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Zadeh SM, MacDermid J, Johnson J, Birmingham TB, Shafiee E. Applications of wearable sensors in upper extremity MSK conditions: a scoping review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:158. [PMID: 37980497 PMCID: PMC10656914 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review uniquely aims to map the current state of the literature on the applications of wearable sensors in people with or at risk of developing upper extremity musculoskeletal (UE-MSK) conditions, considering that MSK conditions or disorders have the highest rate of prevalence among other types of conditions or disorders that contribute to the need for rehabilitation services. MATERIALS AND METHODS The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews guideline was followed in this scoping review. Two independent authors conducted a systematic search of four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and IEEEXplore. We included studies that have applied wearable sensors on people with or at risk of developing UE-MSK condition published after 2010. We extracted study designs, aims, number of participants, sensor placement locations, sensor types, and number, and outcome(s) of interest from the included studies. The overall findings of our scoping review are presented in tables and diagrams to map an overview of the existing applications. RESULTS The final review encompassed 80 studies categorized into clinical population (31 studies), workers' population (31 studies), and general wearable design/performance studies (18 studies). Most were observational, with 2 RCTs in workers' studies. Clinical studies focused on UE-MSK conditions like rotator cuff tear and arthritis. Workers' studies involved industrial workers, surgeons, farmers, and at-risk healthy individuals. Wearable sensors were utilized for objective motion assessment, home-based rehabilitation monitoring, daily activity recording, physical risk characterization, and ergonomic assessments. IMU sensors were prevalent in designs (84%), with a minority including sEMG sensors (16%). Assessment applications dominated (80%), while treatment-focused studies constituted 20%. Home-based applicability was noted in 21% of the studies. CONCLUSION Wearable sensor technologies have been increasingly applied to the health care field. These applications include clinical assessments, home-based treatments of MSK disorders, and monitoring of workers' population in non-standardized areas such as work environments. Assessment-focused studies predominate over treatment studies. Additionally, wearable sensor designs predominantly use IMU sensors, with a subset of studies incorporating sEMG and other sensor types in wearable platforms to capture muscle activity and inertial data for the assessment or rehabilitation of MSK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrob Milani Zadeh
- Biomedical Engineering, Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Joy MacDermid
- Physical Therapy and Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Clinical Research Lab, Hand and Upper Limb Center, St. Joseph's Health Center, London, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Science McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James Johnson
- Roth-McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor B Birmingham
- Biomedical Engineering, Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Erfan Shafiee
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Houry M, Bonnard M, Tourny C, Gilliaux M. Kinematic, electromyographic and isokinetic measurements for the management of shoulder subacromial pain syndrome: A systematic review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 107:106029. [PMID: 37348207 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacromial shoulder pain syndrome is a very common and challenging musculoskeletal disorder. Kinematics, electromyographic muscle activity and isokinetic dynamometry are promising non-invasive movement analysis tools to improve understanding of this condition. No review has combined their results to provide a better understanding of the effects of subacromial pain syndrome on shoulder movement. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the associations between exposure to shoulder pain due to subacromial pain syndromes or subacromial impingement and changes in shoulder movement measures. METHODS The databases were Scholar google, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. We included studies that observed the association of the presence of subacromial pain syndromes or subacromial impingement with changes in shoulder motion measures. FINDINGS Seventeen studies with 943 participants were included. The main kinematic change was a lower scapular posterior during abduction in the subacromial pain syndrome group with a "low" level of evidence (standardised mean difference = -0.61, 95% confidence interval [-0.80; -0.43]). The main electromyographic change was an earlier onset of activation of the upper trapezius in the subacromial pain syndrome group, with a "moderate" level of evidence (standardised mean difference = 1.01, 95% confidence interval: [-2.97; 0.96]). The main isokinetic change was a lower peak internal rotator torque in the subacromial pain syndrome group, with a 'low' level of evidence (standardised mean difference = -0.41, 95% confidence interval: [-0.53; -0.29]). INTERPRETATION The variables measured during movement are associated with subacromial pain syndrome or subacromial impingement syndrome. Consistency between the results supports the importance of scapula biomechanics measurements in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Houry
- CETAPS EA3832, Research Center for Sports and Athletic Activities Transformations, University of Rouen Normandy, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Clinical Research Departement, La Musse Hospital, La Renaissance Sanitaire Fundation, Saint Sébastien de Morsent, France.
