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Shishodia S, Chouchene B, Gries T, Schneider R. Selected I-III-VI 2 Semiconductors: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Photovoltaic Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2889. [PMID: 37947733 PMCID: PMC10648425 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
I-III-VI2 group quantum dots (QDs) have attracted high attention in photoelectronic conversion applications, especially for QD-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). This group of QDs has become the mainstream light-harvesting material in QDSSCs due to the ability to tune their electronic properties through size, shape, and composition and the ability to assemble the nanocrystals on the surface of TiO2. Moreover, these nanocrystals can be produced relatively easily via cost-effective solution-based synthetic methods and are composed of low-toxicity elements, which favors their integration into the market. This review describes the methods developed to prepare I-III-VI2 QDs (AgInS2 and CuInS2 were excluded) and control their optoelectronic properties to favor their integration into QDSSCs. Strategies developed to broaden the optoelectronic response and decrease the surface-defect states of QDs in order to promote the fast electron injection from QDs into TiO2 and achieve highly efficient QDSSCs will be described. Results show that heterostructures obtained after the sensitization of TiO2 with I-III-VI2 QDs could outperform those of other QDSSCs. The highest power-conversion efficiency (15.2%) was obtained for quinary Cu-In-Zn-Se-S QDs, along with a short-circuit density (JSC) of 26.30 mA·cm-2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 802 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 71%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Shishodia
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.S.); (B.C.)
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Bilel Chouchene
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Thomas Gries
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.S.); (B.C.)
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2
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Baek E, Kim B, Kim S, Song J, Yoo J, Park SM, Lee JM, Ko JH. Color Rendering Index over 95 Achieved by Using Light Recycling Process Based on Hybrid Remote-Type Red Quantum-Dot Components Applied to Conventional LED Lighting Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2560. [PMID: 37764589 PMCID: PMC10534905 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Red color conversion materials have often been used in conventional white LEDs (light-emitting diodes) to enhance the insufficient deep-red component and thus improve the color-rendering property. Quantum dots (QDs) are one of the candidates for this due to their flexibility in controlling the emission wavelength, which is attributed to the quantum confinement effect. Two types of remote QD components, i.e., QD films and QD caps, were prepared and applied to conventional white LED illumination to improve the color-rendering properties. Thanks to the red component near 630 nm caused by the QD components, the color rendering indices (CRIs) of both Ra and R9 could be increased to over 95. It was found that both the diffusing nature of the reflector and the light recycling process in the vertical cavity between the bottom reflector and the top optical films play important roles in improving the color conversion efficiency of remote QD components. The present study showed that the proper application of remote QDs combined with a suitable optical cavity can control the correlated color temperature of the illumination over a wide range, thus realizing different color appearances of white LED illumination. In addition, a high CRI of over 95 could be achieved due to the sufficient excitation from fewer QDs, due to the strong optical cavity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae-Hyeon Ko
- Nano Convergence Technology Center, School of Semiconductor∙Display Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea (J.-M.L.)
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3
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Ko M, Yoon S, Eo YJ, Lee KN, Do YR. Passivation and Interlayer Effect of Zr(i-PrO) 4 on Green CuGaS 2/ZnS/Zr(i-PrO) 4@Al 2O 3 and Red CuInS 2/ZnS/Zr(i-PrO) 4@Al 2O 3 QD Hybrid Powders. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:106. [PMID: 36344881 PMCID: PMC9640527 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Broadband emissive I-III-VI quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized as efficient and stable I-III-VI QDs to be used as eco-friendly luminescent materials in various applications. Here, we introduce the additional passivation of zirconium isopropoxide (Zr(i-PrO)4) to improve the optical properties and environmental stability of green-emitting CuGaS2/ZnS (G-CGS/ZnS) and red-emitting CuInS2/ZnS (R-CIS/ZnS) QDs. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of both resultant Zr(i-PrO)4-coated G-CGS/ZnS and R-CIS/ZnS QDs reaches similar values of ~ 95%. In addition, the photostability and thermal-stability of G-CGS/ZnS/Zr(i-PrO)4 and R-CIS/ZnS/Zr(i-PrO)4 QDs are improved by reducing the ligand loss via encapsulation of the ligand-coated QD surface with Zr(i-PrO)4. It is also proved that the Zr(i-PrO)4-passivated interlayer mitigates the further degradation of I-III-V QDs from ligand loss even under harsh conditions during additional hydrolysis reaction of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Al(sec-BuO)3), forming easy-to-handle G-CGS/ZnS and R-CIS/ZnS QD-embedded Al2O3 powders. Therefore, the introduction of a Zr(i-PrO)4 complex layer potentially provides a strong interlayer to mitigate degradation of I-III-VI QD-embedded Al2O3 hybrid powders as well as passivation layer for protecting I-III-VI QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jae Eo
