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Sai R, Shawish I, Nofal MM, Alghamdi EA. Impact of zinc structural on the photovoltaic Properties of iron Pyrite. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13248. [PMID: 36825185 PMCID: PMC9941955 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
F e S 2 pyrite is one of the most interesting photovoltaic materials with low-cost and natural abundance but with small band gap of 0.95 eV. In the present work, we show the feasibility of increases band gap was determined by Zinc alloying of Iron pyrite. We showed that we can increase the band gap of F e S 2 pyrite to 1.15 e V by theoretical calculation and to 1.16 e V using experimental method, by just adding a very small amount of Zinc ( 1 % ) . We prepared our samples by chemical vapor transport technic and we utilized the technic of linear muffin-tin orbital method in the atomic-sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA). The effect of Zinc alloyed Iron pyrite were examined by transmission electron micrograph TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and optical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refka Sai
- Departement de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunisia,Photovoltaic Laboratory Research and Technology Center of Energy, Borj-Cedria Science and Technology Park, BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia,Corresponding author. Departement de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunisia.
| | - Ihab Shawish
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P. O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P. O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Alghamdi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Sesé L, Mahay G, Barnig C, Guibert N, Leroy S, Guilleminault L. [Markers of severity and predictors of response to treatment in severe asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:740-757. [PMID: 36115752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disease with complex pathophysiology. Knowledge of its immunopathology and inflammatory mechanisms is progressing and has led to the development over recent years of increasingly targeted therapeutic strategies. The objective of this review is to pinpoint the different predictive markers of asthma severity and therapeutic response. Obesity, nasal polyposis, gastroesophageal reflux disease and intolerance to aspirin have all been considered as clinical markers associated with asthma severity, as have functional markers such as bronchial obstruction, low FEV1, small daily variations in FEV1, and high FeNO. While sinonasal polyposis and allergic comorbidities are associated with better response to omalizumab, nasal polyposis or long-term systemic steroid use are associated with better response to antibodies targeting the IL5 pathway. Elevated total IgE concentrations and eosinophil counts are classic biological markers regularly found in severe asthma. Blood eosinophils are predictive biomarkers of response to anti-IgE, anti-IL5, anti-IL5R and anti-IL4R biotherapies. Dupilumab is particularly effective in a subgroup of patients with marked type 2 inflammation (long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy, eosinophilia≥150/μl or FENO>20 ppb). Chest imaging may help to identify severe patients by seeking out bronchial wall thickening and bronchial dilation. Study of the patient's environment is crucial insofar as exposure to tobacco, dust mites and molds, as well as outdoor and indoor air pollutants (cleaning products), can trigger asthma exacerbation. Wider and more systematic use of markers of severity or response to treatment could foster increasingly targeted and tailored approaches to severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sesé
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - G Mahay
- Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Barnig
- INSERM, EFS BFC, LabEx LipSTIC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et allergologie respiratoire, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - N Guibert
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - S Leroy
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, CNRS UMR 7275-FHU OncoAge, service de pneumologie oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires, CHU de Nice, hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - L Guilleminault
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France; Institut Toulousain des maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires (Infinity) inserm UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051-université Toulouse III, CRISALIS F-CRIN, Toulouse, France.
