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Halwai K, Khanna S, Gupta G, Wahab S, Khalid M, Kesharwani P. Folate-conjugated carbon nanotubes as a promising therapeutic approach for targeted cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39141661 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2393423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Conventional systemic cancer therapy often causes numerous adverse events. However, discovering overexpressed folate receptors in solid tumours has paved the way for targeted chemotherapy. Folic acid (FA), a ligand for these receptors, is frequently combined with chemotherapeutic drugs to improve their effectiveness. Carbon nanotubes have emerged as a versatile and promising method for delivering these folate-conjugated nano-systems, ensuring targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cancerous cells. When FA-conjugated nanotubes dissociate, they release the drug-loaded nanotubes inside the malignant cells, reducing off-target effects. These nanotubes can also be used for combination therapies, producing synergistic effects. This review aims to comprehensively gather and critically evaluate the latest methods for delivering therapeutics using FA-conjugated nanovehicles. Additionally, it seeks to enhance our comprehension of the pertinent chemistry and biochemical pathways involved in this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kratika Halwai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Suruchi Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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2
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Mezzasalma SA, Grassi L, Grassi M. Physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in view of mechanistic neuroscience investigations. Some outlook from condensed matter, materials science and physical chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112480. [PMID: 34857266 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The open border between non-living and living matter, suggested by increasingly emerging fields of nanoscience interfaced to biological systems, requires a detailed knowledge of nanomaterials properties. An account of the wide spectrum of phenomena, belonging to physical chemistry of interfaces, materials science, solid state physics at the nanoscale and bioelectrochemistry, thus is acquainted for a comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes interphased with neuron cells. This review points out a number of conceptual tools to further address the ongoing advances in coupling neuronal networks with (carbon) nanotube meshworks, and to deepen the basic issues that govern a biological cell or tissue interacting with a nanomaterial. Emphasis is given here to the properties and roles of carbon nanotube systems at relevant spatiotemporal scales of individual molecules, junctions and molecular layers, as well as to the point of view of a condensed matter or materials scientist. Carbon nanotube interactions with blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, biocompatibility and functionalization issues are also regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Mezzasalma
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Materials Physics Division, Bijeniška cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund University, IDEON Building, Delta 5, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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3
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Zare H, Ahmadi S, Ghasemi A, Ghanbari M, Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Karimi M, Webster TJ, Hamblin MR, Mostafavi E. Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1681-1706. [PMID: 33688185 PMCID: PMC7936533 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (such as their high surface to volume ratios, enhanced conductivity and strength, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, optical properties, etc.) have led to their consideration to serve as novel drug and gene delivery carriers. CNTs are effectively taken up by many different cell types through several mechanisms. CNTs have acted as carriers of anticancer molecules (including docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX), paclitaxel (PTX), and gemcitabine (GEM)), anti-inflammatory drugs, osteogenic dexamethasone (DEX) steroids, etc. In addition, the unique optical properties of CNTs have led to their use in a number of platforms for improved photo-therapy. Further, the easy surface functionalization of CNTs has prompted their use to deliver different genes, such as plasmid DNA (PDNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) as gene delivery vectors for various diseases such as cancers. However, despite all of these promises, the most important continuous concerns raised by scientists reside in CNT nanotoxicology and the environmental effects of CNTs, mostly because of their non-biodegradable state. Despite a lack of widespread FDA approval, CNTs have been studied for decades and plenty of in vivo and in vitro reports have been published, which are reviewed here. Lastly, this review covers the future research necessary for the field of CNT medicine to grow even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zare
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MA, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Woodman C, Vundu G, George A, Wilson CM. Applications and strategies in nanodiagnosis and nanotherapy in lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:349-364. [PMID: 32088362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of death in both men and women in the world. Lung cancer is heterogeneous in nature and diagnosis is often at an advanced stage as it develops silently in the lung and is frequently associated with high mortality rates. Despite the advances made in understanding the biology of lung cancer, progress in early diagnosis, cancer therapy modalities and considering the mechanisms of drug resistance, the prognosis and outcome still remains low for many patients. Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing areas of research that can solve many biological problems such as cancer. A growing number of therapies based on using nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully entered the clinic to treat pain, cancer, and infectious diseases. Recent progress in nanotechnology has been encouraging and directed to developing novel nanoparticles that can be one step ahead of the cancer reducing the possibility of multi-drug resistance. Nanomedicine using NPs is continuingly impacting cancer diagnosis and treatment. Chemotherapy is often associated with limited targeting to the tumor, side effects and low solubility that leads to insufficient drug reaching the tumor. Overcoming these drawbacks of chemotherapy by equipping NPs with theranostic capability which is leading to the development of novel strategies. This review provides a synopsis of current progress in theranostic applications for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy using NPs including liposome, polymeric NPs, quantum dots, gold NPs, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and magnetic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Woodman
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gugulethu Vundu
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alex George
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom; Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Cornelia M Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, United Kingdom; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.
