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Warburton RE, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical Modeling of Electrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10599-10650. [PMID: 35230812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays an essential role in a wide range of electrocatalytic processes. A vast array of theoretical and computational methods have been developed to study electrochemical PCET. These methods can be used to calculate redox potentials and pKa values for molecular electrocatalysts, proton-coupled redox potentials and bond dissociation free energies for PCET at metal and semiconductor interfaces, and reorganization energies associated with electrochemical PCET. Periodic density functional theory can also be used to compute PCET activation energies and perform molecular dynamics simulations of electrochemical interfaces. Various approaches for maintaining a constant electrode potential in electronic structure calculations and modeling complex interactions in the electric double layer (EDL) have been developed. Theoretical formulations for both homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical PCET spanning the adiabatic, nonadiabatic, and solvent-controlled regimes have been developed and provide analytical expressions for the rate constants and current densities as functions of applied potential. The quantum mechanical treatment of the proton and inclusion of excited vibronic states have been shown to be critical for describing experimental data, such as Tafel slopes and potential-dependent kinetic isotope effects. The calculated rate constants can be used as input to microkinetic models and voltammogram simulations to elucidate complex electrocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Warburton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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2
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Yang JJ, Liu XY, Fang WH, Xiao D, Cui G. Photoinduced Carrier Dynamics at the Interface of Black Phosphorus and Bismuth Vanadate. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10019-10029. [PMID: 31661964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures of black phosphorus (BP)/bismuth vanadate (BVO) have attracted much attention due to their potential uses in photocatalytic water splitting. However, the interfacial photoinduced electron- and hole-transfer dynamics are not explored computationally. Herein, we have used density functional theory (DFT) calculations and DFT-based fewest-switches surface-hopping dynamics simulations to investigate the light-driven electron and hole dynamics taking place at the interface of BP and the BVO(010) surface. Our results show that the BP monolayer is adsorbed on BVO(010) via van der Waals interaction. Upon irradiation, the electron transfer takes place from BP to BVO(010) within 500 fs but with two distinct processes. In the first phase, the electron transfer proceeds adiabatically and is mainly driven by atomic motions. In the second phase, the electron transfer decays very slowly. The hole-transfer dynamics from BVO(010) to BP exhibits a similar ultrafast decay in the first stage followed by a slow decay; however, there is a comparable amount of hole trapped in a BP state due to a large energy gap from its higher state. These insights may be useful for the design of novel photocatalytic water-splitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of New Haven , 300 Boston Post Road , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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Xu M, Liu Y, Song K, Shi Q. A non-perturbative approach to simulate heterogeneous electron transfer dynamics: Effective mode treatment of the continuum electronic states. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044109. [PMID: 30709251 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a non-perturbative method to simulate heterogeneous electron transfer dynamics in systems described by a Newns-Anderson type of model. The coupling between the molecule and the continuum electronic states at the metal or semiconductor surface is represented using a set of effective modes, by employing an exponential expansion of the bath correlation functions. Depending on the nature of the problems, the nuclear degrees of freedom are either treated explicitly using wave functions and density operators or as dissipative modes using the techniques from the hierarchical equations of the motion method. Numerical examples are also presented for applications in problems including (1) photo-induced charge transfer at the molecule-semiconductor interfaces, (2) heterogeneous electron transfer at the molecule-metal interface, and (3) vibrational relaxation on a metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Richings GW, Robertson C, Habershon S. Improved on-the-Fly MCTDH Simulations with Many-Body-Potential Tensor Decomposition and Projection Diabatization. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:857-870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W. Richings
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Christopher Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Scott Habershon
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
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Staniszewska M, Kupfer S, Guthmuller J. Theoretical Investigation of the Electron-Transfer Dynamics and Photodegradation Pathways in a Hydrogen-Evolving Ruthenium-Palladium Photocatalyst. Chemistry 2018; 24:11166-11176. [PMID: 29768683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory calculations combined with the Marcus theory of electron transfer (ET) were applied on the molecular photocatalyst [(tbbpy)2 Ru(tpphz)PdCl2 ]2+ in order to elucidate the light-induced relaxation pathways populated upon excitation in the longer wavelength range of its absorption spectrum. The computational results show that after the initial excitation, metal (Ru) to ligand (tpphz) charge transfer (MLCT) triplet states are energetically accessible, but that an ET toward the catalytic center (PdCl2 ) from these states is a slow process, with estimated time constants above 1 ns. Instead, the calculations predict that low-lying Pd-centered states are efficiently populated-associated to an energy transfer toward the catalytic center. Thus, it is postulated that these states lead to the dissociation of a Cl- and are consequently responsible for the experimentally observed degradation of the catalytic center. Following dissociation, it is shown that the ET rates from the MLCT states to the charge separated states are significantly increased (i.e. 104 -106 times larger). This demonstrates that alteration of the catalytic center generates efficient charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Staniszewska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Prucker V, Bockstedte M, Thoss M, Coto PB. Dynamical simulation of electron transfer processes in self-assembled monolayers at metal surfaces using a density matrix approach. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Prucker
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Bockstedte
- Department Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Thoss
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P. B. Coto
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Ouyang W, Subotnik JE. The dynamics of charge transfer with and without a barrier: A very simplified model of cyclic voltammetry. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:174103. [PMID: 28477614 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the Anderson-Holstein model, we investigate charge transfer dynamics between a molecule and a metal surface for two extreme cases. (i) With a large barrier, we show that the dynamics follow a single exponential decay as expected; (ii) without any barrier, we show that the dynamics are more complicated. On the one hand, if the metal-molecule coupling is small, single exponential dynamics persist. On the other hand, when the coupling between the metal and the molecule is large, the dynamics follow a biexponential decay. We analyze the dynamics using the Smoluchowski equation, develop a simple model, and explore the consequences of biexponential dynamics for a hypothetical cyclic voltammetry experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvanian 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvanian 19104, USA
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Wang H, Thoss M. Employing an interaction picture to remove artificial correlations in multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree simulations. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, USA
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058, Germany
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High JS, Rego LGC, Jakubikova E. Quantum Dynamics Simulations of Excited State Energy Transfer in a Zinc–Free-Base Porphyrin Dyad. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8075-8084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judah S. High
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luis G. C. Rego
- Department
of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Ouyang W, Dou W, Jain A, Subotnik JE. Dynamics of Barrier Crossings for the Generalized Anderson–Holstein Model: Beyond Electronic Friction and Conventional Surface Hopping. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4178-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amber Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Akimov AV, Prezhdo OV. Theory of solar energy materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:130301. [PMID: 25767045 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/13/130301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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