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Johari-Ahar M, Barar J, Alizadeh AM, Davaran S, Omidi Y, Rashidi MR. Methotrexate-conjugated quantum dots: synthesis, characterisation and cytotoxicity in drug resistant cancer cells. J Drug Target 2015; 24:120-33. [PMID: 26176269 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1058801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid derivative, is a potent anticancer used for treatment of different malignancies, but possible initiation of drug resistance to MTX by cancer cells has limited its applications. Nanoconjugates (NCs) of MTX to quantum dots (QDs) may favour the cellular uptake via folate receptors (FRs)-mediated endocytosis that circumvents the efflux functions of cancer cells. We synthesised MTX-conjugated l-cysteine capped CdSe QDs (MTX-QD nanoconjugates) and evaluated their internalisation and cytotoxicity in the KB cells with/without resistancy to MTX. The NCs were fully characterised by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and optical spectroscopy. Upon conjugation with MTX, the photoluminescence (PL) properties of QDs altered, while an obvious quenching in PL of QDs was observed after physical mixing. The MTX-QD nanoconjugates efficiently internalised into the cancer cells, and induced markedly high cytotoxicity (IC50, 12.0 µg/mL) in the MTX-resistant KB cells as compared to the free MTX molecules (IC50,105.0 µg/mL), whereas, these values were respectively about 7.0 and 0.6 µg/mL in the MTX-sensitive KB cells. Based on these findings, the MTX-QD nanoconjugates are proposed for the targeted therapy of MTX-resistant cancers, which may provide an improved outcome in the relapsed FR-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Johari-Ahar
- a Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .,b School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran , and
| | - Jaleh Barar
- a Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .,b School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran , and
| | | | - Soodabeh Davaran
- a Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .,b School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran , and
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- a Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .,b School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran , and
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- a Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .,b School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran , and
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Wang CF, Mäkilä EM, Kaasalainen MH, Hagström MV, Salonen JJ, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Dual-drug delivery by porous silicon nanoparticles for improved cellular uptake, sustained release, and combination therapy. Acta Biomater 2015; 16:206-14. [PMID: 25637067 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dual-drug delivery of antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic drugs can enhance the therapeutic effect for cancer therapy. Conjugation of methotrexate (MTX) to porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles (MTX-PSi) with positively charged surface can improve the cellular uptake of MTX and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. Herein, MTX-PSi conjugates sustained the release of MTX up to 96 h, and the released fragments including MTX were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The intracellular distribution of the MTX-PSi nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Compared to pure MTX, the MTX-PSi achieved similar inhibition of cell proliferation in folate receptor (FR) over-expressing U87 MG cancer cells, and a higher effect in low FR-expressing EA.hy926 cells. Nuclear fragmentation analysis demonstrated programmed cell apoptosis of MTX-PSi in the high/low FR-expressing cancer cells, whereas PSi alone at the same dose had a minor effect on cell apoptosis. Finally, the porous structure of MTX-PSi enabled a successful concomitant loading of another anti-angiogenic hydrophobic drug, sorafenib, and considerably enhanced the dissolution rate of sorafenib. Overall, the MTX-PSi nanoparticles can be used as a platform for combination chemotherapy by simultaneously enhancing the dissolution rate of a hydrophobic drug and sustaining the release of a conjugated chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fang Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ermei M Mäkilä
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Martti H Kaasalainen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marja V Hagström
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno J Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni T Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Fahmi MZ, Chang JY. A facile strategy to enable nanoparticles for simultaneous phase transfer, folate receptor targeting, and cisplatin delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Hou J, Shi Q, Cao M, Pan P, Ge G, Fan X, Bai G, Xin Y. A novel approach for fluorescent visualization of glycyrrhetic acid on a cell with a quantum dot. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:25-30. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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