unsolved problems associated with the liquid state, such as anomalies of water-type liquids (water, Si, Ge, ...), liquid-liquid transition, liquid-glass transition, crystallization and quasicrystal formation, in a unified manner. In other words, we need a new order parameter representing a low local free-energy configuration, which is a bond orientational order parameter in many cases, in addition to a density order parameter for the physical description of these phenomena. Here we review our two-order-parameter model of liquid and consider how transient local structural ordering is linked to all of the above-mentioned phenomena. The relationship between these phenomena is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8505, Tokyo, Japan.
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