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Targeted delivery of Auristatin PE to Hep G2 cells using folate - conjugated boron nitride nanotubes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110509. [PMID: 32228939 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Auristatin PE (PE) as an anti-microtubule agent possesses good anticancer activity. However, the poor target effect and strong side effect limit its clinical applications. Targeted delivery of PE may overcome the disadvantages associated with PE, being very conducive to continuing clinical trials of PE. Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with unique physical and chemical properties have attracted considerable attention in drug delivery. Herein, a targeted drug delivery strategy based on folate-conjugated boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs-FA) was used to improve the efficacy of PE. It was found that PE was successfully loaded onto BNNTs-FA via π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. BNNTs-FA@PE exhibited stronger cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells than free PE and BNNTs@PE complexes due to the increased cellular uptake of PE mediated by the FA receptor. BNNTs-FA@PE showed excellent antiproliferative activities in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, BNNTs-FA@PE induced apoptosis of Hep G2 cells via an intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, activating Caspase-9 and Caspase-3. The construction of BNNTs-FA@PE system successfully improves the target effect of PE and may be very promising for the treatment of liver cancer in the future.
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Ahirwar D, Bano M, Khan I, Gound SS, Sheikh MUD, Mondal R, Khan F. Facile synthesis of macroporous Ag and CuO monoliths as an efficient nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor and antimicrobial agent. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Morozesk M, Franqui LS, Mansano AS, Martinez DST, Fernandes MN. Interactions of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube with cadmium on zebrafish cell line: The influence of two co-exposure protocols on in vitro toxicity tests. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:136-147. [PMID: 29751160 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The widespread production and application of carbon nanotubes (CNT) have raising concerns about their release into the environment and, the joint toxicity of CNT with pre-existing contaminants needs to be assessed. This is the first study that investigated the co-exposure of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNT) and cadmium (Cd) using a zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL). Two in vitro co-exposure protocols differing by the order of ox-MWCNT interaction with Cd and fetal bovine serum (FBS) proteins were evaluated. Ox-MWCNT was physical and chemical characterized and its adsorption capacity and colloidal stability in cell culture medium was determined in both protocols. Cytotoxicity was investigated by MTT, neutral red, trypan blue, lactate dehydrogenase assays and the necrosis and apoptosis events were determined using flow cytometer. The Cd presence in medium did not interfere in the protein corona composition of MWCNT but the order of interaction of FBS and Cd interfered in its colloidal stability and metal adsorption rate. The ox-MWCNT increased Cd toxicity at low concentration probably by a "Trojan horse" and/or synergistic effect, and induced apoptosis and necrosis in ZFL cells. Although it was not observed differences of toxicity between protocols, the interaction of ox-MWCNT first with Cd led to its precipitation in cell culture medium and, as a consequence, to a possible false viability result by neutral red assay. Taken together, it was evident that the order of compounds interactions disturbs the colloidal stability and affects the in vitro toxicological assays. Considering that Protocol A showed more ox-MWCNT stability after interaction with Cd, this protocol is recommended to be adopted in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morozesk
