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Caffo M, Caruso G, Curcio A, Laera R, Crisafulli C, Fazzari E, Passalacqua M, Germanò A. The Role of Nanotechnologies in Brain Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1394:181-192. [PMID: 36587388 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of glioma remains one of the most interesting topics in neurooncology. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and prevalent malignant brain tumor. Nowadays, technologies and new tools are helping the neurosurgeons to define a tailored surgery. However, there are few pharmaceutical strategies in operated and nonoperated patients. There are still few anticancer drugs approved by FDA and EMA. Moreover, these drugs are not so effective and have a lot of side effects due to their toxicity. Nanoparticles are a new strategy which could help to create and carry new drugs. In fact, NPs improve the pharmacokinetic properties of anticancer drugs, reduce side-effects, and increase drug half-life and its selectivity. Nanoparticle drug delivery system has been studied for targeting different molecular biomarkers and signaling pathways. Furthermore, the first problem of anticancer drugs in the treatment of gliomas is penetrating the blood brain barrier which represents an insurmountable wall for most of synthetic and natural particles. In the last 15 years, a lot of researches tried to design a perfect nanoparticle both able to cross blood-brain barrier and to selectively target glioma cells, unfortunately, without great results. In vivo human trials are still ongoing and many of them have already failed. In this chapter we evaluate the effectiveness of nanotechnologies in the treatment of brain tumors. There is not yet, currently, a nanoparticle drug designed for the treatment of gliomas approved by FDA and EMA. Advancements in discovery of molecular characteristics of tumors lead to the development of targeted nanoparticles that are tested in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on gliomas. Novel and repurposed drugs, as well as novel drug combinations, have also been already studied but those are not included in this chapter because the carried drugs (active substances) are not included among the approved anticancer drug used in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caffo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonello Curcio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Laera
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Fazzari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcello Passalacqua
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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In vivo study of the immune response to bioengineered spider silk spheres. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13480. [PMID: 35931709 PMCID: PMC9356052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered MS1 silk is derived from major ampullate spidroin 1 (MaSp1) from the spider Nephila clavipes. The MS1 silk was functionalized with the H2.1 peptide to target Her2-overexpressing cancer cells. The immunogenic potential of drug carriers made from MS1-type silks was investigated. The silk spheres were administered to healthy mice, and then (i) the phenotypes of the immune cells that infiltrated the Matrigel plugs containing spheres (implanted subcutaneously), (ii) the presence of silk-specific antibodies (after two intravenous injections of the spheres), (iii) the splenocyte phenotypes and their activity after restimulation ex vivo in terms of proliferation and cytokine secretion (after single intravenous injection of the spheres) were analyzed. Although the immunogenicity of MS1 particles was minor, the H2.1MS1 spheres attracted higher levels of B lymphocytes, induced a higher anti-silk antibody titer, and, after ex vivo restimulation, caused the activation of splenocytes to proliferate and express more IFN-γ and IL-10 compared with the PBS and MS1 groups. Although the H2.1MS1 spheres triggered a certain degree of an immunological response, multiple injections (up to six times) neither hampered the carrier-dependent specific drug delivery nor induced toxicity, as previously indicated in a mouse breast cancer model. Both findings indicate that a drug delivery system based on MS1-type silk has great potential for the treatment of cancer and other conditions.