| | | | - Claire Tourny
- CETAPS EA3832, Research Center for Sports and Athletic Activities Transformations, University of Rouen Normandy, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maxime Gilliaux
- CETAPS EA3832, Research Center for Sports and Athletic Activities Transformations, University of Rouen Normandy, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Clinical Research Departement, La Musse Hospital, La Renaissance Sanitaire Fundation, Saint Sébastien de Morsent, France
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El Khoury G, Penta M, Barbier O, Libouton X, Thonnard JL, Lefèvre P. Recognizing Manual Activities Using Wearable Inertial Measurement Units: Clinical Application for Outcome Measurement. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3245. [PMID: 34067190 PMCID: PMC8125825 DOI: 10.3390/s21093245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to monitor activities of daily living in the natural environments of patients could become a valuable tool for various clinical applications. In this paper, we show that a simple algorithm is capable of classifying manual activities of daily living (ADL) into categories using data from wrist- and finger-worn sensors. Six participants without pathology of the upper limb performed 14 ADL. Gyroscope signals were used to analyze the angular velocity pattern for each activity. The elaboration of the algorithm was based on the examination of the activity at the different levels (hand, fingers and wrist) and the relationship between them for the duration of the activity. A leave-one-out cross-validation was used to validate our algorithm. The algorithm allowed the classification of manual activities into five different categories through three consecutive steps, based on hands ratio (i.e., activity of one or both hands) and fingers-to-wrist ratio (i.e., finger movement independently of the wrist). On average, the algorithm made the correct classification in 87.4% of cases. The proposed algorithm has a high overall accuracy, yet its computational complexity is very low as it involves only averages and ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghady El Khoury
- Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (O.B.); (X.L.)
- Institue of Neurosciences (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.-L.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Massimo Penta
- Institue of Neurosciences (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.-L.T.); (P.L.)
- Arsalis SPRL, Chemin du Moulin Delay 6, B-1473 Glabais, Belgium
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (O.B.); (X.L.)
| | - Xavier Libouton
- Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (O.B.); (X.L.)
| | - Jean-Louis Thonnard
- Institue of Neurosciences (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.-L.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Institue of Neurosciences (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.-L.T.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Bavan L, Wood J, Surmacz K, Beard D, Rees J. Instrumented assessment of shoulder function: A study of inertial sensor based methods. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 72:164-171. [PMID: 31891822 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inertial sensors have the potential to provide objective and practical methods to assess joint and limb function in the clinical setting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of inertial sensor metrics in the assessment of patients with subacromial shoulder pain. METHODS 25 patients with unilateral subacromial shoulder pain and 50 control subjects were recruited. Assessments were carried out on both shoulders for all participants during a short movement procedure. Patients had assessments repeated after receiving three months of physiotherapy. Inertial metrics evaluated included a smoothness measure and speed and power scores derived from the range of angular velocity and acceleration profiles. Individual shoulder scores and asymmetry scores were both evaluated in terms of reliability, known-group validity, convergent validity and responsiveness. FINDINGS Regression analysis identified age to be a significant predictor for all scores, therefore an age matched sub-cohort of control subjects was used for comparative analyses. All scores demonstrated inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.48-0.82), were able to differentiate pathological from healthy shoulders (AUC = 0.62-0.91) and displayed significant changes following treatment. Scores derived from the range of acceleration and velocity profiles demonstrated the largest effect sizes (Cohens d = 0.8-1.35), and displayed the highest correlation with the Oxford Shoulder Score (r = -0.40 - -0.58). INTERPRETATION The scores investigated demonstrate good psychometric properties and have potential to complement existing methods of assessment in the clinical or research setting. Further work is required to fully understand their clinical relevance and optimise assessment methods and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luckshman Bavan
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl Surmacz
- McLaren Applied Technologies, McLaren Technology Centre, Chertsey Road, Woking GU21 4YH, United Kingdom.
