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Borrell-Grueiro O, Mendez-González Y, Crespillo ML, Olivares J, Ramos-Ramos DJ, Junquera E, Bañares L, Guerrero-Martínez A, Rivera A, Peña-Rodríguez O. Effects of swift heavy ions on metal nanoparticles embedded in silica: Using linearly polarized light to monitor the elongation kinetics. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054706. [PMID: 39092947 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The elongation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a dielectric matrix after irradiation with swift heavy ions is a phenomenon that has been known for several years. However, the precise mechanism behind this deformation process is still not fully understood, primarily due to the dearth of information during intermediate stages of deformation. In this study, we report the continuation of our previous work [Peña-Rodríguez et al., Sci. Rep. 7(1), 922 (2017)], exploiting the strong dependence of the localized surface plasmon resonance on the aspect ratio of elongated metal NPs to study the elongation kinetics in situ. In situ optical absorption spectra were measured using a polarizing beam splitter to separate the longitudinal and transverse plasmon modes of the anisotropic NPs. Then, the detailed geometrical and compositional parameters were determined from a fit of these spectra. The use of linearly polarized light allowed for a more accurate analysis of the elongation kinetics, particularly useful in the first stages, where longitudinal and transverse modes overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Borrell-Grueiro
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde," Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yanela Mendez-González
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde," Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel L Crespillo
- Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CMAM-UAM), Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Olivares
- Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CMAM-UAM), Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), C/Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego J Ramos-Ramos
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde," Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Junquera
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivera
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde," Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ovidio Peña-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde," Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Malik P, Sarker D, Kumar D, Schwartzkopf M, Srivastava P, Ghosh S. Tuning LSPR of Thermal Spike-Induced Shape-Engineered Au Nanoparticles Embedded in Si 3N 4 Thin-Film Matrix for SERS Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45426-45440. [PMID: 37712830 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
While gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are widely used as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, their agglomeration and dynamic movement under laser irradiation result in the major drawback in SERS applications, viz., the repeatability of SERS signals. We tune the optical and structural properties of size- and shape-modified Au NPs embedded in a thin silicon nitride (Si3N4) matrix by intense electronic excitation with swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation with the aim of overcoming this classical SERS disadvantage. We demonstrate the shape evolution of a single layer of Au NPs inserted between amorphous Si3N4 thin films under fluences of 120 MeV Au9+ ions ranging between 1 × 1011 and 1 × 1013 ions cm-2. This shape modification results in the gradual blue shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) dip until 1 × 1012 ions/cm2 and then a sudden diminishment at 1 × 1013 ions/cm2. Finite domain time difference (FDTD) simulations further justify our experimental optical spectra. The dynamical NP aggregation and dissolution, in addition to NP elongation and deformation at different fluences, are noted from 2D grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) profiles, as well as cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM). The systematic shape evolution of metal NPs embedded in the insulating matrix is shown to be due to thermal spike-induced localized melting and a localized pressure hike upon SHI irradiation. Utilizing this specific control over the characteristics of Au NPs, viz., shape, size, interparticle gap, and corresponding optical response via SHI irradiation, we demonstrate their applications as very stable SERS substrates, where the separation between NPs and analyte does not alter under laser illumination. Thus, these irradiated SERS active substrates with controlled NP size and gap provide the optimal conditions for creating localized electromagnetic hotspots that amplify the SERS signals, which do not alter with time or laser exposure. We found that the film irradiated with 1 × 1011 exhibits the highest SERS intensity due to its optimal NP size distribution and shape. Thus, not only our study provides a SERS substrate for stable and repeatable signals but also the understanding depicted here opens new research avenues in designing SERS substrates, photovoltaics, optoelectronic devices, etc. with ion beam irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariksha Malik
- Nanostech Lab., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Debalaya Sarker
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | | | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Nanostech Lab., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Santanu Ghosh
- Nanostech Lab., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Li R, Narumi K, Chiba A, Hirano Y, Tsuya D, Yamamoto S, Saitoh Y, Okubo N, Ishikawa N, Pang C, Chen F, Amekura H. Matrix-material dependence on the elongation of embedded gold nanoparticles induced by 4 MeV C 60 and 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:265606. [PMID: 32155610 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the elongation of embedded Au nanoparticles (NPs) in three different matrices, i.e. amorphous carbon (a-C), crystalline indium tin oxide (InxSn1-xOz; ITO) and crystalline calcium fluoride (CaF2), under irradiations of 4 MeV C60 + cluster ions and 200 MeV Xe14+ ions. Under 4 MeV C60 cluster irradiation, strong sputtering is induced in CaF2 layer so that the whole the layer was completely lost at a fluence of 5 × 1013 ions cm-2. Au NPs were partly observed in the SiO2, probably due to the recoil implantation. Amorphous carbon (a-C) layer exhibits low sputtering loss even under 4 MeV C60 irradiation. However, the elongation in a-C layer was low. While the ITO layer showed a certain decrease in thickness under 4 MeV C60 irradiation, large elongation of Au NPs was observed under both 4 MeV C60 and 200 MeV Xe irradiation. The ITO layer preserved the crystallinity even after large elongation was induced. This is the first report of the elongation of metal NPs in a crystalline matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Hydrogen Materials Engineering Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan. School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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C 60 ions of 1 MeV are slow but elongate nanoparticles like swift heavy ions of hundreds MeV. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14980. [PMID: 31628343 PMCID: PMC6800440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports that high fluence fullerene ion (C60+) irradiation of 1–6 MeV, which was made possible by a new-type of high-flux ion source, elongates metal nanoparticles (NPs) in amorphous SiO2 as efficiently as swift heavy ions (SHIs) of 200 MeV Xe14+, i.e., two orders of the magnitude higher energy ions. Comparing the irradiation effects induced by both the beams, the stopping processes of C60 ions in SiO2 are discussed in this paper. Despite of having almost the same elongation efficiency, the C60+ irradiation induced ~10 times more efficient sputtering due to the clustering enhancement and/or the synergy effect. Ion tracks of ~10.4 nm in diameter and 60–80 nm in length were observed in crystalline SiO2 under 4 MeV C60 irradiation. While the track diameter was comparable to those by SHIs of the same electronic stopping, much shorter track lengths than those predicted by a rigid C60 molecule model indicates that the fragmentation occurred due to nuclear collisions. The elongation of the metal NPs was induced only down to the depth where the tracks were observed but not beyond.