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3
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Uchiyama S, Sato R, Katsube R, Islam MM, Adachi H, Sakurai T, Nose Y, Ishikawa Y. Optical and Electrical Transport Evaluations of n-Type Iron Pyrite Single Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31358-31365. [PMID: 34841179 PMCID: PMC8613854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron pyrite [cubic FeS2 (cFeS2)] is considered as an earth-abundant and low-cost thin-film photovoltaic material. However, the conversion efficiency of cFeS2-based solar cells remains below 3%. To elucidate this limitation, we evaluate the optical and electrical characteristics of cFeS2 single crystals that are grown using the flux method, thus providing us an understanding of the electron transport behavior of cFeS2 single crystals. The oxide layer on the surface of cFeS2, which can possibly have an influence on the electrical characteristics of cFeS2, is removed prior to characterization via optical spectroscopy and electrical transport measurement. The optical property of cFeS2 was found to have both indirect and direct transitions. We also observed the presence of a band tail below the conduction band. The obtained electrical transport behavior indicates that cFeS2 bulk exhibits a high defect density and a disordered phase, thus leading to the hopping conduction mechanism. Our results will pave the way for the development of photovoltaic applications with iron pyrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Uchiyama
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryoji Katsube
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto
University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Muhammad Monirul Islam
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hideaki Adachi
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Advanced
Research Division, Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8501, Japan
| | - Takeaki Sakurai
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Nose
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto
University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Ishikawa
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- College
of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin
University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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4
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Zhang MY, Jiang H. Accurate Prediction of Band Structure of FeS 2: A Hard Quest of Advanced First-Principles Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:747972. [PMID: 34650959 PMCID: PMC8506039 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.747972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrite and marcasite polymorphs of FeS2 have attracted considerable interests for their potential applications in optoelectronic devices because of their appropriate electronic and optical properties. Controversies regarding their fundamental band gaps remain in both experimental and theoretical materials research of FeS2. In this work, we present a systematic theoretical investigation into the electronic band structures of the two polymorphs by using many-body perturbation theory with the GW approximation implemented in the full-potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) framework. By comparing the quasi-particle (QP) band structures computed with the conventional LAPW basis and the one extended by high-energy local orbitals (HLOs), denoted as LAPW + HLOs, we find that one-shot or partially self-consistent GW (G 0 W 0 and GW 0, respectively) on top of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation with a converged LAPW + HLOs basis is able to remedy the artifact reported in the previous GW calculations, and leads to overall good agreement with experiment for the fundamental band gaps of the two polymorphs. Density of states calculated from G 0 W 0@PBE with the converged LAPW + HLOs basis agrees well with the energy distribution curves from photo-electron spectroscopy for pyrite. We have also investigated the performances of several hybrid functionals, which were previously shown to be able to predict band gaps of many insulating systems with accuracy close or comparable to GW. It is shown that the hybrid functionals considered in general fail badly to describe the band structures of FeS2 polymorphs. This work indicates that accurate prediction of electronic band structure of FeS2 poses a stringent test on state-of-the-art first-principles approaches, and the G 0 W 0 method based on semi-local approximation performs well for this difficult system if it is practiced with well-converged numerical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Riju Khandaker M, Kamruzzaman M, Afrose R, Rahman M, Khan MKR, Liton MNH, Helal MA, Anam TK, Rahman MM. Enhanced Optical Properties of FeS2 Using Ni@Cu Doping and Characterization of the Structural and Chemical Compositions for Solar Cell Applications. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774520060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rahman M, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Edvinsson T. On the Mechanistic Understanding of Photovoltage Loss in Iron Pyrite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905653. [PMID: 32424936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the natural abundance, the optoelectronic properties, and the electricity production cost, iron pyrite (FeS2 ) has a strong appeal as a solar cell material. The maximum conversion efficiency of FeS2 solar cells demonstrated to date, however, is below 3%, which is significantly below the theoretical efficiency limit of 25%. This poor conversion efficiency is mainly the result of the poor photovoltage, which has never exceeded 0.2 V with a device having appreciable photocurrent. Several studies have explored the origin of the low photovoltage in FeS2 solar cells, and have improved understanding of the photovoltage loss mechanisms. Fermi level pinning, surface inversion, ionization of bulk donor states, and photocarrier loss have been suggested as the underlying reasons for the photovoltage loss in FeS2 . Given the past and more recent scientific data, together with contradictory results to some extent, it is timely to discuss these mechanisms to give an updated view of the present status and remaining challenges. Herein, the current understanding of the origin of low photovoltage in FeS2 solar cells is critically reviewed, preceded by a succinct discussion on the electronic structure and optoelectronic properties. Finally, suggestions of a few research directions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 20, Sweden
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden
