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Cavalheiro Maeda V, Correa CM, Mamoru Otsuka Hamanaka MH, Hamanaka VN, Molina C, Camilo FF. Electrical and mechanical properties of self-supported hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-polyaniline conducting films. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7913-7920. [PMID: 36909744 PMCID: PMC9997452 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00916e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop a simple method to produce self-supported films composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyaniline (PANI) by the direct mixture of aqueous dispersions of both polymers with subsequent drying. The addition of HPMC, a cellulose derivative with an excellent film-forming capacity, was fundamental to overcoming the poor processability of PANI, which impairs its use in many technological applications. All films showed conductivity in the order of 10-2 to 10-3 S cm-1, which is in the range for metals or semiconductors. The typical electroactivity of PANI was also maintained in the hybrid films. The thermal stability and the mechanical properties of the pristine PANI were also improved with the addition of HPMC. Cellulose-containing conducting polymers can be considered a material of the future, with possible applications in several areas, such as smart wallpapers, e-papers, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Cavalheiro Maeda
- Autocoat Equipamentos e Processos de Deposição LTDA Rua Daniel Hogan, 434 - Sala 25 - Cidade Universitária CEP 13083-836 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Cintia Marques Correa
- Autocoat Equipamentos e Processos de Deposição LTDA Rua Daniel Hogan, 434 - Sala 25 - Cidade Universitária CEP 13083-836 Campinas SP Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Nogueira Hamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, 210 - Laboratório de Materiais Híbridos Rua São Nicolau Diadema CEP: 09913-030 SP Brazil
| | - Celso Molina
- Autocoat Equipamentos e Processos de Deposição LTDA Rua Daniel Hogan, 434 - Sala 25 - Cidade Universitária CEP 13083-836 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Camilo
- Autocoat Equipamentos e Processos de Deposição LTDA Rua Daniel Hogan, 434 - Sala 25 - Cidade Universitária CEP 13083-836 Campinas SP Brazil
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2
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Burden B, Rodriguez-Alvarez JS, Levi N, Gayzik FS. Application of survival analysis to model proliferation likelihood of Escherichia coli biofilm following laser-induced hyperthermia treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1001017. [PMID: 36761303 PMCID: PMC9903214 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighty percent of bacterial infections associated with living tissue and medical devices are linked to drug-resistant biofilms, leading to lengthy and costly recoveries. Laser-induced hyperthermia can disrupt cell proliferation within biofilms and increase susceptibility to antibiotics. However, there can be bacterial survival differences dependent upon laser irradiation times, and prolonged time at elevated temperature can damage healthy tissue. The objective of this study was to use survival analysis to model the impact of temperature increases on reducing viable biofilm bacteria. In vitro biofilms of Escherichia coli were grown on silicone discs or silicone doped with photothermal poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hydrate (PEDOT) nanotubes, and subjected to laser-induced hyperthermia, using a 3 W continuous wave laser at 800 nm for varying times. The number of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and maximum temperature were measured after each trial. Survival analysis was employed to estimate bacterial cell proliferation post-treatment to provide a quantitative framework for future studies evaluating photothermal inactivation of bacterial biofilms. The results demonstrate the first application of survival analysis for predicting the likelihood of bacterial cell proliferation based on temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Burden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Nicole Levi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - F. Scott Gayzik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States,*Correspondence: F. Scott Gayzik,
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3
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Bonardd S, Nandi M, Hernández García JI, Maiti B, Abramov A, Díaz Díaz D. Self-Healing Polymeric Soft Actuators. Chem Rev 2022; 123:736-810. [PMID: 36542491 PMCID: PMC9881012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural evolution has provided multicellular organisms with sophisticated functionalities and repair mechanisms for surviving and preserve their functions after an injury and/or infection. In this context, biological systems have inspired material scientists over decades to design and fabricate both self-healing polymeric materials and soft actuators with remarkable performance. The latter are capable of modifying their shape in response to environmental changes, such as temperature, pH, light, electrical/magnetic field, chemical additives, etc. In this review, we focus on the fusion of both types of materials, affording new systems with the potential to revolutionize almost every aspect of our modern life, from healthcare to environmental remediation and energy. The integration of stimuli-triggered self-healing properties into polymeric soft actuators endow environmental friendliness, cost-saving, enhanced safety, and lifespan of functional materials. We discuss the details of the most remarkable examples of self-healing soft actuators that display a macroscopic movement under specific stimuli. The discussion includes key experimental data, potential limitations, and mechanistic insights. Finally, we include a general table providing at first glance information about the nature of the external stimuli, conditions for self-healing and actuation, key information about the driving forces behind both phenomena, and the most important features of the achieved movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bonardd