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Pang C, Li R, Li Z, Dong N, Wang J, Ren F, Chen F. Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles embedded in lithium tantalate crystal for ultrafast laser generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:334001. [PMID: 31013488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1b97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in LiTaO3 (AgNP:LT) by direct Ag+ ion implantation. Transmission electron microscope imaging indicates that the embedded Ag NPs have an average diameter of 3.65 nm. The linear optical absorption spectrum of AgNP:LT peaking at 477 nm is observed owing to the typical effect of localized surface plasmon resonance. Z-scan investigation shows ultrafast saturable absorption of AgNP:LT at the near infrared 1 μm wavelength, which enables AgNP:LT to be a new saturable absorber (SA) for the generation of 1 μm Q-switched mode-locked pulsed laser with pulse duration of 35 ps and repetition rate of 8.74 GHz. This work not only opens a new way to tailor the nonlinearity of LiTaO3 by embedding Ag+ NPs, but also develops AgNP:LT as a new SA for ultrafast laser generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Pang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Li R, Pang C, Amekura H, Ren F, Hübner R, Zhou S, Ishikawa N, Okubo N, Chen F. Ag nanoparticles embedded in Nd:YAG crystals irradiated with tilted beam of 200 MeV Xe ions: optical dichroism correlated to particle reshaping. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:424001. [PMID: 30067227 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad75b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of reshaped Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a Nd:YAG crystal by combining Ag ion implantation and swift heavy Xe ion irradiation. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect is proved to be efficiently modulated according to the phenomenon of polarization-dependent absorption. The LSPR peak located at 448 nm shows red shift and blue shift at 0° and 90° polarization, respectively, which is in good agreement with calculation by discrete dipole approximation. Based on the near-field intensity distribution, the interaction between reshaped NPs shows a non-ignorable effect on the optical absorption. Furthermore, the polarization-dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity is analyzed, which is positively related to the modulated LSPR absorption. It demonstrates the potential of the enhancement of PL intensity by embedded plasmonic Ag NPs. This work breaks the conventional view of the quenching effect of NPs by ion irradiation and opens a new way to realize the modulation of optical dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rang Li
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Amekura H, Shinotsuka H, Yoshikawa H. Are the triple surface plasmon resonances in Zn nanoparticles true? NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:495712. [PMID: 29053111 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa950d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been experimentally and numerically confirmed that zinc (Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in silica exhibit two optical extinction peaks around ∼250 nm (1st peak) and ∼1050 nm (2nd peak), both of which were ascribed to surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) in the broad sense, i.e., the dual SPRs. Recently, Kuiri and Majhi (KM) observed the 3rd peak around ∼900 nm by calculations, and proposed the triple SPRs for Zn NPs without any experimental confirmation. This paper claims that the 3rd peak has never been observed in any experiments nor in any calculations except given by KM. They justified the triple resonances from an approximated SPR criterion, ε 1Zn(ω) + 2ε 1SiO2 (ω) = 0, which is not valid for non-idealized metals like Zn, because the imaginary part of the dielectric function ε 2Zn(ω) is not negligible. Instead, a rigorous SPR criterion predicts the dual resonances only. From comparisons with ab initio band calculations, the 1st and 2nd extinction peak are ascribed to resonantly enhanced inter-band transitions (so-called electronic resonance) and intra-band transitions (SPR in the narrow sense), respectively. Since either of the peaks arises from the resonant enhancement due to the dielectric function, both the peaks are regarded as SPRs in the broad sense, i.e. the dual SPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Amekura
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Peña-Rodríguez O, Prada A, Olivares J, Oliver A, Rodríguez-Fernández L, Silva-Pereyra HG, Bringa E, Perlado JM, Rivera A. Understanding the ion-induced elongation of silver nanoparticles embedded in silica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:922. [PMID: 28424491 PMCID: PMC5430427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have studied the elongation of silver nanoparticles irradiated with 40 MeV Bromine ions by means of in situ optical measurements, transmission electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The localized surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles has a strong dependence on the particle shape and size, which allowed us to obtain the geometrical parameters with remarkable accuracy by means of a fit of the optical spectra. Optical results have been compared with transmission electron microscopy images and molecular dynamics simulations and the agreement is excellent in both cases. An important advantage of in situ measurements is that they yield an extremely detailed information of the full elongation kinetics. Final nanoparticle elongation depends on a complex competition between single-ion deformation, Ostwald ripening and dissolution. Building and validating theoretical models with the data reported in this work should be easier than with the information previously available, due to the unprecedented level of kinetic details obtained from the in situ measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidio Peña-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Prada
