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Hou C, Shen Y, Xin J, Guo Y, Wang Q. Three-dimensional porous borocarbonitride composed of pentagonal motifs as a high-performance pyroelectric material. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28965-28973. [PMID: 37859546 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02997b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Pyroelectric materials have been attracting significant attention due to their intrinsic and permanent polarization, where the induced polarization is not associated with specific conditions, such as ferroelectric phase transition, strain gradient, dopants, and electric field. Thus, these materials have great potential for wide applications in energy conversion. Here, we propose a new 3D porous borocarbonitride termed PH-BCN, which is composed of pentagonal motifs with intrinsic polarization along the [0001] direction. Based on first-principles calculations, we show that PH-BCN possesses a record high longitudinal electromechanical coupling coefficient with the value of k33 = 97.99%, a remarkably strong SHG response (χ(2)xzx(0) = χ(2)yzy(0) = χ(2)zxx(0) = χ(2)zyy(0) = -6.23 pm V-1 and χ(2)zzz(0) = 21.21 pm V-1), and a record high shift current value of 908.58 μA V-2 due to the intrinsic vertical polarization. This study expands the family of pentagon-based materials, and may open a new frontier in the design of high-performance pyroelectric materials as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiheng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiaqi Xin
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yaguang Guo
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Mighri R, Demirci UB, Alauzun JG. Microporous Borocarbonitrides B xC yN z: Synthesis, Characterization, and Promises for CO 2 Capture. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:734. [PMID: 36839102 PMCID: PMC9960740 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Porous borocarbonitrides (denoted BCN) were prepared through pyrolysis of the polymer stemmed from dehydrocoupled ethane 1,2-diamineborane (BH3NH2CH2CH2NH2BH3, EDAB) in the presence of F-127. These materials contain interconnected pores in the nanometer range with a high specific surface area up to 511 m2 · g-1. Gas adsorption of CO2 demonstrated an interesting uptake (3.23 mmol · g-1 at 0 °C), a high CO2/N2 selectivity as well as a significant recyclability after several adsorption-desorption cycles. For comparison's sake, a synthesized non-porous BCN as well as a commercial BN sample were studied to investigate the role of porosity and carbon doping factors in CO2 capture. The present work thus tends to demonstrate that the two-step synthesis of microporous BCN adsorbent materials from EDAB using a bottom-up approach (dehydrocoupling followed by pyrolysis at 1100 °C) is relatively simple and interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimeh Mighri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Umit B. Demirci
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM–UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Johan G. Alauzun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
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3
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Jiménez-Arévalo N, Flores E, Giampietri A, Sbroscia M, Betti MG, Mariani C, Ares JR, J. Ferrer I, Leardini F. Borocarbonitride Layers on Titanium Dioxide Nanoribbons for Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195490. [PMID: 34639887 PMCID: PMC8509612 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterostructures formed by ultrathin borocarbonitride (BCN) layers grown on TiO2 nanoribbons were investigated as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. TiO2 nanoribbons were obtained by thermal oxidation of TiS3 samples. Then, BCN layers were successfully grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The structure and the chemical composition of the starting TiS3, the TiO2 nanoribbons and the TiO2-BCN heterostructures were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Diffuse reflectance measurements showed a change in the gap from 0.94 eV (TiS3) to 3.3 eV (TiO2) after the thermal annealing of the starting material. Morphological characterizations, such as scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, show that the morphology of the samples was not affected by the change in the structure and composition. The obtained TiO2-BCN heterostructures were measured in a photoelectrochemical cell, showing an enhanced density of current under dark conditions and higher photocurrents when compared with TiO2. Finally, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the flat band potential was determined to be equal in both TiO2 and TiO2-BCN samples, whereas the product of the dielectric constant and the density of donors was higher for TiO2-BCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.A.); (I.J.F.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo Flores
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CNyN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico;
| | - Alessio Giampietri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, I-00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (M.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Sbroscia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, I-00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (M.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia Betti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, I-00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (M.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, I-00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (M.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - José R. Ares
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.A.); (I.J.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Isabel J. Ferrer
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.A.); (I.J.F.); (F.L.)
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrice Leardini
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.A.); (I.J.F.); (F.L.)