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,S.D.: email,
| | - Mridula Nandi
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - José Ignacio Hernández García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain
| | - Binoy Maiti
- School
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Alex Abramov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife Spain,Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany,D.D.D.:
email,
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4
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Pallavicini P, Chirico G, Taglietti A. Harvesting Light To Produce Heat: Photothermal Nanoparticles for Technological Applications and Biomedical Devices. Chemistry 2021; 27:15361-15374. [PMID: 34406677 PMCID: PMC8597085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The photothermal properties of nanoparticles (NPs), that is, their ability to convert absorbed light into heat, have been studied since the end of the last century, mainly on gold NPs. In the new millennium, these studies have developed into a burst of research dedicated to the photothermal ablation of tumors. However, beside this strictly medical theme, research has also flourished in the connected areas of photothermal antibacterial surface coatings, gels and polymers, of photothermal surfaces for cell stimulation, as well as in purely technological areas that do not involve medical biotechnology. These include the direct conversion of solar light into heat, a more efficient sun-powered generation of steam and the use of inkjet-printed patterns of photothermal NPs for anticounterfeit printing based on temperature reading, to cite but a few. After an analysis of the photothermal effect (PTE) and its mechanism, this minireview briefly considers the antitumor-therapy theme and takes an in-depth look at all the other technological and biomedical applications of the PTE, paying particular attention to photothermal materials whose NPs have joined those based on Au.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Department of Physics “G. Occhialini”Università Milano Bicoccap.zza della Scienza 3XX100MilanoItaly
| | - Angelo Taglietti
- Department of ChemistryUniversità degli Studi di Paviav. Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
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5
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Pickering emulsions stabilized with
PANI‐NP
. Study of the thermoresponsive behavior under heating and radiofrequency irradiation. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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6
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Yasothamani V, Karthikeyan L, Shyamsivappan S, Haldorai Y, Seetha D, Vivek R. Synergistic Effect of Photothermally Targeted NIR-Responsive Nanomedicine-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death for Effective Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2472-2490. [PMID: 34014660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype. At present, TNBC patients do not have approved targeted therapy. Therefore, patients primarily depend on forceful systemic chemotherapy that has unavoidable harmful side effects, resulting in inadequate therapeutic outcomes and leading to a high mortality rate. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop targeted therapies for the TNBC populace. Developing a new nanotherapeutic approach of combinational therapy could be an effective alternative strategy. Therefore, we designed a combination of hyaluronan (HA)-polyaniline (PANi)-imiquimod (R837), denoted as HA-PANi/R837, nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibited a high extinction coefficient of 8.23 × 108 M-1 cm-1 and adequate photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) (η = 41.6%), making them an efficient photothermal agent (PTA) that is highly beneficial for selective CD44-mediated photothermal ablation of TNBC tumors. Furthermore, co-encapsulation of R837 (toll-like receptor 7 agonist) immunoadjuvant molecules triggers an immune response against the tumor. The formed CD44-targeted HA-PANi/R837 NPs' selectivity incinerates the tumor under near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photothermal ablation, generating tumor-associated antigens and triggering R837 combination with anti-CTLA-4 for immunogenic cell death (ICD) activation to kill the remaining tumor cells in mice and protect against tumor relapse and metastasis. Our results demonstrated that novel HA-PANi/R837 NP-induced photothermal ICD achieved in CD44-targeted TNBC is a promising application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellingiri Yasothamani
- Cancer Research Program (CPR), Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Laxmanan Karthikeyan