- Physiological Science Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Hwy, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidiane S Franqui
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paschoal Marmo St., 1888, 13484-332, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine S Mansano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Hwy, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., 10.000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paschoal Marmo St., 1888, 13484-332, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Physiological Science Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Hwy, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Pondman KM, Salvador-Morales C, Paudyal B, Sim RB, Kishore U. Interactions of the innate immune system with carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:174-186. [PMID: 32260639 DOI: 10.1039/c6nh00227g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic application of nanomaterials requires that they are biocompatible and can reach the desired target. The innate immune system is likely to be the first defence machinery that would recognise the nanomaterials as 'non-self'. A number of studies have addressed the issue of how carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interact with phagocytic cells and their surface receptors that can impact on their intracellular processing and subsequent immune response. In addition, soluble innate immune factors also get involved in the recognition and clearance of CNTs. The interaction of CNTs with the complement system, the most potent and versatile innate immune mechanism, has shed interesting light on how complement activation on the surface of CNTs can modulate their phagocytosis and effector cytokine response. The charge or altered molecular pattern on the surface of CNTs due to functionalization and derivatization can also dictate the level of complement activation and subsequent inflammatory response. It is becoming evident that complement deposition may facilitate phagocytic uptake of CNTs through receptor routes that leads to dampening of pro-inflammatory response by complement-receptor bearing macrophages and B cells. Thus, recombinant complement regulators decorated on the CNT surface can constructively influence the therapeutic strategies involving CNTs and other nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Pondman
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Heinz Wolff Building, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
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Photoacoustic "nanobombs" fight against undesirable vesicular compartmentalization of anticancer drugs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15527. [PMID: 26483341 PMCID: PMC4612315 DOI: 10.1038/srep15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Undesirable intracellular vesicular compartmentalization of anticancer drugs in cancer cells is a common cause of chemoresistance. Strategies aimed at circumventing this problem may improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. We report a novel photophysical strategy for controlled-disruption of vesicular sequestration of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), modified with folate, were trapped in acidic vesicles after entering lung cancer cells. Upon irradiation by near-infrared pulsed laser, these vesicles were massively broken by the resulting photoacoustic shockwave, and the vesicle-sequestered contents were released, leading to redistribution of DOX from cytoplasm to the target-containing nucleus. Redistribution resulted in 12-fold decrease of the EC50 of DOX in lung cancer cells, and enhanced antitumor efficacy of low-dose DOX in tumor-bearing mice. Side effects were not observed. These findings provide insights of using nanotechnology to improve cancer chemotherapy, i.e. not only for drug delivery, but also for overcoming intracellular drug-transport hurdles.