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Keyong Nam Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rag Do
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Hong SC, Ko JH. Structural Optimization of Vertically-Stacked White LEDs with a Yellow Phosphor Plate and a Red Quantum-Dot Film. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2846. [PMID: 36014714 PMCID: PMC9414739 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A remote-type white light-emitting diode (LED) consisting of a red quantum-dot (QD) film and a yellow phosphor plate was studied by both experiment and optical simulation. The sequence of the two color-conversion films had a substantial effect on the color-rendering properties of the vertically-stacked white LED, and the optimized configuration exhibited a high color rendering index of more than 90 thanks to the enhanced red component via the QD film. For the design of high-power white LED devices of a remote type, it was necessary to locate the color-conversion films below the diffuser plate to remove the substantial color dispersion depending on the viewing angle. The present study shows that high power and high color-rendering white LED devices can be realized in terms of two vertically-stacked color-conversion materials, which would provide long-term stability due to the remote design.
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Substantial Improvement of Color-Rendering Properties of Conventional White LEDs Using Remote-Type Red Quantum-Dot Caps. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071097. [PMID: 35407215 PMCID: PMC9000883 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new type of remote red quantum-dot (QD) component was designed and fabricated to improve the color-rendering properties of conventional white LED (light-emitting diode) lightings. Based on an optical simulation, the rectangular cavity-type QD cap was designed with an opening window on the top surface. Red QD caps were fabricated using a typical injection molding technique and CdSe/ZnS QDs with a core/shell structure whose average size was ~6 nm. Red QD caps were applied to conventional 6-inch, 15-W white LED downlighting consisting of 72 LEDs arrayed concentrically. The red QD caps placed over white LEDs enhanced the red components in the long-wavelength range resulting in the increase of the color rendering index (CRI) from 82.9 to 94.5. The correlated color temperature was tuned easily in a wide range by adopting various configurations consisting of different QD caps. The spatial and angular homogeneities were secured on the emitting area because QD caps placed over the white LEDs did not exhibit any substantial optical path length difference. The present study demonstrates that adopting QD caps in conventional LED lightings provides a flexible and efficient method to realize a high color-rendering property and to adjust correlated color temperature appropriately for a specific application.
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Li S, Zha T, Gong X, Hu Q, Yu M, Wu J, Li R, Wang J, Chen Y. Cu–Cd–Zn–S/ZnS core/shell quantum dot/polyvinyl alcohol flexible films for white light-emitting diodes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24425-24433. [PMID: 35516201 PMCID: PMC9055132 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a facile route for the synthesis of water-soluble Cu–Cd–Zn–S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) by simple pH regulation. The PL spectra of Cu–Cd–Zn–S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots can cover the whole visible light region in the case of only two ratios of Cu/Cd/Zn. The emission wavelength of Cu–Cd–Zn–S/ZnS QDs can be conveniently tuned from 474 to 515 and 548 to 629 nm by adjusting the pH value when the ratios of Cu/Cd/Zn are fixed at 1 : 5 : 80 and 1 : 5 : 10, respectively. It is worth noting that under the condition of a constant Cu/Cd/Zn ratio, the UV-vis absorption spectra do not change with the fluorescence spectra, indicating that the band gap of QDs remains unchanged during the change of pH value. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of the as-prepared QDs with yellow emission is up to 76%. The QDs also show excellent chemical stability after the deposition of the ZnS shell. Luminescent and flexible films are fabricated by combining Cu–Cd–Zn–S QDs with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The QD/PVA flexible hybrid films are successfully applied on top of a conventional blue InGaN chip for remote-type warm-white LEDs. As-fabricated warm-white LEDs exhibit a higher color rendering index (CRI) of about 89.2 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4308 K. We present a facile route for the synthesis of water-soluble Cu–Cd–Zn–S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) by simple pH regulation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyong Zha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
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7