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Farag AAM, Roushdy N, Halim SA, El-Gohary NM, Ibrahim MA, Said S. Synthesis, molecular, electronic structure, linear and non-linear optical and phototransient properties of 8-methyl-1,2-dihydro-4H-chromeno[2,3-b]quinoline-4,6(3H)-dione (MDCQD): Experimental and DFT investigations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:478-490. [PMID: 29091907 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Base catalysed ring opening ring closure (RORC) reaction of 6-methylchromone-3‑carbonitrile (1) with 1,3-cyclohexanedione afforded 8-methyl-1,2-dihydro-4H-chromeno[2,3-b]quinoline-4,6(3H)-dione (MDCQD). Theoretical calculations by Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory was utilized to illustrate the equilibrium geometries of MDCQD. Also, the nonlinear optical properties, simple harmonic vibrational frequencies, thermo-chemical parameters and Mullikan atomic charges were calculated. In addition, the electronic absorption spectra in polar and non polar solvents were discussed on the basis of TD-DFT calculations. A nanofiber-like structure with high aggregation was resolved by using scanning electron microscopy images and its particle sizes were measured by particle size analyzer. The spectroscopic characteristics of the prepared thin film of MDCQD were studied in a wide spectral range of 200-2500nm. The analysis of the absorption edges affords two direct optical band gaps with energies of 1.00 and 2.76eV. A characteristic emission peak of photoluminescence spectrum in the visible region was detected and has a red-shift as a result of solvent polarity. The MDCQD film based heterojunction showed rectification behavior and diode-like characteristics. The photovoltaic characteristics under illumination of 100mW/cm2 were studied. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current were found to be 0.22V and 4.25×10-7A/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the prepared heterojunction showed remarkable phototransient characteristics which afford the probability for the operation as a photodiode.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Farag
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia; Thin film laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - N Roushdy
- Electronics Materials Dep. Advanced Technology& New Materials Research Inst., City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdel Halim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, 11711, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser M El-Gohary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, 11711, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, 11711, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, 11711, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Subedi I, Bhandari KP, Ellingson RJ, Podraza NJ. Near infrared to ultraviolet optical properties of bulk single crystal and nanocrystal thin film iron pyrite. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:295702. [PMID: 27285310 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/29/295702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report optical properties of iron pyrite (FeS2) determined from ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements made on both a commercially available bulk single crystal and nanocrystalline thin film over a spectral range of 0.735-5.887 eV. The complex dielectric function, ε (E) = ε 1 (E) + iε 2 (E), spectra have been determined by fitting a layered parametric model to the ellipsometric measurements. Spectra in ε are modeled using a Kramers-Kronig consistent critical point parabolic band model involving seven critical points for the bulk single crystal and four critical points for the nanocrystalline film. Absorption coefficient spectra for both types of samples are also determined from ε. Critical point features in the nanocrystalline films are broader, have lower amplitude and lower energy critical points detected having a small blue shift when compared to the single crystal sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Subedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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9
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Shukla S, Xing G, Ge H, Prabhakar RR, Mathew S, Su Z, Nalla V, Venkatesan T, Mathews N, Sritharan T, Sum TC, Xiong Q. Origin of Photocarrier Losses in Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Nanocubes. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4431-4440. [PMID: 26962638 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron pyrite has received significant attention due to its high optical absorption. However, the loss of open circuit voltage (Voc) prevents its further application in photovoltaics. Herein, we have studied the photophysics of pyrite by ultrafast laser spectroscopy to understand fundamental limitation of low Voc by quantifying photocarrier losses in high quality, stoichiometric, and phase pure {100} faceted pyrite nanocubes. We found that fast carrier localization of photoexcited carriers to indirect band edge and shallow trap states is responsible for major carrier loss. Slow relaxation component reflects high density of defects within the band gap which is consistent with the observed Mott-variable range hopping (VRH) conduction from transport measurements. Magnetic measurements strikingly show the magnetic ordering associated with phase inhomogeneity, such as FeS2-δ (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1). This implies that improvement of iron pyrite solar cell performance lies in mitigating the intrinsic defects (such as sulfur vacancies) by blocking the fast carrier localization process. Photocarrier generation and relaxation model is presented by comprehensive analysis. Our results provide insight into possible defects that induce midgap states and facilitate rapid carrier relaxation before collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sinu Mathew
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576, Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhenghua Su
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Venkatram Nalla
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Thirumalai Venkatesan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576, Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | | | | | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
- NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Centre of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Herbert F, Krishnamoorthy A, Ma W, Van Vliet K, Yildiz B. Dynamics of point defect formation, clustering and pit initiation on the pyrite surface. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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