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Montes-Campos H, Rivera-Pousa A, Méndez-Morales T. Density functional theory of alkali metals at the IL/graphene electrochemical interface. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:014706. [PMID: 34998333 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of charge transfer between metal ions and graphene in the presence of an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) is investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. For that purpose, two different comparisons are established: (i) the behavior of Li+ and K+ when adsorbed onto the basal plane of graphene and (ii) the differences between Li+ approaching the carbon surface from the basal plane and being intercalated through the edge plane of trilayer graphene. In the first case, it is found that the metal ions must overcome high energy barriers due to their interaction with the ionic liquid before reaching an equilibrium position close to the interface. In addition, no significant charge transfer between any of the metals and graphene takes place until very close energetically unfavorable distances. The second configuration shows that Li+ has no equilibrium position in the proximity of the interface but instead has an equilibrium position when it is inside the electrode for which it has to cross an energy barrier. In this case, the formation of a LiC12 complex is observed since the charge transfer at the equilibrium distance is achieved to a considerable extent. Thus, the interfacial charge transfer resistance on the electrode in energy devices based on ionic liquids clearly depends not only on the binding of the ionic liquid to the metal cations and their ability to form a dense solvation shell around them but also on the surface topography and its effect on the ion packing on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Montes-Campos
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Rivera-Pousa
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Méndez-Morales
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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2
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Natural-based chiral task-specific deep eutectic solvents: A novel, effective tool for enantiodiscrimination in electroanalysis. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Voroshylova IV, Ers H, Koverga V, Docampo-Álvarez B, Pikma P, Ivaništšev VB, Cordeiro M. Ionic liquid–metal interface: The origins of capacitance peaks. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Grecchi S, Ferdeghini C, Longhi M, Mezzetta A, Guazzelli L, Khawthong S, Arduini F, Chiappe C, Iuliano A, Mussini PR. Chiral Biobased Ionic Liquids with Cations or Anions including Bile Acid Building Blocks as Chiral Selectors in Voltammetry. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Claudio Ferdeghini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università degli Studi di Pisa Via Bonanno 33 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Mariangela Longhi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università degli Studi di Pisa Via Bonanno 33 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università degli Studi di Pisa Via Bonanno 33 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Siriwat Khawthong
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università di Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Cinzia Chiappe
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università degli Studi di Pisa Via Bonanno 33 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università degli Studi di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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Electrochemical impedimetric biosensors, featuring the use of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs): Special focus on non-faradaic sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 177:112940. [PMID: 33444897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in the field of biosensing technology. With the rising demand for personalized healthcare and health management tools, electrochemical sensors are proving to be reliable solutions; specifically, impedimetric sensors are gaining considerable attention primarily due to their ability to perform label-free sensing. The novel approach of using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) to improve the sensitivity and stability of these detection systems makes long-term continuous sensing feasible towards a wide range of sensing applications, predominantly biosensing. Through this review, we aim to provide an update on current scientific progress in using impedimetric biosensing combined with RTILs for the development of sensitive biosensing platforms. This review also summarizes the latest trends in the field of biosensing and provides an update on the current challenges that remain unsolved.