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Bai X, Purcell-Milton F, Gun'ko YK. Optical Properties, Synthesis, and Potential Applications of Cu-Based Ternary or Quaternary Anisotropic Quantum Dots, Polytypic Nanocrystals, and Core/Shell Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9010085. [PMID: 30634642 PMCID: PMC6359286 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summaries the optical properties, recent progress in synthesis, and a range of applications of luminescent Cu-based ternary or quaternary quantum dots (QDs). We first present the unique optical properties of the Cu-based multicomponent QDs, regarding their emission mechanism, high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs), size-dependent bandgap, composition-dependent bandgap, broad emission range, large Stokes’ shift, and long photoluminescent (PL) lifetimes. Huge progress has taken place in this area over the past years, via detailed experimenting and modelling, giving a much more complete understanding of these nanomaterials and enabling the means to control and therefore take full advantage of their important properties. We then fully explore the techniques to prepare the various types of Cu-based ternary or quaternary QDs (including anisotropic nanocrystals (NCs), polytypic NCs, and spherical, nanorod and tetrapod core/shell heterostructures) are introduced in subsequent sections. To date, various strategies have been employed to understand and control the QDs distinct and new morphologies, with the recent development of Cu-based nanorod and tetrapod structure synthesis highlighted. Next, we summarize a series of applications of these luminescent Cu-based anisotropic and core/shell heterostructures, covering luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), bioimaging and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Finally, we provide perspectives on the overall current status, challenges, and future directions in this field. The confluence of advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of these Cu-based QDs presents an important opportunity to a wide-range of fields and this piece gives the reader the knowledge to grasp these exciting developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Finn Purcell-Milton
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Yuri K Gun'ko
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
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8
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Modifications of the optical properties of quantum dots on liposome encapsulation for applications in theranostic liposomes. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Zhu J, Mei S, Yang W, Zhang G, Chen Q, Zhang W, Guo R. Tunable emission of Cu (Mn)-doped ZnInS quantum dots via dopant interaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Abe S, Joos JJ, Martin LIDJ, Hens Z, Smet PF. Hybrid remote quantum dot/powder phosphor designs for display backlights. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16271. [PMID: 30167259 PMCID: PMC6062237 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots are ideally suited for color conversion in light emitting diodes owing to their spectral tunability, high conversion efficiency and narrow emission bands. These properties are particularly important for display backlights; the highly saturated colors generated by quantum dots justify their higher production cost. Here, we demonstrate the benefits of a hybrid remote phosphor approach that combines a green-emitting europium-doped phosphor with red-emitting CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots. Different stacking geometries, including mixed and separate layers of both materials, are studied at the macroscopic and microscopic levels to identify the configuration that achieves maximum device efficiency while minimizing material usage. The influence of reabsorption, optical outcoupling and refractive index-matching between the layers is evaluated in detail with respect to device efficiency and cost. From the findings of this study, general guidelines are derived to optimize both the cost and efficiency of CdSe/CdS and other (potentially cadmium-free) quantum dot systems. When reabsorption of the green and/or red emission is significant compared to the absorption strength for the blue emission of the pumping light emitting diode, the hybrid remote phosphor approach becomes beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Abe
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Solid State Sciences, LumiLab, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jonas J Joos
- Department of Solid State Sciences, LumiLab, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lisa IDJ Martin
- Department of Solid State Sciences, LumiLab, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Philippe F Smet
- Department of Solid State Sciences, LumiLab, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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11
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Fabrication of composite materials from semiconductor quantum dots and organic polymers for optoelectronics and biomedicine: role of surface ligands. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Gugula K, Entrup M, Stegemann L, Seidel S, Pöttgen R, Strassert CA, Bredol M. Solid Solution Quantum Dots with Tunable Dual or Ultrabroadband Emission for LEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:521-528. [PMID: 27933758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots that efficiently emit white light directly or feature a "candle-like" orange photoluminescence with a high Stokes shift are presented. The key to obtaining these unique emission properties is through controlled annealing of the core Cu-In-Ga-S quantum dots in the presence of zinc ions, thus forming Zn-Cu-In-Ga-S solid solutions with different distributions of the substitution and dopant elements. The as-obtained nanocrystals feature excellent quantum yields of up to 82% with limited or even eliminated reabsorption and a color rendering index of bare particles of up to 88, enabling the production of high-quality white LEDs using a single color converter layer. Furthermore, the color properties can be tuned by changing the experimental conditions as well as by varying the excitation wavelength. The multicomponent luminescence mechanism is discussed in detail based on similar literature reports. White LEDs with unparalleled color quality and competitive luminous efficacies are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Münster University of Applied Sciences , Stegerwaldstraße 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Entrup