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abdelnabi MMS, Blundo E, Betti MG, Cavoto G, Placidi E, Polimeni A, Ruocco A, Hu K, Ito Y, Mariani C. Towards free-standing graphane: atomic hydrogen and deuterium bonding to nano-porous graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:035707. [PMID: 33017812 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbe56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphane is formed by bonding hydrogen (and deuterium) atoms to carbon atoms in the graphene mesh, with modification from the pure planar sp2 bonding towards an sp3 configuration. Atomic hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) bonding with C atoms in fully free-standing nano porous graphene (NPG) is achieved, by exploiting low-energy proton (or deuteron) non-destructive irradiation, with unprecedented minimal introduction of defects, as determined by Raman spectroscopy and by the C 1s core level lineshape analysis. Evidence of the H- (or D-) NPG bond formation is obtained by bringing to light the emergence of a H- (or D-) related sp3-distorted component in the C 1s core level, clear fingerprint of H-C (or D-C) covalent bonding. The H (or D) bonding with the C atoms of free-standing graphene reaches more than 1/4 (or 1/3) at% coverage. This non-destructive H-NPG (or D-NPG) chemisorption is very stable at high temperatures up to about 800 K, as monitored by Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, with complete healing and restoring of clean graphene above 920 K. The excellent chemical and temperature stability of H- (and D-) NPG opens the way not only towards the formation of semiconducting graphane on large-scale samples, but also to stable graphene functionalisation enabling futuristic applications in advanced detectors for the β-spectrum analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Blundo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Betti
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavoto
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Placidi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze and INFN Sezione di Roma 3, Università di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Kailong Hu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Deuterium Adsorption on Free-Standing Graphene. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010130. [PMID: 33429994 PMCID: PMC7827750 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A suitable way to modify the electronic properties of graphene—while maintaining the exceptional properties associated with its two-dimensional (2D) nature—is its functionalisation. In particular, the incorporation of hydrogen isotopes in graphene is expected to modify its electronic properties leading to an energy gap opening, thereby rendering graphene promising for a widespread of applications. Hence, deuterium (D) adsorption on free-standing graphene was obtained by high-energy electron ionisation of D2 and ion irradiation of a nanoporous graphene (NPG) sample. This method allows one to reach nearly 50 at.% D upload in graphene, higher than that obtained by other deposition methods so far, towards low-defect and free-standing D-graphane. That evidence was deduced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the C 1s core level, showing clear evidence of the D-C sp3 bond, and Raman spectroscopy, pointing to remarkably clean and low-defect production of graphane. Moreover, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy showed the opening of an energy gap in the valence band. Therefore, high-energy electron ionisation and ion irradiation is an outstanding method for obtaining low defect D-NPG with a high D upload, which is very promising for the fabrication of semiconducting graphane on large scale.
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Iacobucci M, Bernardo ID, Christian M, Morandi V, Ripanti F, Postorino P, Mariani C, Betti MG. Three-dimensional microporous graphene decorated with lithium. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:405707. [PMID: 30015624 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad3f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based architectures can combine the two-dimensional properties of graphene with the high surface-to-volume ratio required for a large variety of technological applications. We present a spectro-microscopy study of stable microporous 3D few-layer graphene structures with a very low density of defects/edges and of unsaturated bonds, as deduced by Raman and core level photoemission spectroscopy. These qualities make these interconnected graphene networks ideal candidates to accommodate lithium adatoms, with a high density of Li per unit volume and a Li uptake per C atom higher than the value observed for graphite, as confirmed by core level photoemission spectroscopy.
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Leardini F, Flores E, Galvis E AR, Ferrer IJ, Ares JR, Sánchez C, Molina P, van der Meulen HP, Navarro CG, Polin GL, Urbanos FJ, Granados D, García-García FJ, Demirci UB, Yot PG, Mastrangelo F, Betti MG, Mariani C. Chemical vapor deposition growth of boron-carbon-nitrogen layers from methylamine borane thermolysis products. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:025603. [PMID: 29160237 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9c07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the growth of B-C-N layers by chemical vapor deposition using methylamine borane (MeAB) as the single-source precursor. MeAB has been synthesized and characterized, paying particular attention to the analysis of its thermolysis products, which are the gaseous precursors for B-C-N growth. Samples have been grown on Cu foils and transferred onto different substrates for their morphological, structural, chemical, electronic and optical characterizations. The results of these characterizations indicate a segregation of h-BN and graphene-like (Gr) domains. However, there is an important presence of B and N interactions with C at the Gr borders, and of C interacting at the h-BN-edges, respectively, in the obtained nano-layers. In particular, there is a significant presence of C-N bonds, at Gr/h-BN borders and in the form of N doping of Gr domains. The overall B:C:N contents in the layers is close to 1:3:1.5. A careful analysis of the optical bandgap determination of the obtained B-C-N layers is presented, discussed and compared with previous seminal works with samples of similar composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Leardini
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco E-28049, Madrid, Spain. Instituto Nicolas Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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