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Abstract
With advancements in biological and engineering sciences, the definition of an ideal biomaterial has evolved over the past 50 years from a substance that is inert to one that has select bioinductive properties and integrates well with adjacent host tissue. Biomaterials are a fundamental component of tissue engineering, which aims to replace diseased, damaged, or missing tissue with reconstructed functional tissue. Most biomaterials are less than satisfactory for pediatric patients because the scaffold must adapt to the growth and development of the surrounding tissues and organs over time. The pediatric community, therefore, provides a distinct challenge for the tissue engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bridgeside Point 2, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bridgeside Point 2, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Ventre M, Causa F, Netti PA. Determinants of cell-material crosstalk at the interface: towards engineering of cell instructive materials. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:2017-32. [PMID: 22753785 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel biomaterials able to control cell activities and direct their fate is warranted for engineering functional biological tissues, advanced cell culture systems, single-cell diagnosis as well as for cell sorting and differentiation. It is well established that crosstalk at the cell-material interface occurs and this has a profound influence on cell behaviour. However, the complete deciphering of the cell-material communication code is still far away. A variety of material surface properties have been reported to affect the strength and the nature of the cell-material interactions, including biological cues, topography and mechanical properties. Novel experimental evidence bears out the hypothesis that these three different signals participate in the same material-cytoskeleton crosstalk pathway via adhesion plaque formation dynamics. In this review, we present the relevant findings on material-induced cell response along with the description of cell behaviour when exposed to arrays of signals-biochemical, topographical and mechanical. Finally, with the aid of literature data, we attempt to draw unifying elements of the material-cytoskeleton-cell fate chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ventre
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia and Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Seehuber A, Schmidt D, Dahint R. Poly(acrylic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) layers on positively charged surface coatings: molecular structure, protein resistance, and application to single protein deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8700-8710. [PMID: 22571171 DOI: 10.1021/la2050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new copolymer (PAA-PEG2000) has been designed, consisting of a negatively charged poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) backbone to which poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains with a molecular weight of about 2 kDa were grafted in a molecular ratio of 3:10. It readily adsorbs to positively charged surfaces and may be considered to be the anionic counterpart of PEG-grafted poly(l-lysine) (PLL-PEG), which was first described by Kenausis et al. and is widely used to render negatively charged surfaces protein-resistant. The synthesis of PAA-PEG2000 can be carried out in aqueous solution at room temperature and does not require any sophisticated techniques such as handling in an inert gas atmosphere. Using ellipsometry and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), the film structure has been carefully analyzed for copolymer adsorption onto three different positively charged surfaces, namely, thin layers of poly(allylamine) (PAH), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). Besides the film thickness, the conformation of the PEG chains and their orientation with respect to the surface normal appear to be important parameters for the protein resistance of the films. Although PAA-PEG2000 adsorbed to PAH and PEI renders the surfaces inert, only partial protein resistance has been observed if the copolymer is deposited on APTES. In a model application, we have generated heterogeneous surfaces composed of isolated small Au nanoparticles (AuNP's) embedded in a protein-resistant layer of PAA-PEG2000 and demonstrated that the AuNP's can serve as adsorption sites for single protein species. In the future, these nanopatterned surfaces may be used for the investigation of isolated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Seehuber
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rajyalakshmi A, Ercan B, Balasubramanian K, Webster TJ. Reduced adhesion of macrophages on anodized titanium with select nanotube surface features. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1765-71. [PMID: 21980239 PMCID: PMC3184936 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the important prerequisites for a successful orthopedic implant apart from being osteoconductive is the elicitation of a favorable immune response that does not lead to the rejection of the implant by the host tissue. Anodization is one of the simplest surface modification processes used to create nanotextured and nanotubular features on metal oxides which has been shown to improve bone formation. Anodization of titanium (Ti) leads to the formation of TiO2 nanotubes on the surface, and the presence of these nanotubes mimics the natural nanoscale features of bone, which in turn contributes to improved bone cell attachment, migration, and proliferation. However, inflammatory cell responses on anodized Ti remains to be tested. It is hypothesized that surface roughness and surface feature size on anodized Ti can be carefully manipulated to control immune cell (specifically, macrophages) responses. Here, when Ti samples were anodized at 10 V in the presence of 1% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 1 minute, nanotextured (nonnanotube) surfaces were created. When anodization of Ti samples was carried out with 1% HF for 10 minutes at 15 V, nanotubes with 40–50 nm diameters were formed, whereas at 20 V with 1% HF for 10 minutes, nanotubes with 60–70 nm diameters were formed. In this study, a reduced density of macrophages was observed after 24 hours of culture on nanotextured and nanotubular Ti samples which were anodized at 10, 15, and 20 V, compared with conventional unmodified Ti samples. This in vitro study thus demonstrated a reduced density of macrophages on anodized Ti, thereby providing further evidence of the greater efficacy of anodized Ti for orthopedic applications.
