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Kiew LV, Chang CY, Huang SY, Wang PW, Heh CH, Liu CT, Cheng CH, Lu YX, Chen YC, Huang YX, Chang SY, Tsai HY, Kung YA, Huang PN, Hsu MH, Leo BF, Foo YY, Su CH, Hsu KC, Huang PH, Ng CJ, Kamarulzaman A, Yuan CJ, Shieh DB, Shih SR, Chung LY, Chang CC. Development of flexible electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing platform for rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 183:113213. [PMID: 33857754 PMCID: PMC8018905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells through the binding of its spike protein (S-protein) to the cell surface-expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Thus, inhibition of S-protein-ACE2 binding may impede SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and attenuate the progression of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing platform consisting of a recombinant ACE2-coated palladium nano-thin-film electrode as the core sensing element was fabricated for the screening of potential inhibitors against S-protein-ACE2 binding. The platform could detect interference of small analytes against S-protein-ACE2 binding at low analyte concentration and small volume (0.1 μg/mL and ~1 μL, estimated total analyte consumption < 4 pg) within 21 min. Thus, a few potential inhibitors of S-protein-ACE2 binding were identified. This includes (2S,3aS,6aS)-1-((S)–N-((S)-1-Carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)alanyl)tetrahydrocyclopenta[b] pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (ramiprilat) and (2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-Carboxybutyl]amino]propanoyl]-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid (perindoprilat) that reduced the binding affinity of S-protein to ACE2 by 72% and 67%; and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infectivity to the ACE2-expressing human oral cavity squamous carcinoma cells (OEC-M1) by 36.4 and 20.1%, respectively, compared to the PBS control. These findings demonstrated the usefulness of the developed biosensing platform for the rapid screening of modulators for S-protein-ACE2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik-Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Choon-Han Heh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung-Te Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Xiang Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Xuan Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yun Chang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Kung
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Nien Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50007, Taiwan
| | - Bey-Fen Leo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yiing-Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chien-Hao Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | | | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11121, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chirk-Jenn Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiun-Jye Yuan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Lip-Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan; Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan; Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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