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Yuan R, Liu J, Ukwatta RH, Xue F, Xiong X, Li C. Artificial oil bodies: A review on composition, properties, biotechnological applications, and improvement methods. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101109. [PMID: 38268842 PMCID: PMC10806269 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to simulate the structure of natural oil body, artificial oil bodies (AOBs) are fabricated by the integration of oleosins, triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs) in vitro. Recently, AOBs have gained great research interest both in the food and biological fields due to its ability to act as a novel delivery system for bioactive compounds and as a carrier for target proteins. This review aims to summarize the composition and the preparation methods of AOBs, examine the factors influencing their stability. Moreover, this contribution focusses on exploring the application of AOBs to encapsulate functional ingredients that are prone to oxidation as well as improve efficiency involved in protein purification, renaturation and immobilization by reducing the complex steps. In addition, the improvement measures to further enhance the stability and efficacy of AOBs are also discussed. The application of AOBs is expected to be a big step towards replacing existing bioreactors and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhuan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Jianying Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Ruchika Hansanie Ukwatta
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
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Julien JA, Mutchek SG, Wittenberg NJ, Glover KJ. Biophysical characterization of full-length oleosin in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. Proteins 2021; 90:560-565. [PMID: 34596903 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oleosin is a hydrophobic protein that punctuates the surface of plant seed lipid droplets, which are 20 nm-100 μm entities that serve as reservoirs for high-energy metabolites. Oleosin is purported to stabilize lipid droplets, but its exact mechanism of stabilization has not been established. Probing the structure of oleosin directly in lipid droplets is challenging due to the size of lipid droplets and their high degree of light scattering. Therefore, a medium in which the native structure of oleosin is retained, but is also amenable to spectroscopic studies is needed. Here, we show, using a suite of biophysical techniques, that dodecylphosphocholine micelles appear to support the tertiary structure of the oleosin protein (i.e., hairpin conformation) and render the protein in an oligomeric state that is amenable to more sophisticated biophysical techniques such as NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah G Mutchek
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chiang CJ, Chen CJ, Liou PJ, Chao YP. Selective delivery of curcumin to HER2/neu-overexpressing tumor cells using nanoscale oil body. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chiang CJ, Lin LJ, Wu CP, Chen CJ, Chao YP. Development of Nanoscale Oil Bodies for Targeted Treatment of Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9438-9445. [PMID: 30122032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most widespread disease and is frequently associated with a high level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study was thus conducted to provide a proof-of-concept approach for targeted therapy of lung cancer by development of nanoscale oil bodies (NOBs). This was carried out by fusion of anti-EGFR affibody (ZEGFR2) with oleosin (Ole), a structure protein of plant seed oils. The fusion protein (Ole-ZEGFR2) was produced in Escherichia coli. NOBs were spontaneously assembled from plant oil, phospholipids, and Ole-ZEGFR2. Consequently, Ole-ZEGFR2-based NOBs were selectively internalized by EGFR-positive lung cancer cells with an efficiency exceeding 90%. Furthermore, the hydrophobic anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), was encapsulated into Ole-ZEGFR2-based NOBs. The administration of the CPT formulation based on NOBs resulted in a strong antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun-Peng Chao
- Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447 , Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Feng Chia University , 100 Wenhwa Road , Taichung 40724 , Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung 41354 , Taiwan
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Chiang CJ, Lin LJ, Yang TY, Chao YP. Artificial oil body as a potential oral administration system in zebrafish. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saadi S, Saari N, Anwar F, Abdul Hamid A, Ghazali HM. Recent advances in food biopeptides: Production, biological functionalities and therapeutic applications. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:80-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Angilè F, Vargo KB, Sehgal CM, Hammer DA, Lee D. Recombinant protein-stabilized monodisperse microbubbles with tunable size using a valve-based microfluidic device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12610-8. [PMID: 25265041 PMCID: PMC4211726 DOI: 10.1021/la502610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are used as contrast enhancing agents in ultrasound sonography and more recently have shown great potential as theranostic agents that enable both diagnostics and therapy. Conventional production methods lead to highly polydisperse microbubbles, which compromise the effectiveness of ultrasound imaging and therapy. Stabilizing microbubbles with surfactant molecules that can impart functionality and properties that are desirable for specific applications would enhance the utility of microbubbles. Here we generate monodisperse microbubbles with a large potential for functionalization by combining a microfluidic method and recombinant protein technology. Our microfluidic device uses an air-actuated membrane valve that enables production of monodisperse microbubbles with narrow size distribution. The size of microbubbles can be precisely tuned by dynamically changing the dimension of the channel using the valve. The microbubbles are stabilized by an amphiphilic protein, oleosin, which provides versatility in controlling the functionalization of microbubbles through recombinant biotechnology. We show that it is critical to control the composition of the stabilizing agents to enable formation of highly stable and monodisperse microbubbles that are echogenic under ultrasound insonation. Our protein-shelled microbubbles based on the combination of microfluidic generation and recombinant protein technology provide a promising platform for ultrasound-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco