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Park S, Frey W. Polymer nanogels grafted from nanopatterned surfaces studied by AFM force spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8956-8966. [PMID: 21675795 DOI: 10.1021/la2011953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanopatterned cross-linked polymers are important for applications with controlled mechanical properties. Grafted linear and cross-linked polydimethylacrylamide gels on micro- and nanopatterns were created using iniferter-driven quasi-living radical polymerization combined with conventional photolithography and nanosphere lithography. Micropatterned linear polymers reproduce the expected scaling behavior at moderate grafting density. The addition of cross-linker to the polymerization solution leads to an increased tendency of early termination as determined by AFM force spectroscopy. Similarly, nanopatterned linear polymers show reduced thickness in agreement with the expected scaling relationship for nanoisland grafts that have reduced lateral confinement. The addition of cross-linker reintroduces some of the lateral confinement for the length of polymers reported here. The mechanical properties of both the micro- and nanopatterned linear as well as cross-linked polymers were analyzed using an algorithm to objectively determine the contact point in AFM force spectroscopy and two independent Hertz-based analysis approaches. The obtained Young's moduli are close to those expected for homogeneous thick polymer films and are independent of pattern size. Our results demonstrate that polymeric nanopillars with controlled elastic modulus can be fabricated using irreversible cross-linkers. They also highlight some of the factors that must be considered for successful fabrication of grafted nanopillars of defined mechanical and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeun Park
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Lundgren A, Hed Y, Öberg K, Sellborn A, Fink H, Löwenhielm P, Kelly J, Malkoch M, Berglin M. Self-Assembled Arrays of Dendrimer-Gold-Nanoparticle Hybrids for Functional Cell Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lundgren A, Hed Y, Öberg K, Sellborn A, Fink H, Löwenhielm P, Kelly J, Malkoch M, Berglin M. Self-Assembled Arrays of Dendrimer-Gold-Nanoparticle Hybrids for Functional Cell Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3450-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stoltenberg RM, Liu C, Bao Z. Selective surface chemistry using alumina nanoparticles generated from block copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:445-451. [PMID: 21133369 DOI: 10.1021/la104094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Developing orthogonal surface chemistry techniques that perform at the nanoscale is key to achieving precise control over molecular patterning on surfaces. We report the formation and selective functionalization of alumina nanoparticle arrays generated from block copolymer templates. This new material provides an alternative to gold for orthogonal surface chemistry at the nanometer scale. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm these particles show excellent selectivity over silica for phosphonic and carboxylic acid adsorption. As this is the first reported synthesis of alumina nanoparticles from block copolymer templates, characterizations via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy are presented. Reproducible formation of alumina nanoparticles was dependent on a counterintuitive synthetic step wherein a small amount of water is added to an anhydrous toluene solution of block copolymer and aluminum chloride. The oxidation environment of the aluminum in these particles, as measured by Auger electron spectroscopy, is similar to that of native aluminum oxide and alumina grown by atomic layer deposition. This discovery expands the library of available surface chemistries for nanoscale molecular patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall M Stoltenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Micro- and nanotechnologies for intelligent and responsive biomaterial-based medical systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1391-401. [PMID: 19758574 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in medical treatments of a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions require the development of better therapeutic agents, as well as a combination of the required therapeutic agents with device-integrated biomaterials that can serve as sensors and carriers. Combination of micro- and nano-fabricated systems with intelligent biomaterials that have the ability to sense and respond is a promising avenue for the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic medical systems. Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMs and NEMs) are now becoming a family of potentially powerful new technologies for drug delivery, diagnostic tools, and tissue engineering. Improvements in micro- and nano-fabrication technologies have enhanced the ability to create better performing therapeutic systems for numerous pathophysiological applications. More importantly, MEMS- and NEMS-based tissue regeneration scaffolds, biosensors, and drug delivery devices provide new opportunities to mimic the natural intelligence and response of biological systems.
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Kim MR, Heo SY, Jang DJ. Nanopattern transfer and wettability modification of regularly structured metallic and polymeric surfaces with replication. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 339:217-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pollheimer PD, Kastner M, Ebner A, Blaas D, Hinterdorfer P, Gruber HJ, Howorka S. Receptor Arrays for the Selective and Efficient Capturing of Viral Particles. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:466-75. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800357j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp D. Pollheimer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria, Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, 4020 Linz, Austria, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kastner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria, Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, 4020 Linz, Austria, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria, Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, 4020 Linz, Austria, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Blaas
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria, Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, 4020 Linz, Austria, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria, Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, 4020 Linz, Austria, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hermann J. Gruber
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria, Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, 4020 Linz, Austria, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria, Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Upper Austrian Research GmbH, 4020 Linz, Austria, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Chang Y, Huang S, Chen Y. Biomolecular nanopatterning by electrophoretic printing lithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:63-66. [PMID: 19016496 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chang
- Biomedical Engineering Inter-Departmental Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Huang S, Schopf E, Chen Y. Dynamically configurable biomolecular nanoarrays. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:3116-21. [PMID: 17887717 DOI: 10.1021/nl071643g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarrays of distinct DNA and protein biomolecules were fabricated by electrochemically controlling their assembly/release from Au nanoelectrodes on a chip. The surface density, ratio, and activity of the biomolecules assembled on each nanoelectrode in the array can be configured quantitatively and temporally by adjusting the electrochemical potential applied on the nanoelectrode. The dynamically configurable biomolecular nanoarray can potentially activate combinatorial interactions with microbiosystems under the control of an electronic circuit for biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxian Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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