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Voroshylova IV, Ers H, Docampo-Álvarez B, Pikma P, Ivaništšev VB, Cordeiro MNDS. Hysteresis in the MD Simulations of Differential Capacitance at the Ionic Liquid-Au Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10408-10413. [PMID: 33253582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report the first observation of the capacitance-potential hysteresis at the ionic liquid | electrode interface in atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. While modeling the differential capacitance dependence on the potential scan direction, we detected two long-living types of interfacial structure for the BMImPF6 ionic liquid at specific charge densities of the gold Au(111) surface. These structures differ in how counterions overscreen the surface charge. The high barrier for the transition from one structure to another slows down the interfacial restructuring process and leads to the marked capacitance-potential hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia V Voroshylova
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Heigo Ers
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | | | - Piret Pikma
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | | | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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7
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Katakura S, Amano KI, Sakka T, Bu W, Lin B, Schlossman ML, Nishi N. Evolution and Reversible Polarity of Multilayering at the Ionic Liquid/Water Interface. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6412-6419. [PMID: 32600035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly correlated positioning of ions underlies Coulomb interactions between ions and electrified interfaces within dense ionic fluids such as biological cells and ionic liquids. Recent work has shown that highly correlated ionic systems behave differently than dilute electrolyte solutions, and interest is focused upon characterizing the electrical and structural properties of the dense electrical double layers (EDLs) formed at internal interfaces. It has been a challenge for experiments to characterize the progressive development of the EDL on the nanoscale as the interfacial electric potential is varied over a range of positive and negative values. Here we address this challenge by measuring X-ray reflectivity from the interface between an ionic liquid (IL) and a dilute aqueous electrolyte solution over a range of interfacial potentials from -450 to 350 mV. The growth of alternately charged cation-rich and anion-rich layers was observed along with a polarity reversal of the layers as the potential changed sign. These data show that the structural development of an ionic multilayer-like EDL with increasing potential is similar to that suggested by phenomenological theories and MD simulations, although our data also reveal that the excess charge beyond the first ionic layer decays more rapidly than predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Katakura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Amano
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Bu
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mark L Schlossman
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Voroshylova IV, Lembinen M, Ers H, Mišin M, Koverga VA, Pereira CM, Ivaništšev VB, Cordeiro MND. On the role of the surface charge plane position at Au(hkl)–BMImPF6 interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nakamura I, Shock CJ, Eggart L, Gao T. Theoretical Aspects of Ionic Liquids for Soft‐Matter Sciences. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Issei Nakamura
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Cameron J. Shock
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Lisa Eggart
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
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NaRIBaS—A Scripting Framework for Computational Modeling of Nanomaterials and Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Bulk and Slab. COMPUTATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/computation6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational modeling is more and more often used in studies of novel ionic liquids. The inevitable side-effect is the growing number of similar computations that require automation. This article introduces NaRIBaS (Nanomaterials and Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Bulk and Slab)—a scripting framework that combines bash scripts with computational codes to ease modeling of nanomaterials and ionic liquids in bulk and slab. NaRIBaS helps to organize and document all input and output data, thus, improving the reproducibility of computations. Three examples are given to illustrate the NaRIBaS workflows for density functional theory (DFT) calculations of ionic pairs, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bulk ionic liquids (ILs), and MD simulations of ILs at an interface.
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Xu K, Lin Z, Merlet C, Taberna PL, Miao L, Jiang J, Simon P. Tracking Ionic Rearrangements and Interpreting Dynamic Volumetric Changes in Two-Dimensional Metal Carbide Supercapacitors: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1892-1899. [PMID: 29211947 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a molecular dynamics simulation study achieved on two-dimensional (2D) Ti3 C2 Tx MXenes in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM]+ [TFSI]- ) electrolyte. Our simulations reproduce the different patterns of volumetric change observed experimentally for both the negative and positive electrodes. The analysis of ionic fluxes and structure rearrangements in the 2D material provide an atomic scale insight into the charge and discharge processes in the layer pore and confirm the existence of two different charge-storage mechanisms at the negative and positive electrodes. The ionic number variation and the structure rearrangement contribute to the dynamic volumetric changes of both electrodes: negative electrode expansion and positive electrode contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xu
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P.R. China
- FR CNRS 3459, Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Zifeng Lin
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- FR CNRS 3459, Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Céline Merlet