- Cancer Research Program (CPR), Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Selvaraj Shyamsivappan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Dayakar Seetha
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695585, Kerala, India
| | - Raju Vivek
- Cancer Research Program (CPR), Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
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7
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Wedepohl S, Theune LE, Alemán C, Calderón M. Effect of conducting/thermoresponsive polymer ratio on multitasking nanogels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111598. [PMID: 33321642 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Semi-interpenetrated nanogels (NGs) able to release and sense diclofenac (DIC) have been designed to act as photothermal agents with the possibility to ablate cancer cells using mild-temperatures (<45 °C). Combining mild heat treatments with simultaneous chemotherapy appears as a very promising therapeutic strategy to avoid heat resistance or damaging the surrounding tissues. Particularly, NGs consisted on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) mesh containing a semi-interpenetrating network (SIPN) of poly(hydroxymethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeEDOT). The PHMeEDOT acted as photothermal and conducting agent, while PNIPAM-dPG NG provided thermoresponsivity and acted as stabilizer. We studied how semi-interpenetration modified the physicochemical characteristics of the thermoresponsive SIPN NGs and selected the best condition to generate a multifunctional photothermal agent. The thermoswitchable conductiveness of the multifunctional NGs and the redox activity of DIC could be utilized for its electrochemical detection. Besides, as proof of the therapeutic concept, we investigated the combinatorial effect of photothermal therapy (PTT) and DIC treatment using the HeLa cancer cell line in vitro. Within 15 min NIR irradiation without surpassing 45 °C we were able to kill 95% of the cells, demonstrating the potential of SIPN NGs as drug carriers, sensors and agents for mild PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefanie Wedepohl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Loryn E Theune
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; POLYMAT and Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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8
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Vretik LO, Noskov YV, Ogurtsov NA, Nikolaeva OA, Shevchenko AV, Marynin AI, Kharchuk MS, Chepurna OM, Ohulchanskyy TY, Pud AA. Thermosensitive ternary core–shell nanocomposites of polystyrene, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyaniline. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Abel SB, Rivarola CR, Barbero CA, Molina M. Electromagnetic radiation driving of volume changes in nanocomposites made of a thermosensitive hydrogel polymerized around conducting polymer nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9155-9164. [PMID: 35496518 PMCID: PMC9050122 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites were obtained by the formation of a thermosensitive hydrogel matrix around conducting polymer (CP) nanoparticles. The CP is able to absorb electromagnetic radiation which is converted into heat and induces the phase transition of the surrounding hydrogel. The method chosen to form the hydrogel is the free radical polymerization of a copolymer (N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropano sulfonic acid (AMPS), PNIPAM-co-2% AMPS) in the presence of bisacrylamide as the crosslinker. The nanoparticles are polypyrrole nanospheres (PPy NP), polyaniline nanofibers (PANI NF), and polyaniline nanospheres (PANI NP). The morphology of the composites was studied using SEM microscopy and the percentage composition of each material was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling equilibrium capacity and rate are clearly affected by the nanoparticle shape and nature. However, the nanocomposites LCST are similar to that of the matrix. Upon RF irradiation, the three nanocomposites increase the temperature and reach the LCST after 320 seconds of irradiation (320 kJ). Upon MW application, the local temperature reaches the LCST after only 30 s (21 kJ), resulting in a MW more effective than RF to drive the transition. These results demonstrate that the proposed materials are useful as a remotely driven actuator. A novel synthetic method of photothermally activated nanocomposites by in situ formation of hydrogel matrixes around dispersed conducting polymer nanoparticles is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
| | - Claudia R Rivarola
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
| | - Cesar A Barbero
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
| | - Maria Molina
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
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10