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Linda Stegemann
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Bredol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Münster University of Applied Sciences , Stegerwaldstraße 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
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13
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Jeong SM, Song S, Kim H, Baek SH, Kwak JS. Stretchable, alternating-current-driven white electroluminescent device based on bilayer-structured quantum-dot-embedded polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the use of a spontaneously formed bilayer-structured emitting layer for white light from stretchable ACEL devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Moon Jeong
- Division of Nano and Energy Convergence Research
- DGIST
- Daegu 711-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkyu Song
- Division of Nano and Energy Convergence Research
- DGIST
- Daegu 711-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Division of Nano and Energy Convergence Research
- DGIST
- Daegu 711-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Baek
- Division of Nano and Energy Convergence Research
- DGIST
- Daegu 711-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seop Kwak
- Department of Printed Electronics Engineering
- Sunchon National University
- Sunchon
- Republic of Korea
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14
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Erdem T, Demir HV. Colloidal nanocrystals for quality lighting and displays: milestones and recent developments. NANOPHOTONICS 2016; 5:74-95. [DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRecent advances in colloidal synthesis of nanocrystals have enabled high-quality high-efficiency light-emitting diodes, displays with significantly broader color gamut, and optically-pumped lasers spanning the whole visible regime. Here we review these colloidal platforms covering the milestone studies together with recent developments. In the review, we focus on the devices made of colloidal quantum dots (nanocrystals), colloidal quantum rods (nanorods), and colloidal quantum wells (nanoplatelets) as well as those of solution processed perovskites and phosphor nanocrystals. The review starts with an introduction to colloidal nanocrystal photonics emphasizing the importance of colloidal materials for light-emitting devices. Subsequently,we continue with the summary of important reports on light-emitting diodes, in which colloids are used as the color converters and then as the emissive layers in electroluminescent devices. Also,we review the developments in color enrichment and electroluminescent displays. Next, we present a summary of important reports on the lasing of colloidal semiconductors. Finally, we summarize and conclude the review presenting a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Erdem
- 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent, Ankara Turkey 06800
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- 2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent, Ankara Turkey 06800 and Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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15
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Jo DY, Kim D, Kim JH, Chae H, Seo HJ, Do YR, Yang H. Tunable White Fluorescent Copper Gallium Sulfide Quantum Dots Enabled by Mn Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12291-7. [PMID: 27120773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can be tuned by engineering the band gap via size and composition control and further doping them with impurity ions. Targeting on highly bright white-emissive I-III-VI -type copper gallium sulfide (Cu-Ga-S, CGS) host QDs with the entire visible spectral coverage of blue to red, herein, Mn(2+) ion doping, through surface adsorption and lattice diffusion is fulfilled. Upon doping a distinct Mn emission from (4)T1-(6)A1 transition successfully appears in white photoluminescence (PL) of undoped CGS/ZnS core/shell QDs and with varying Mn concentration a systematic white spectral evolution of CGS:Mn/ZnS QDs is achievable with high PL quantum yield retained. The origins of white PL of CGS:Mn/ZnS QDs that is well decomposed into three emission bands are appropriately assigned. The resulting single-phased, doped QDs are then employed as near-UV-to-white down converters for the fabrication of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Electroluminescent properties of white QD-LEDs depending on Mn concentration of CGS:Mn/ZnS QDs and forward current are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeon Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University , Seoul 121-791, Korea
| | - Daekyoung Kim
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University , Seoul 121-791, Korea
| | - Heeyeop Chae
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Seo
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - Young Rag Do
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University , Seoul 121-791, Korea
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16