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Consoli GML, Granata G, Fragassi G, Grossi M, Sallese M, Geraci C. Design and synthesis of a multivalent fluorescent folate–calix[4]arene conjugate: cancer cell penetration and intracellular localization. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3298-307. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent multivalent folate–calix[4]arene–NBD selectively penetrates cancer cellsviafolate receptor-mediated endocytosis and localizes in endo-lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgia Fragassi
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud
- S. Maria Imbaro (CH)
- Italy
| | - Mauro Grossi
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud
- S. Maria Imbaro (CH)
- Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud
- S. Maria Imbaro (CH)
- Italy
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Firdessa R, Oelschlaeger TA, Moll H. Identification of multiple cellular uptake pathways of polystyrene nanoparticles and factors affecting the uptake: relevance for drug delivery systems. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:323-37. [PMID: 25224362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles may address challenges by human diseases through improving diagnosis, vaccination and treatment. The uptake mechanism regulates the type of threat a particle poses on the host cells and how a cell responds to it. Hence, understanding the uptake mechanisms and cellular interactions of nanoparticles at the cellular and subcellular level is a prerequisite for their effective biomedical applications. The present study shows the uptake mechanisms of polystyrene nanoparticles and factors affecting their uptake in bone marrow-derived macrophages, 293T kidney epithelial cells and L929 fibroblasts. Labeling with the endocytic marker FM4-64 and transmission electron microscopy studies show that the nanoparticles were internalized rapidly via endocytosis and accumulated in intracellular vesicles. Soon after their internalizations, nanoparticles trafficked to organelles with acidic pH. Analysis of the ultrastructural morphology of the plasma membrane invaginations or extravasations provides clear evidence for the involvement of several uptake routes in parallel to internalize a given type of nanoparticles by mammalian cells, highlighting the complexity of the nanoparticle-cell interactions. Blocking the specific endocytic pathways by different pharmacological inhibitors shows similar outcomes. The potential to take up nanoparticles varies highly among different cell types in a particle sizes-, time- and energy-dependent manner. Furthermore, infection and the activation status of bone marrow-derived macrophages significantly affect the uptake potential of the cells, indicating the need to understand the diseases' pathogenesis to establish effective and rational drug-delivery systems. This study enhances our understanding of the application of nanotechnology in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebuma Firdessa
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias A Oelschlaeger
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Moll
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Pondman KM, Sobik M, Nayak A, Tsolaki AG, Jäkel A, Flahaut E, Hampel S, ten Haken B, Sim RB, Kishore U. Complement activation by carbon nanotubes and its influence on the phagocytosis and cytokine response by macrophages. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1287-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Donkor DA, Tang XS. Tube length and cell type-dependent cellular responses to ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotube. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3121-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Layer-by-layer deposition of cationic and anionic carbon nanotubes into thin films with improved electrical properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kushwaha SKS, Ghoshal S, Rai AK, Singh S. Carbon nanotubes as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer therapy: a review. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered in 1991 and shown to have certain unique physicochemical properties, attracting considerable interest in their application in various fields including drug delivery. The unique properties of CNTs such as ease of cellular uptake, high drug loading, thermal ablation, among others, render them useful for cancer therapy. Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases of modern times because its therapy involves distinguishing normal healthy cells from affected cells. Here, CNTs play a major role because phenomena such as EPR, allow CNTs to distinguish normal cells from affected ones, the Holy Grail in cancer therapy. Considerable work has been done on CNTs as drug delivery systems over the last two decades. However, concerns over certain issues such as biocompatibility and toxicity have been raised and warrant extensive research in this field.