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Rastogi P, Njuguna J, Kandasubramanian B. Exploration of elastomeric and polymeric liquid crystals with photothermal actuation: A review. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Bongiovanni Abel S, Riberi K, Rivarola CR, Molina M, Barbero CA. Synthesis of a Smart Conductive Block Copolymer Responsive to Heat and Near Infrared Light. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111744. [PMID: 31652987 PMCID: PMC6918231 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of a linear block copolymer (PNIPAM-b-PANI), containing a thermoresponsive block (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM) and a Near Infrared (NIR) light-absorbing block (polyaniline, PANI), is reported. The synthetic approach involves a two-step successive polymerization reaction. First, the radical polymerization of NIPAM is done using 4-aminothiophenol as a chain transfer agent for the obtention of thermosensitive block terminated with an aniline (ANI) moiety. Second, the oxidative polymerization of ANI is initiated in ANI moiety of thermosensitive block to grow the second conductive PANI block. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and FT-IR spectroscopy shows the characteristics peaks of both polymeric blocks revealing the successful copolymerization process. Static Light Scattering (SLS) and UV-Visible combined measurements allowed the determination of the Mw for PNIPAM-b-PANI macromolecule: 5.5 × 105 g mol−1. The resulting copolymer is soluble in water (8.3 g L−1) and in non-aqueous solvents, such as ethanol, formic acid, acetonitrile, and others. Both polymer blocks chains show the properties of the polymer chains. The block copolymer shows a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at the same temperature (32–34 °C) than PNIPAM, while the copolymer shows pH dependent UV-vis-NIR absorption similar to PANI. The PNIPAM block suffers a coil to globule transition upon NIR light irradiation (785 nm, 100 mW), as shown by turbidimetry and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), due to local heating (more than 9 °C in 12 min) induced by the NIR absorption at the PANI block. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of PNIPAM-b-PANI thin films is demonstrated (resistivity of 5.3 × 10−4 Ω−1 cm−1), indicating that the PANI block is present in its conductive form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ruta Nacional N° 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto (Córdoba) 5800, Argentina.
- Present Address: Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires) 7600, Argentina.
| | - Kevin Riberi
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ruta Nacional N° 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto (Córdoba) 5800, Argentina.
| | - Claudia R Rivarola
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ruta Nacional N° 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto (Córdoba) 5800, Argentina.
| | - Maria Molina
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ruta Nacional N° 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto (Córdoba) 5800, Argentina.
| | - Cesar A Barbero
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ruta Nacional N° 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto (Córdoba) 5800, Argentina.
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12
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Liu JAC, Gillen JH, Mishra SR, Evans BA, Tracy JB. Photothermally and magnetically controlled reconfiguration of polymer composites for soft robotics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2897. [PMID: 31414046 PMCID: PMC6677553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
New materials are advancing the field of soft robotics. Composite films of magnetic iron microparticles dispersed in a shape memory polymer matrix are demonstrated for reconfigurable, remotely actuated soft robots. The composite films simultaneously respond to magnetic fields and light. Temporary shapes obtained through combined magnetic actuation and photothermal heating can be locked by switching off the light and magnetic field. Subsequent illumination in the absence of the magnetic field drives recovery of the permanent shape. In cantilevers and flowers, multiple cycles of locking and unlocking are demonstrated. Scrolls show that the permanent shape of the film can be programmed, and they can be frozen in intermediate configurations. Bistable snappers can be magnetically and optically actuated, as well as biased, by controlling the permanent shape. Grabbers can pick up and release objects repeatedly. Simulations of combined photothermal heating and magnetic actuation are useful for guiding the design of new devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A.-C. Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Gillen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sumeet R. Mishra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Joseph B. Tracy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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13
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Formation and behavior of negative ions in low pressure aniline-containing RF plasmas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10886. [PMID: 31350525 PMCID: PMC6659649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is focused on the formation mechanisms and the general behavior of negative ions in low pressure radio-frequency (RF) plasmas operated in a mixture of argon and aniline vapor. This type of plasma is mostly used for the synthesis of polyaniline, one of the most studied conductive polymers. Experiments based on mass spectroscopy measurements reveal the necessity to have a thin layer of plasma synthesized polyaniline on the electrodes to produce negative ions through complex surface reactions. In addition, thin-films deposited using this type of discharge are analyzed by means of Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The material analysis gives a first indication about the possible contribution of negative ions to polyaniline deposition.