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Naidu ECS, Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Nanoparticle delivery system, highly active antiretroviral therapy, and testicular morphology: The role of stereology. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00776. [PMID: 34107163 PMCID: PMC8189564 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of nanoparticles (NPs) with antiretroviral drugs is a drug delivery approach with great potential for managing HIV infections. Despite their promise, recent studies have highlighted the toxic effects of nanoparticles on testicular tissue and their impact on sperm morphology. This review explores the role of stereological techniques in assessing the testicular morphology in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) when a nanoparticle drug delivery system is used. Also, NPs penetration and pharmacokinetics concerning the testicular tissue and blood-testis barrier form the vital part of this review. More so, various classes of NPs employed in biomedical and clinical research to deliver antiretroviral drugs were thoroughly discussed. In addition, considerations for minimizing nanoparticle-drugs toxicity, ensuring enhanced permeability of nanoparticles, maximizing drug efficacy, ensuring adequate bioavailability, and formulation of HAART-NPs fabrication are well discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Coleridge S. Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Carmen Olivia Rennie
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of AnatomySchool of MedicineUniversity of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia
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Fodor-Kardos A, Kiss ÁF, Monostory K, Feczkó T. Sustained in vitro interferon-beta release and in vivo toxicity of PLGA and PEG-PLGA nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15893-15900. [PMID: 35493658 PMCID: PMC9052435 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09928j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-beta-1a (IFN-β-1a) can diminish the symptoms of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Herein, we prepared sustained drug delivery IFN-β-1a-loaded nanoparticles by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) model drug was used to optimize the preparation of nanoparticles composed of four types of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymers and two pegylated PLGA (PEG-PLGA) polymers. Via optimization, selected PLGA and PEG-PLGA polymers were able to entrap IFN-β-1a with high encapsulation efficiency (>95%) and low size (145 nm and 163 nm, respectively). In vitro release kinetics of BSA and IFN-β showed similar tendency for PLGA and PEG-PLGA nanoparticles, respectively. Although the drug loaded nanoparticles did not show toxicity in hepatocyte cells, mild toxic effects such as pale kidney and pyelectasis were observed in the in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary +36-88-624000 ext. 3508
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia Egyetem u. 10 H-8200 Veszprém Hungary
| | - Ádám Ferenc Kiss
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tivadar Feczkó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary +36-88-624000 ext. 3508
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia Egyetem u. 10 H-8200 Veszprém Hungary
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Ali A, Ovais M, Cui X, Rui Y, Chen C. Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials for Antimicrobial Applications. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1082-1109. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arbab Ali
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Ovais
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - YuKui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong 510700, China
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Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Bremer-Hoffmann S. Main trends of immune effects triggered by nanomedicines in preclinical studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5419-5431. [PMID: 30271138 PMCID: PMC6149906 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology to emerging medicinal products is a crucial parameter for the implementation of personalized medicine. For example, sophisticated drug delivery systems can target the diseased tissue by recognizing patient-specific biomarkers while carrying pharmacologically active molecules. However, such nanomedicines can be recognized by the immune system as foreign triggering unexpected biological reactions. The anticipation of the immunogenic potential of emerging nanotechnology-based products in the preclinical phase is challenging due to high interspecies variations between the immune systems of laboratory animals and humans. A close monitoring of the scientific literature is required to better understand the relationship between various immune reactions and the diversity of nanomedicines currently in the development pipeline. We have reviewed the most frequent immune reactions induced by the nanomaterials in vivo and have identified the main effects triggered by lipid-based, polymer-based and inorganic nanoparticles, as the main categories of nanomaterials used in medicine. According to our results, almost 50% of the investigated nanomaterials induced effects related to the activation of the immune system. Among them, complement activation-related hypersensitivity reactions and activation of adaptive immune response were the most frequent effects reported for the lipid-based nanoparticles. However, many of these effects are not or are only partially covered by the current regulatory framework applicable for nanomedicines. In addition, we extracted the most relevant nanospecific properties responsible for the observed biological effects. Our analysis led to identification of the most prevalent measurement endpoints relevant for the assessment of the immunotoxic potential of the nanotechnology-based products and will support the smooth and safe translation of the new formulations to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Halamoda-Kenzaoui
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy,
| | - Susanne Bremer-Hoffmann
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy,
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Abstract
Toxicological tests of a xenobiotic play a key role to determine the safety of the new compound before it reaches the market. In this review article, we describe the main types of toxicological studies that can be performed in vivo to detect a possible undesired effect of a xenobiotic with especial emphasis on the data available for the different types of nanoparticles. The different procedures described in this review allow to obtain valuable information about the possible toxic effects of a xenobiotic to minimize the possible risks for patients once the compound has been approved for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Romero-Castillo
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Posadas
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - V. Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Overview on experimental models of interactions between nanoparticles and the immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1365-1378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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