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Wang L, Kang X, Pan D. High color rendering index warm white light emitting diodes fabricated from AgInS2/ZnS quantum dot/PVA flexible hybrid films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31634-31639. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A high color rendering warm-white LED is fabricated by fixing suitable thicknesses of the green and red AIS/ZnS QD/PVA luminescent films on top of a conventional blue InGaN chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Daocheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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Kang X, Yang Y, Wang L, Wei S, Pan D. Warm White Light Emitting Diodes with Gelatin-Coated AgInS2/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27713-27719. [PMID: 26629791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium-free and water-soluble AgInS2/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with a cost of 2.5 $/g are synthesized in an electric pressure cooker. The QD powders with different Ag/In ratios exhibit bright yellow, orange, and orange-red luminescence under UV light. Their absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) can reach as high as 50.5, 57, and 52%, respectively. Because gelatin is used as the capping agent, the concentrated QDs/gelatin solution can be directly utilized as phosphor for the fabrication of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by a simple drop-drying process without the need of resin package. Warm-white LEDs are obtained by combining orange-emitting QDs with blue InGaN chip. As-fabricated warm-white LED exhibits a luminous efficacy of 39.85 lm/W, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2634 K and a color rendering index (CRI) of 71 at a drive current of 20 mA. Furthermore, the electroluminescence (EL) stability of LED device and thermal stability of as-prepared QDs are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Daocheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Zhao B, Yao Y, Gao M, Sun K, Zhang J, Li W. Doped quantum dot@silica nanocomposites for white light-emitting diodes. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17231-17236. [PMID: 26372169 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the use of a near-UV-LED chip in combination with blue, green-yellow and red emitting doped ZnSe QD@silica nanocomposites to construct a novel WLED with reduced scattering and no reabsorption. Blue, green-yellow and red emitting Cu or Mn doped ZnSe QDs with enlarged Stokes shifts and similar absorption peaks (360-410 nm) were synthesized in liquid paraffin in order to solve the reabsorption problem and also obtain balanced white emission spectra. Silica shells were then coated onto the doped QDs, allowing for the refractive index of the nanocomposites to be tailored while simultaneously improving their compatibility with the epoxy resin. The transparent doped ZnSe QD@SiO2/epoxy composite was then used as a light conversion and encapsulant material in combination with the near-UV-LED chip to fabricate the WLED. This fabricated WLED demonstrated high luminous efficiency and good color chromatics stability, suggesting that WLEDs based on highly fluorescent doped ZnSe QD@silica nanocomposites in combination with near-UV-LED chips may prove to be promising candidates for alternative light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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Yoon HC, Oh JH, Ko M, Yoo H, Do YR. Synthesis and characterization of green Zn-Ag-In-S and red Zn-Cu-In-S quantum dots for ultrahigh color quality of down-converted white LEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7342-7350. [PMID: 25781889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly green Zn-Ag-In-S (ZAIS) and red Zn-Cu-In-S (ZCIS) core/shell-like alloyed quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesized by a facile hot-injection method with a multiple injection approach. Broad full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the photoluminescence (PL) emission and tunability of the green ZAIS and red ZCIS QDs were obtained by adopting a low-temperature core growth and high-temperature multiple alloyed reaction. The alloyed green ZAIS and red ZCIS QDs reached PL quantum yields as high as 0.61 and 0.53; fwhm of the PL peaks were as wide as 81 and 106 nm, respectively. This demonstrates the practical realization of white down-converted light-emitting diodes (DC-LEDs), fully covering the whole visible wavelength range and the cyan gap, using two broad fwhm green ZAIS and red ZCIS QDs. We also characterized the vision and color performance using luminous efficacy (LE), color rendering index (CRI), special CRI for strong red (R9), and color quality scale (CQS) of white DC-LEDs incorporated with green ZAIS and red ZCIS QDs at the correlated color temperature (CCT) range of 2700-10 000 K. The tricolor white DC-LED using broad fwhm green-emitting ZAIS and red-emitting ZCIS core/shell-like alloyed QDs exhibits a moderate LE (31.2 lm/W) and ultrahigh color qualities (CRI = 97, R9 = 97, and CQS = 94) with warm white at a CCT of 3500 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chang Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rag Do
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
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Zhao B, Zhang D, Sun K, Wang X, Mao R, Li W. Intrinsic quantum dot based white-light-emitting diodes with a layered coating structure for reduced reabsorption of multiphase phosphors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A white-light-emitting diode (WLED) with a layered coating structure was successfully fabricated, providing a promising solution for the fabrication of intrinsic QD based WLEDs with reduced reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Delong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiebing Wang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Rihua Mao
- Laboratory for Advanced Scintillation Materials & Performance
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800, P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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