| | - David Beard
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan Rees
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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Carnevale A, Longo UG, Schena E, Massaroni C, Lo Presti D, Berton A, Candela V, Denaro V. Wearable systems for shoulder kinematics assessment: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:546. [PMID: 31731893 PMCID: PMC6858749 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable sensors are acquiring more and more influence in diagnostic and rehabilitation field to assess motor abilities of people with neurological or musculoskeletal impairments. The aim of this systematic literature review is to analyze the wearable systems for monitoring shoulder kinematics and their applicability in clinical settings and rehabilitation. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore was performed and results were included up to July 2019. All studies concerning wearable sensors to assess shoulder kinematics were retrieved. RESULTS Seventy-three studies were included because they have fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that magneto and/or inertial sensors are the most used. Wearable sensors measuring upper limb and/or shoulder kinematics have been proposed to be applied in patients with different pathological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tear. Sensors placement and method of attachment were broadly heterogeneous among the examined studies. CONCLUSIONS Wearable systems are a promising solution to provide quantitative and meaningful clinical information about progress in a rehabilitation pathway and to extrapolate meaningful parameters in the diagnosis of shoulder pathologies. There is a strong need for development of this novel technologies which undeniably serves in shoulder evaluation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Carnevale
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Barramuño M, Valdés-Badilla P, Guevara E. Variations in glenohumeral movement control when implementing an auditory feedback system: A pilot study. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v67n4.69456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human motor control requires a learning process and it can be trained by means of various sensory feedback sources.Objective: To determine variations in glenohumeral movement control by learning in young adults exposed to an auditory feedback system while they perform object translation tasks classified by difficulty level.Materials and methods: The study involved 45 volunteers of both sexes (22 women), aged between 18 and 32 years. Glenohumeral movement control was measured by means of the root mean square (RMS) of the accelerometry signal, while task execution speed (TES) was measured using an accelerometer during the execution of the task according to its difficulty (easy, moderate and hard) in four stages of randomized intervention (control, pre-exposure, exposure-with auditory feedback, and post-exposure).Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the pre-exposure and exposure stages and between pre-exposure and post-exposure stages. A significant increase (p <0.001) in TES was identified between the pre-exposure and exposure stages for tasks classified as easy and hard, respectively.Conclusion: The use of an auditory feedback system in young adults without pathologies enhanced learning and glenohumeral movement control without reducing TES. This effect was maintained after the feedback, so the use of this type of feedback system in healthy individuals could result in a useful strategy for the training of motor control of the shoulder.
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Mendez-Rebolledo G, Gatica-Rojas V, Guzman-Muñoz E, Martinez-Valdes E, Guzman-Venegas R, Berral de la Rosa FJ. Influence of fatigue and velocity on the latency and recruitment order of scapular muscles. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 32:80-86. [PMID: 29775865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the influence of velocity and fatigue on scapular muscle activation latency and recruitment order during a voluntary arm raise task, in healthy individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty three male adults per group (high-velocity and low-velocity). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Onset latency of scapular muscles [Anterior deltoid (AD), lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT), upper trapezius (UT), and serratus anterior (SA)] was assessed by surface electromyography. The participants were assigned to one of two groups: low-velocity or high-velocity. Both groups performed a voluntary arm raise task in the scapular plane under two conditions: no-fatigue and fatigue. RESULTS The UT showed early activation (p < 0.01) in the fatigue condition when performing the arm raise task at a high velocity. At a low velocity and with no muscular fatigue, the recruitment order was MT, LT, SA, AD, and UT. However, the recruitment order changed in the high-velocity with muscular fatigue condition, since the recruitment order was UT, AD, SA, LT, and MT. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous presence of fatigue and high-velocity in an arm raise task is associated with a decrease in the UT activation latency and a modification of the recruitment order of scapular muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile; Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
| | - Valeska Gatica-Rojas
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
| | | | - Eduardo Martinez-Valdes
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centro de Investigacion en Fisiologia del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Guzman-Venegas
- Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del Esfuerzo (LIBFE), Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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De Baets L, van der Straaten R, Matheve T, Timmermans A. Shoulder assessment according to the international classification of functioning by means of inertial sensor technologies: A systematic review. Gait Posture 2017; 57:278-294. [PMID: 28683420 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates current protocols using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in shoulder research, and outlines future paths regarding IMU use for shoulder research. Different databases were searched for relevant articles. Criteria for study selection were (1) research in healthy persons or persons with shoulder problems, (2) IMUs applied as assessment tool for the shoulder (in healthy subjects and shoulder patients) or upper limb (in shoulder patients), (3) peer-reviewed, full-text papers in English or Dutch. Studies with less than five participants and without ethical approval were excluded. Data extraction included (1) study design, (2) participant characteristics, (3) type/brand of IMU, (4) tasks included in the assessment protocol, and (5) outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Scapulothoracic/glenohumeral and humerothoracic kinematics were reported in respectively 10 and 27 of the 37 included papers. Only one paper in healthy persons assessed, next to scapulothoracic/glenohumeral kinematics, other upper limb joints. IMUs' validity and reliability to capture shoulder function was limited. Considering applied protocols, 39% of the protocols was located on the International-Classification-of-Functioning (ICF) function level, while 38% and 23% were on the 'capacity' and 'actual performance'-sublevel, of the ICF-activity level. Most available IMU-research regarding the shoulder is clinically less relevant, given the widely reported humerothoracic kinematics which do not add to clinical-decision-making, and the absence of protocols assessing the complete upper limb chain. Apart from knowledge on methodological pitfalls and opportunities regarding the use of IMUs, this review provides future research paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet De Baets
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Rob van der Straaten
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Matheve
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Annick Timmermans
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Motor Control Training for the Shoulder with Smart Garments. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071687. [PMID: 28737670 PMCID: PMC5539564 DOI: 10.3390/s17071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technologies for posture monitoring and posture correction are emerging as a way to support and enhance physical therapy treatment, e.g., for motor control training in neurological disorders or for treating musculoskeletal disorders, such as shoulder, neck, or lower back pain. Among the various technological options for posture monitoring, wearable systems offer potential advantages regarding mobility, use in different contexts and sustained tracking in daily life. We describe the design of a smart garment named Zishi to monitor compensatory movements and evaluate its applicability for shoulder motor control training in a clinical setting. Five physiotherapists and eight patients with musculoskeletal shoulder pain participated in the study. The attitudes of patients and therapists towards the system were measured using standardized survey instruments. The results indicate that patients and their therapists consider Zishi a credible aid for rehabilitation and patients expect it will help towards their recovery. The system was perceived as highly usable and patients were motivated to train with the system. Future research efforts on the improvement of the customization of feedback location and modality, and on the evaluation of Zishi as support for motor learning in shoulder patients, should be made.