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Cheng LC, Jiang X, Wang J, Chen C, Liu RS. Nano-bio effects: interaction of nanomaterials with cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3547-69. [PMID: 23532468 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr34276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the advancements in nanotechnology, studies on the synthesis, modification, application, and toxicology evaluation of nanomaterials are gaining increased attention. In particular, the applications of nanomaterials in biological systems are attracting considerable interest because of their unique, tunable, and versatile physicochemical properties. Artificially engineered nanomaterials can be well controlled for appropriate usage, and the tuned physicochemical properties directly influence the interactions between nanomaterials and cells. This review summarizes recently synthesized major nanomaterials that have potential biomedical applications. Focus is given on the interactions, including cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and toxic response, while changing the physicochemical properties of versatile materials. The importance of physicochemical properties such as the size, shape, and surface modifications of the nanomaterials in their biological effects is also highlighted in detail. The challenges of recent studies and future prospects are presented as well. This review benefits relatively new researchers in this area and gives them a systematic overview of nano-bio interaction, hopefully for further experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chien Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Gao PF, Zheng LL, Liang LJ, Yang XX, Li YF, Huang CZ. A new type of pH-responsive coordination polymer sphere as a vehicle for targeted anticancer drug delivery and sustained release. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3202-3208. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Castillo JJ, Rindzevicius T, Novoa LV, Svendsen WE, Rozlosnik N, Boisen A, Escobar P, Martínez F, Castillo-León J. Non-covalent conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotubes and folic acid for interaction with cells over-expressing folate receptors. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1475-1481. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00434h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nagai H, Toyokuni S. Differences and similarities between carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibers during mesothelial carcinogenesis: shedding light on fiber entry mechanism. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1378-90. [PMID: 22568550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nanotechnology represents an important milestone, as it opens the way to a broad spectrum of applications for nanomaterials in the fields of engineering, industry and medicine. One example of nanomaterials that have the potential for widespread use is carbon nanotubes, which have a tubular structure made of graphene sheets. However, there have been concerns that they may pose a potential health risk due to their similarities to asbestos, namely their high biopersistence and needle-like structure. We recently found that despite these similarities, carbon nanotubes and asbestos differ in certain aspects, such as their mechanism of entry into mesothelial cells. In the study, we showed that non-functionalized, multi-walled carbon nanotubes enter mesothelial cells by directly piercing through the cell membrane in a diameter- and rigidity-dependent manner, whereas asbestos mainly enters these cells through the process of endocytosis, which is independent of fiber diameter. In this review, we discuss the key differences, as well as similarities, between asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes. We also summarize previous reports regarding the mechanism of carbon nanotube entry into non-phagocytic cells. As the entry of fibers into mesothelial cells is a crucial step in mesothelial carcinogenesis, we believe that a comprehensive study on the differences by which carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibers enter into non-phagocytic cells will provide important clues for the safer manufacture of carbon nanotubes through strict regulation on fiber characteristics, such as diameter, surface properties, length and rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Kang B, Li J, Chang S, Dai M, Ren C, Dai Y, Chen D. Subcellular tracking of drug release from carbon nanotube vehicles in living cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:777-782. [PMID: 22223491 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The direct observation of drug release from carbon nanotube vehicles in living cells is realized through a unique two-dye labeling approach. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are firstly marked with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to track their location and movement inside the cell. Then a fluorescent anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is attached by means of π-stacking onto SWNTs. Delivered by SWNTs into cells, DOX will detach from the vehicle in an acidic environment due to the pH-dependent π-π stacking interaction between DOX and SWNTs. From observation of the two different kinds of fluorescence (green and red) that respectively represent the carrier SWNTs and drug DOX, the process of drug release inside the living cell can be monitored under a confocal microscope. Results show that the drug DOX detaches from SWNTs inside the lysosomes to yield free molecules and escape into the cytoplasm and finally into the nucleus, while the vehicle SWNTs are trapped inside the lysosomes, without entering the nucleus. The current observations confirm previously proposed mechanisms for drug/DOX release inside cells. The experimental establishment of drug-release mechanisms in living cells here might provide important insights for future design of new drug-delivery and release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Kang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P.R. China
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21
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Di Crescenzo A, Velluto D, Hubbell JA, Fontana A. Biocompatible dispersions of carbon nanotubes: a potential tool for intracellular transport of anticancer drugs. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:925-928. [PMID: 21180768 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of the biocompatible amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol-b-propylene sulfide) (PEG44PPS20) allows a tuned loading of doxorubicin onto the surface of non-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and an efficient cell internalization. The obtained multi-walled carbon nanotube-based systems show enhanced cytotoxic activity with respect to non-vehicled doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Di Crescenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