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14
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Wang G, Wu W, Yang H, Zhang P, Wang J. Intact polyaniline coating as a conductive guidance is beneficial to repairing sciatic nerve injury. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:128-142. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jin‐Ye Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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15
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Fan P, Fan Z, Huang F, Yang J, Chen F, Fei Z, Zhong M. GO@Polyaniline Nanorod Array Hierarchical Structure: A Photothermal Agent with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Fast Near-Infrared Responsive Hydrogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhe Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fanglin Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhengdong Fei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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16
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Li Z, Xia L, Li G, Hu Y. Raman spectroscopic imaging of pH values in cancerous tissue by using polyaniline@gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:162. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Fabrication of polyaniline–carbon nano composite for application in sensitive flexible acid sensor. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Vivek R, Wu W, Wang G, Wang JY. Fabrication of Stable and Well-Dispersed Polyaniline–Polypyrrolidone Nanocomposite for Effective Photothermal Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1880-1890. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Raju Vivek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guowu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin-Ye Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Conducting polymer colloids, hydrogels, and cryogels: common start to various destinations. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Yue X, Zhang Q, Dai Z. Near-infrared light-activatable polymeric nanoformulations for combined therapy and imaging of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 115:155-170. [PMID: 28455188 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) light allows deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution due to the reduced scattering of long-wavelength photons. NIR light-activatable polymer nanoparticles are widely exploited for enhanced cancer imaging (diagnosis) and therapy owing to their superior photostability, photothermal conversion efficiency (or high emission rate), and minimal toxicity to cells and tissues. This review surveys the most recent advances in the synthesis of different NIR-absorbing and emissive polymer nanoformulations, and their applications for cancer imaging, photothermal therapy, theranostics and combination therapy by delivering multiple small molecule chemotherapeutics. Photo-responsive drug delivery systems for NIR light-triggered drug release are also discussed with particular emphasis on their molecular designs and formulations as well as photo-reaction mechanisms. Finally, outlook and challenges are presented regarding potential clinical applications of NIR light-activatable nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Yue
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, College of Engineering, College of Pharmaceutics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, College of Engineering, College of Pharmaceutics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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21
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Qi X, Xiong L, Peng J, Tang D. Near infrared laser-controlled drug release of thermoresponsive microgel encapsulated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One major issue in thermosensitive drug delivery systems is the remote, repeatable control of temperature in vivo through external stimuli such as light, ultrasound, and magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Lu Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jing Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Dongyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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22
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Li S, Liu Z, Su C, Chen H, Fei X, Guo Z. Biological pH sensing based on the environmentally friendly Raman technique through a polyaniline probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1387-1394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Xing Y, Li L, Ai X, Fu L. Polyaniline-coated upconversion nanoparticles with upconverting luminescent and photothermal conversion properties for photothermal cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4327-38. [PMID: 27621625 PMCID: PMC5015879 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s97441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a nanosystem based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated with a layer of polyaniline nanoparticles (PANPs). The UCNP induces upconversion luminescence for imaging and photothermal conversion properties are due to PANPs. In vitro experiments showed that the UCNPs-PANPs were nontoxic to cells even at a high concentration (800 µg mL−1). Blood analysis and histological experiments demonstrated that the UCNPs-PANPs exhibited no apparent toxicity in mice in vivo. Besides their efficacy in photothermal cancer cell ablation, the UCNP-PANP nanosystem was found to achieve an effective in vivo tumor ablation effect after irradiation using an 808 nm laser. These results demonstrate the potential of the hybrid nanocomposites for use in imaging-guided photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luoyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Liu W, Guo LX, Lin BP, Zhang XQ, Sun Y, Yang H. Near-Infrared Responsive Liquid Crystalline Elastomers Containing Photothermal Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering
Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering
Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Bao-Ping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering
Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering
Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering
Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering
Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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25
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Chen H, Liu Z, Li S, Su C, Qiu X, Zhong H, Guo Z. Fabrication of Graphene and AuNP Core Polyaniline Shell Nanocomposites as Multifunctional Theranostic Platforms for SERS Real-time Monitoring and Chemo-photothermal Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1096-104. [PMID: 27279904 PMCID: PMC4893638 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, novel theranostic platforms based on graphene oxide and AuNP core polyaniline shell (GO-Au@PANI) nanocomposites are fabricated for simultaneous SERS imaging and chemo-photothermal therapy. PANI, a new NIR photothermal therapy agent with strong NIR absorption, outstanding stability and low cytotoxicity is decorated on AuNPs by one-pot oxidative polymerization, then the Au@PANI core-shell nanoparticles are attached to the graphene oxide (GO) sheet via π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction. The obtained GO-Au@PANI nanohybirds exhibit excellent NIR photothermal transduction efficiency and ultrahigh drug-loading capacity. The nanocomposites can also serve as novel NIR SERS probes utilizing the intense SERS signals of PANI. Rapid SERS imaging of cancer cells is achieved using this ultrasensitive nanoprobe. GO-Au@PANI also reveals good capability of drug delivery with the DOX-loading efficiency of 189.2% and sensitive NIR/pH-responsive DOX release. The intracellular real-time drug release dynamics from the nanocomposites is monitored by SERS-fluorescence dual mode imaging. Finally, chemo-photothermal ablation of cancer cells is carried out in vitro and in vivo using GO-Au@PANI as high-performance chemo-photothermal therapeutic nanoagent. The theranostic applications of GO-Au@PANI endow it with great potential for personalized and precise cancer medicine.
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26
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Molina M, Wedepohl S, Calderón M. Polymeric near-infrared absorbing dendritic nanogels for efficient in vivo photothermal cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5852-5856. [PMID: 26931077 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07587d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several near-infrared light absorbing inorganic nanomaterials have been developed for photothermal therapy. However, their biological fate after injection limits their clinical utilization. In this work, we developed a novel polymeric near-infrared light absorbing material based on a biocompatible thermoresponsive nanogel that is semi-interpenetrated with polyaniline, a conjugated polymer with strong near-infrared absorbance. This polymeric nanocomposite generates heat after being irradiated by NIR light, thereby inducing a local hyperthermia that is used for photothermal cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Molina
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Wedepohl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Meng Z, Wei F, Wang R, Xia M, Chen Z, Wang H, Zhu M. NIR-Laser-Switched In Vivo Smart Nanocapsules for Synergic Photothermal and Chemotherapy of Tumors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:245-53. [PMID: 26551334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In vivo MEO2 MA@MEO2 MA-co-OEGMA-CuS-DOX (G-CuS-DOX) nanocapsules increase the temperature of tumors from room temperature to 57 °C due to the photothermal effect under irradiation from a 915-nm laser. When the temperature exceeds 42 °C, photothermal therapy of G-CuS-DOX is switched on. Simultaneously, higher temperatures (>LCST, 42 °C) induce volume shrinkage of G-CuS-DOX in vivo, leading to the controllable release of the anticancer drug DOX. If the NIR laser is switched off, both therapy effects are interrupted immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Experimental Research Center, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Experimental Research Center, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengge Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Experimental Research Center, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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28
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Ng KK, Zheng G. Molecular Interactions in Organic Nanoparticles for Phototheranostic Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11012-42. [PMID: 26244706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Ng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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29
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Hou H, Chen L, He H, Chen L, Zhao Z, Jin Y. Fine-tuning the LSPR response of gold nanorod–polyaniline core–shell nanoparticles with high photothermal efficiency for cancer cell ablation. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5189-5196. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00556f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine-tuning the LSPR response of Au nanorod–polyaniline core–shell nanoparticles can achieve high photothermal efficiency and stability for cancer cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Haili He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenlu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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