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Pichonnaz C, Aminian K, Ancey C, Jaccard H, Lécureux E, Duc C, Farron A, Jolles BM, Gleeson N. Heightened clinical utility of smartphone versus body-worn inertial system for shoulder function B-B score. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174365. [PMID: 28319141 PMCID: PMC5358877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The B-B Score is a straightforward kinematic shoulder function score including only two movements (hand to the Back + lift hand as to change a Bulb) that demonstrated sound measurement properties for patients for various shoulder pathologies. However, the B-B Score results using a smartphone or a reference system have not yet been compared. Provided that the measurement properties are comparable, the use of a smartphone would offer substantial practical advantages. This study investigated the concurrent validity of a smartphone and a reference inertial system for the measurement of the kinematic shoulder function B-B Score. Methods Sixty-five patients with shoulder conditions (with rotator cuff conditions, adhesive capsulitis and proximal humerus fracture) and 20 healthy participants were evaluated using a smartphone and a reference inertial system. Measurements were performed twice, alternating between two evaluators. The B-B Score differences between groups, differences between devices, relationship between devices, intra- and inter-evaluator reproducibility were analysed. Results The smartphone mean scores (SD) were 94.1 (11.1) for controls and 54.1 (18.3) for patients (P < 0.01). The difference between devices was non-significant for the control (P = 0.16) and the patient group (P = 0.81). The analysis of the relationship between devices showed 0.97 ICC, −0.6 bias and −13.2 to 12.0 limits of agreement (LOA). The smartphone intra-evaluator ICC was 0.92, the bias 1.5 and the LOA −17.4 to 20.3. The smartphone inter-evaluator ICC was 0.92, the bias 1.5 and the LOA −16.9 to 20.0. Conclusions The B-B Score results measured with a smartphone were comparable to those of an inertial system. While single measurements diverged in some cases, the intra- and inter-evaluator reproducibility was excellent and was equivalent between devices. The B-B score measured with a smartphone is straightforward and as efficient as a reference inertial system measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Pichonnaz
- Physiotherapy Department, Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud (HESAV)//HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland., CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Ancey
- Physiotherapy Department, Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud (HESAV)//HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Jaccard
- Physiotherapy Department, Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud (HESAV)//HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland., CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Cyntia Duc
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Farron
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland., CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte M. Jolles
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland., CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Gleeson
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Abstract
Wearable sensors, in particular inertial measurement units (IMUs) allow the objective, valid, discriminative and responsive assessment of physical function during functional tests such as gait, stair climbing or sit-to-stand. Applied to various body segments, precise capture of time-to-task achievement, spatiotemporal gait and kinematic parameters of demanding tests or specific to an affected limb are the most used measures. In activity monitoring (AM), accelerometry has mainly been used to derive energy expenditure or general health related parameters such as total step counts. In orthopaedics and the elderly, counting specific events such as stairs or high intensity activities were clinimetrically most powerful; as were qualitative parameters at the ‘micro-level’ of activity such as step frequency or sit-stand duration. Low cost and ease of use allow routine clinical application but with many options for sensors, algorithms, test and parameter definitions, choice and comparability remain difficult, calling for consensus or standardisation.
Cite this article: Grimm B, Bolink S. Evaluating physical function and activity in the elderly patient using wearable motion sensors. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:112–120. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.160022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Grimm
- AHORSE Research Foundation, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Bolink
- AHORSE Research Foundation, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Pichonnaz C, Lécureux E, Bassin JP, Duc C, Farron A, Aminian K, Jolles BM, Gleeson N. Enhancing clinically-relevant shoulder function assessment using only essential movements. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:547-60. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/3/547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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