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Liu F, Deng D, Chen X, Qian Z, Achilefu S, Gu Y. Folate-polyethylene glycol conjugated near-infrared fluorescence probe with high targeting affinity and sensitivity for in vivo early tumor diagnosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 12:595-607. [PMID: 20376571 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to synthesize a folate-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated near-infrared fluorescence probe (fPI-01) for diagnosis of folate receptor (FR)-overexpressed tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. PROCEDURES fPI-01 was synthesized, purified, and characterized. Its cytotoxicity and affinity to tumor cells were determined in vitro. The dynamics and biodistribution of the probe was monitored in normal nude mice. And the tumor-targeting capability was investigated in nude mice bearing different tumor xenograft. RESULTS fPI-01 was successfully synthesized with strengthened optical properties. Cells experiments showed the probe had high FR affinity and without apparent cytotoxicity. Animal experiments indicated the probe excreted through urine by kidney. And its tumor-targeting ability was demonstrated on different tumor-bearing mice, with high sensitivity and tumor-to-normal tissue contrast ratio (10:1). CONCLUSIONS fPI-01 is a promising optical agent for diagnosis of FR-positive tumors, especially in their early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Kang B, Chang S, Dai Y, Yu D, Chen D. Cell response to carbon nanotubes: size-dependent intracellular uptake mechanism and subcellular fate. SMALL 2011; 6:2362-6. [PMID: 20878638 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Kang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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Rybak-Smith MJ, Pondman KM, Flahaut E, Salvador-Morales C, Sim RB. Recognition of Carbon Nanotubes by the Human Innate Immune System. CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14802-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Al‐Jamal KT, Toma FM, Yilmazer A, Ali‐Boucetta H, Nunes A, Herrero M, Tian B, Eddaoudi A, Al‐Jamal W, Bianco A, Prato M, Kostarelos K. Enhanced cellular internalization and gene silencing with a series of cationic dendron‐multiwalled carbon nanotube:siRNA complexes. FASEB J 2010; 24:4354-65. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-141036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud T. Al‐Jamal
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Francesca M. Toma
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Hanene Ali‐Boucetta
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Antonio Nunes
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Maria‐Antonia Herrero
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bowen Tian
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Ayad Eddaoudi
- Flow Cytometry Core FacilityUniversity College LondonInstitute of Child Health London UK
| | - Wafa'T. Al‐Jamal
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Alberto Bianco
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut de Biologie Moleculaire et CellulaireUPR 9021 Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques Strasbourg France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
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Zhang LW, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Lectins modulate multi-walled carbon nanotubes cellular uptake in human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:546-51. [PMID: 19913088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanomaterials for biomedical applications has attracted a great deal of attention. Carbon nanotubes may interact and cross cell membranes and serve as potential carriers for drug delivery studies. The reflection mode in the confocal laser scanning microscope was used to image multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) stained with the cytoskeleton protein F-actin. Scanning electron microscopy depicted tight binding of MWCNT on the plasma membrane of HEK, while some MWCNT were located in the cell. Since keratinocytes normally engulf melanosomes, we hypothesized that the melanocyte transfer pathway could be a potential route of entry into keratinocytes. Lectins are inhibitors of the melanosome transfer pathway was used to study the uptake of MWCNT in keratinocytes, to see if they played a role in reducing the cellular uptake of MWCNT in HEK. Three different lectins, Pisum sativum (PS), Lycopersicon esculentum (LE), and Tetragonolobus purpureas (TP) were used as a cocktail. The maximal concentrations of lectins that would be non-toxic to the HEK was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay. These studies confirmed that lectin cocktails (PS 5mug/ml, LE 25mug/ml and TP 25mug/ml) decreased MWCNT interaction at the cell surface and uptake. F-actin, a cytoskeleton protein, was used to visualize how the MWCNT interacted with the cytoskeleton in the cells. MWCNT traversed through the cells' cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane into adjacent keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshuai W Zhang