E. Angilè
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kevin B. Vargo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chandra M. Sehgal
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Vargo KB, Sood N, Moeller TD, Heiney PA, Hammer DA. Spherical micelles assembled from variants of recombinant oleosin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11292-11300. [PMID: 25145981 DOI: 10.1021/la502664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An emerging field in biomaterials is the creation and engineering of protein surfactants made by recombinant biotechnology. Protein surfactants made by recombinant biotechnology allow for complete control of the molecular weight and chemical sequence of the surfactant. The proteins are monodisperse in molecular weight, and functionalization with bioactive amino acid sequences is straightforwardly achieved through genetic engineering. We modified the naturally occurring amphiphilic plant protein oleosin by truncating a large portion of its central hydrophobic block, creating a soluble triblock surfactant. Additional variants were constructed to eliminate secondary structure and create ionic surfactants. Variants of oleosin self-assembled into spherical micelles with a diameter of ∼21 nm at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). We found that the cmc could be manipulated through changes in the protein backbone and was correlated with changes in the protein secondary structure. Micelle size and shape are characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Micelles were functionalized with the integrin-binding domain, RGDS, leading to a 2.9-fold increase in uptake in Ovcar-5 cells after 12 h. Oleosin surfactants present a promising platform for micellar assembly because of the ability to precisely modify the protein backbone through molecular biology, allowing for the control over the cmc and the addition of functional domains into the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Vargo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Chiang CJ, Chen PT, Yeh CY, Chao YP. Statistical optimization of one-step immobilization process for recombinant endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Hydrophobic storage neutral lipids are stably preserved in specialized organelles termed oil bodies in the aqueous cytosolic compartment of plant cells via encapsulation with surfactant molecules including phospholipids and integral proteins. To date, three classes of integral proteins, termed oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin, have been identified in oil bodies of angiosperm seeds. Proposed structures, targeting traffic routes, and biological functions of these three integral oil-body proteins were summarized and discussed. In the viewpoint of evolution, isoforms of oleosin and caleosin are found in oil bodies of pollens as well as those of more primitive species; moreover, caleosin- and steroleosin-like proteins are also present in other subcellular locations besides oil bodies. Technically, artificial oil bodies of structural stability similar to native ones were successfully constituted and seemed to serve as a useful tool for both basic research studies and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. C. Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Vargo KB, Parthasarathy R, Hammer DA. Self-assembly of tunable protein suprastructures from recombinant oleosin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:11657-62. [PMID: 22753512 PMCID: PMC3406865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205426109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using recombinant amphiphilic proteins to self-assemble suprastructures would allow precise control over surfactant chemistry and the facile incorporation of biological functionality. We used cryo-TEM to confirm self-assembled structures from recombinantly produced mutants of the naturally occurring sunflower protein, oleosin. We studied the phase behavior of protein self-assembly as a function of solution ionic strength and protein hydrophilic fraction, observing nanometric fibers, sheets, and vesicles. Vesicle membrane thickness correlated with increasing hydrophilic fraction for a fixed hydrophobic domain length. The existence of a bilayer membrane was corroborated in giant vesicles through the localized encapsulation of hydrophobic Nile red and hydrophilic calcein. Circular dichroism revealed that changes in nanostructural morphology in this family of mutants was unrelated to changes in secondary structure. Ultimately, we envision the use of recombinant techniques to introduce novel functionality into these materials for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Vargo
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Ranganath Parthasarathy
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
- Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Chiang CJ, Lin SC, Lin LJ, Chen CJ, Chao YP. Caleosin-assembled oil bodies as a potential delivery nanocarrier. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1905-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Chiang CJ, Lin CC, Lu TL, Wang HF. Functionalized nanoscale oil bodies for targeted delivery of a hydrophobic drug. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:415102. [PMID: 21914943 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/41/415102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effective formulations of hydrophobic drugs for cancer therapies are challenging. To address this issue, we have sought to nanoscale artificial oil bodies (NOBs) as an alternative. NOBs are lipid-based particles which consist of a central oil space surrounded by a monolayer of oleosin (Ole)-embedded phospholipids (PLs). Ole was first fused with the anti-HER2/neu affibody (Ole-ZH2), and the resulting hybrid protein was overproduced in Escherichia coli. ZH2-displayed NOBs were then assembled by sonicating the mixture containing plant oil, PLs, and isolated Ole-ZH2 in one step. To illustrate their usefulness, functionalized NOBs were employed to encapsulate a hydrophobic anticancer drug, Camptothecin (CPT). As a result, these CPT-loaded NOBs remained stable in serum and the release of CPT at the non-permissive condition exhibited a sustained and prolonged profile. Moreover, plain NOBs were biocompatible whereas CPT-loaded NOBs exerted a strong cytotoxic effect on HER2/neu-positive cells in vitro. Administration of xenograft nude mice with CPT-loaded NOBs also led to the regression of solid tumors in an effective way. Overall, the result indicates the potential of NOBs for targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jen Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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