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Olivares
- Instituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), C/Serrano 121, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Oliver
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 20-364, México, D.F., 01000, Mexico
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 20-364, México, D.F., 01000, Mexico
| | - Héctor G Silva-Pereyra
- IPICyT, Division de Materiales Avanzados, Camino a la presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., 78216, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Bringa
- CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - José Manuel Perlado
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivera
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
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Fabrication of Ion-Shaped Anisotropic Nanoparticles and their Orientational Imaging by Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37469. [PMID: 27881838 PMCID: PMC5121593 DOI: 10.1038/srep37469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion beam shaping is a novel and powerful tool to engineer nanocomposites with effective three-dimensional (3D) architectures. In particular, this technique offers the possibility to precisely control the size, shape and 3D orientation of metallic nanoparticles at the nanometer scale while keeping the particle volume constant. Here, we use swift heavy ions of xenon for irradiation in order to successfully fabricate nanocomposites consisting of anisotropic gold nanoparticle that are oriented in 3D and embedded in silica matrix. Furthermore, we investigate individual nanorods using a nonlinear optical microscope based on second-harmonic generation (SHG). A tightly focused linearly or radially-polarized laser beam is used to excite nanorods with different orientations. We demonstrate high sensitivity of the SHG response for these polarizations to the orientation of the nanorods. The SHG measurements are in excellent agreement with the results of numerical modeling based on the boundary element method.
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Ion-shaping of embedded gold hollow nanoshells into vertically aligned prolate morphologies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21116. [PMID: 26883992 PMCID: PMC4756376 DOI: 10.1038/srep21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion beam shaping is a novel technique with which one can shape nano-structures that are embedded in a matrix, while simultaneously imposing their orientation in space. In this work, we demonstrate that the ion-shaping technique can be implemented successfully to engineer the morphology of hollow metallic spherical particles embedded within a silica matrix. The outer diameter of these particles ranges between 20 and 60 nm and their shell thickness between 3 and 14 nm. Samples have been irradiated with 74 MeV Kr ions at room temperature and for increasing fluences up to 3.8 × 10(14) cm(-2). In parallel, the experimental results have been theoretically simulated by using a three-dimensional code based on the thermal-spike model. These calculations show that the particles undergo a partial melting during the ion impact, and that the amount of molten phase is maximal when the impact is off-center, hitting only one hemisphere of the hollow nano-particle. We suggest a deformation scenario which differs from the one that is generally proposed for solid nano-particles. Finally, these functional materials can be seen as building blocks for the fabrication of nanodevices with really three-dimensional architecture.
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Amekura H, Okubo N, Ishikawa N. Optical birefringence of Zn nanoparticles embedded in silica induced by swift heavy-ion irradiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29888-29898. [PMID: 25606918 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zn nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a silica matrix subjected to irradiation with swift heavy ions of 200 MeV Xe¹⁴⁺ have been found to undergo shape elongation from spheres to prolate-spheroids while maintaining the major axes of the NPs in parallel alignment. The directionally-aligned Zn spheroids enable acquisition of optical properties, such as linear dichroism and birefringence. In this paper, the birefringence of the Zn spheroids was evaluated by the crossed-Nicols (XN) transmittance, where a sample was inserted between a pair of optical polarizers that were set in an orthogonal configuration. Linearly-polarized light aligned by the first polarizer was transformed to an elliptic polarization by the birefringence of the Zn spheroids. The existence of the birefringence was confirmed by the non-zero transmittance of the second polarizer in the orthogonal configuration. The sample irradiated with a fluence of 5.0 × 10¹³ ions/cm² exhibited a maximum XN transmittance of 2.1% at a photon energy of ~4 eV. The XN transmission was observed down to a fluence of 1.0 × 10¹² ions/cm², but reduced below the detection limit at a fluence of 1.0 × 10¹¹ ions/cm². The possible application of the elongated Zn NPs as a polarizer with nanometric thickness working in the near- and mid-ultraviolet region is discussed.
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