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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Al-Jamal KT, Kostarelos K. Assessment of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes using flow cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 625:123-134. [PMID: 20422386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-579-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The field of carbon nanotube (CNT) functionalization is increasingly growing for the purpose of enhancing the biocompatibility of CNT for medical and biological applications. Properties of CNT such as the type of functionalization, charge density, and the dispersibility profile are expected to modulate CNT cellular uptake and toxicity profile in vitro. The assay described here allows for rapid screening of CNT cellular uptake in vitro and assessing the acute cytotoxicity simultaneously. CNT cellular uptake is measured qualitatively by light scattering analysis without differentiating between cell binding and internalisation of the CNT by the cells. In addition, flow cytometry is used to combine light scattering analysis with flow cytometry-based Annexin V/propidium iodide assay to measure the cytotoxicity. This assay is rapid, reliable, and allows for comparative analysis between various types of CNT studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
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Kang B, Yu D, Dai Y, Chang S, Chen D, Ding Y. Cancer-cell targeting and photoacoustic therapy using carbon nanotubes as "bomb" agents. SMALL 2009; 5:1292-301. [PMID: 19274646 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A unique approach using the large photoacoustic effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for targeting and selective destruction of cancer cells is demonstrated. SWNTs exhibit a large photoacoustic effect in suspension under the irradiation of a 1064-nm Q-switched millisecond pulsed laser and trigger a firecracker-like explosion at the nanoscale. By using such an explosion, a photoacoustic agent is developed by functionalizing the SWNTs with folate acid (FA) that can selectively bind to cancer cells overexpressing folate receptor on the surface of the cell membrane and kill them through SWNT explosion inside the cells under the excitation of millisecond pulsed laser. The uptake pathway of folate-conjugated SWNTs into cancer cells is investigated via fluorescence imaging and it is found that the FA-SWNTs can enter into cancer cells selectively with a high targeting capability of 17-28. Under the treatment of 1064-nm millisecond pulsed laser, 85% of cancer cells with SWNT uptake die within 20 s, while 90% of the normal cells remain alive due to the lack of SWNTs inside cells. Temperature changes during laser treatment are monitored and no temperature increases of more than +/- 3 degrees C are observed. With this approach, the laser power used for cancer killing is reduced 150-1500 times and the therapy efficiency is improved. The death mechanism of cancer cells caused by the photoacoustic explosion of SWNTs is also studied and discussed in detail. These discoveries provide a new way to use the photoacoustic properties of SWNTs for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Kang
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016, PR China
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Targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin to cancer cells using modified single wall carbon nanotubes. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6041-7. [PMID: 19643474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A targeted drug delivery system that is triggered by changes in pH based on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), derivatized with carboxylate groups and coated with a polysaccharide material, can be loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The drug binds at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and is only released at a lower pH, for example, lysosomal pH and the pH characteristic of certain tumor environments. By manipulating the surface potentials of the modified nanotubes through modification of the polysaccharide coating, both the loading efficiency and release rate of the associated DOX can be controlled. Folic acid (FA), a targeting agent for many tumors, can be additionally tethered to the SWCNTs to selectively deliver DOX into the lysosomes of HeLa cells with much higher efficiency than free DOX. The DOX released from the modified nanotubes has been shown to damage nuclear DNA and inhibit the cell proliferation.
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Jaurand MCF, Renier A, Daubriac J. Mesothelioma: Do asbestos and carbon nanotubes pose the same health risk? Part Fibre Toxicol 2009; 6:16. [PMID: 19523217 PMCID: PMC2706793 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-6-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the product of new technology, may be used in a wide range of applications. Because they present similarities to asbestos fibres in terms of their shape and size, it is legitimate to raise the question of their safety for human health. Recent animal and cellular studies suggest that CNTs elicit tissue and cell responses similar to those observed with asbestos fibres, which increases concern about the adverse biological effects of CNTs. While asbestos fibres' mechanisms of action are not fully understood, sufficient results are available to develop hypotheses about the significant factors underlying their damaging effects. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge about the biological effects of CNTs and will discuss to what extent they present similarities to those of asbestos fibres. Finally, the characteristics of asbestos known to be associated with toxicity will be analyzed to address the possible impact of CNTs.
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Erbas S, Gorgulu A, Kocakusakogullari M, Akkaya EU. Non-covalent functionalized SWNTs as delivery agents for novel Bodipy-based potential PDT sensitizers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4956-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b908485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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