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- FR CNRS 3459, Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Taberna
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- FR CNRS 3459, Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Ling Miao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Patrice Simon
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- FR CNRS 3459, Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
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Amano KI, Hayashi T, Hashimoto K, Nishi N, Sakka T. Potential of mean force between spherical particles in an ionic liquid and its decomposition into energetic and entropic components: An analysis using an integral equation theory. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Rizzo S, Arnaboldi S, Cirilli R, Gennaro A, Isse AA, Sannicolò F, Mussini PR. An “inherently chiral” 1,1′-bibenzimidazolium additive for enantioselective voltammetry in ionic liquid media. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Yin L, Chen P, Wang Y, Yan T. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the capacitance of ionic liquid–acetonitrile electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Lucio AJ, Shaw SK. Capacitive hysteresis at the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate-polycrystalline gold interface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4575-4586. [PMID: 29492622 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report potential-dependent capacitance curves over a 2-V potential range for the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate (Emim FAP)-polycrystalline gold interface, and examine the effect of potential scan direction on results. We find very small levels of capacitive hysteresis in the Emim FAP-polycrystalline Au electrochemical system, where capacitance curves show minor dependence on the potential scan direction employed. This is a considerably different response than that reported for the Emim FAP-Au(111) interface where significant hysteresis is observed based on the potential scan direction (Drüschler et al. in J Phys Chem C 115 (14):6802-6808, 2011). Hysteresis effects have previously been suggested to be a general feature of an ionic liquid (IL) at electrified interfaces due to slow interfacial processes and has been demonstrated for numerous electrochemical systems. We provide new evidence that the experimental procedure used to acquire capacitance data and data workup could also have implications on capacitance-potential relationships in ILs. This work serves to progress our understanding of the nature of capacitive hysteresis at the IL-electrode interface. Graphical abstract Subtle changes in experimental methods can lead to significantly different capacitance measurements in ionic liquids. Which is the best approach?
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Lucio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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17
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Sitaputra W, Stacchiola D, Wishart JF, Wang F, Sadowski JT. In Situ Probing of Ion Ordering at an Electrified Ionic Liquid/Au Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606357. [PMID: 28498642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport at the interface of electrodes and ionic liquids is critical for the use of the latter as electrolytes. A room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMMIM TFSI), is investigated in situ under applied bias voltage with a novel method using low-energy electron and photoemission electron microscopy. Changes in photoelectron yield as a function of bias applied to electrodes provide a direct measure of the dynamics of ion reconfiguration and electrostatic responses of the EMMIM TFSI. Long-range and correlated ionic reconfigurations that occur near the electrodes are found to be a function of temperature and thickness, which, in turn, relate to ionic mobility and different configurations for out-of-plane ordering near the electrode interfaces, with a critical transition in ion mobility for films thicker than three monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattaka Sitaputra
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Dario Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jerzy T Sadowski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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18
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Nishi N, Yasui S, Hashimoto A, Sakka T. Anion dependence of camel-shape capacitance at the interface between mercury and ionic liquids studied using pendant drop method. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Petach TA, Mehta A, Marks R, Johnson B, Toney MF, Goldhaber-Gordon D. Voltage-Controlled Interfacial Layering in an Ionic Liquid on SrTiO3. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4565-4569. [PMID: 26959226 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One prominent structural feature of ionic liquids near surfaces is formation of alternating layers of anions and cations. However, how this layering responds to an applied potential is poorly understood. We focus on the structure of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate (BMPY-FAP) near the surface of a strontium titanate (SrTiO3) electric double-layer transistor. Using X-ray reflectivity, we show that at positive bias the individual layers in the ionic liquid double layer thicken and the layering persists further away from the interface. We model the reflectivity using a modified distorted crystal model with alternating cation and anion layers, which allows us to extract the charge density and the potential near the surface. We find that the charge density is strongly oscillatory with and without applied potential and that with an applied gate bias of 4.5 V the first two layers become significantly more cation rich than at zero bias, accumulating about 2.5 × 10(13) cm(-2) excess charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Petach
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Apurva Mehta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ronald Marks
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Bart Johnson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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Costa R, Pereira CM, Fernando Silva A. Structural ordering transitions in ionic liquids mixtures. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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