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Vermeulen BB, Sorée B, Couet S, Temst K, Nguyen VD. Progress in Spin Logic Devices Based on Domain-Wall Motion. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:696. [PMID: 38930666 PMCID: PMC11205657 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Spintronics, utilizing both the charge and spin of electrons, benefits from the nonvolatility, low switching energy, and collective behavior of magnetization. These properties allow the development of magnetoresistive random access memories, with magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) playing a central role. Various spin logic concepts are also extensively explored. Among these, spin logic devices based on the motion of magnetic domain walls (DWs) enable the implementation of compact and energy-efficient logic circuits. In these devices, DW motion within a magnetic track enables spin information processing, while MTJs at the input and output serve as electrical writing and reading elements. DW logic holds promise for simplifying logic circuit complexity by performing multiple functions within a single device. Nevertheless, the demonstration of DW logic circuits with electrical writing and reading at the nanoscale is still needed to unveil their practical application potential. In this review, we discuss material advancements for high-speed DW motion, progress in DW logic devices, groundbreaking demonstrations of current-driven DW logic, and its potential for practical applications. Additionally, we discuss alternative approaches for current-free information propagation, along with challenges and prospects for the development of DW logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Bert Vermeulen
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Solid-State Physics (QSP) Division, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2414, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Sorée
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT-INSYS Division, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Couet
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Kristiaan Temst
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Solid-State Physics (QSP) Division, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D Box 2414, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Van Dai Nguyen
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (B.S.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
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Li L, Li H, Zhou K, Xiao X, Chen L, Ma F, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhang L, Liu R. Observation and Characterization of Multiple Resonance Modes in a Chiral Helimagnet CrNb 3S 6. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9243-9249. [PMID: 37792552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The chiral helimagnet CrNb3S6 hosts various temperature- and magnetic-field-stabilized chiral soliton lattices (CSLs) and corresponding exotic collective spin resonance modes, which make it an ideal candidate for future magnetic storage/memory and magnon-based information processing. While most studies have focused on characterizing various static spin textures in this chiral helimagnet, its corresponding collective dynamics have rarely been explored. This study systematically investigates the temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent magnetic dynamics of a single crystal of CrNb3S6 using broadband microwave spectroscopy. We observe an optical mode with a temperature-independent mode number in addition to Kittel-like ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) modes in the CSL phase, consistent with the temperature-independent normalized CSL period L(H)/L(0) based on the 1D chiral sine-Gordon model. Furthermore, combining theoretical model fitting and micromagnetic simulation, we provide a detailed phase diagram and temporal-spatial resolution of dynamic modes, which may help to develop high-frequency exchange-coupling-based spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haotian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lina Chen
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fusheng Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Junran Zhang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Vojkovic S, Cacilhas R, Pereira AR, Altbir D, Núñez ÁS, Carvalho-Santos VL. Scattering modes of skyrmions in a bilayer system with ferromagnetic coupling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:175702. [PMID: 33370722 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are quasiparticle-like textures that are topologically different from a single domain magnetization state. Their topological protection, combined with the low current density needed to move them, make these objects relevant to be used as information storage structures. In such a context, the analysis of the interactions between skyrmions is interesting and relevant for future applications. In this work, through micromagnetic simulations and numerical calculations, we studied the interaction between two skyrmions living on different parallel ferromagnetic racetracks connected by an exchange-like interaction. The upper and lower racetracks are separated by a height offset and the interaction between the upper and the lower skyrmion is analyzed in terms of the magnetic and geometrical parameters. Three states are predicted, as a function of these parameters: scattered or free skyrmions, bound skymions, and annihilated skyrmions. Our results, presented in a phase diagram, demonstrate that even in the case here called free skyrmions, there is a small and brief interaction when both are close enough, but the skyrmion in the top layer does not drag the skyrmion in the bottom layer. For bound skyrmions, both keep linked during larger times. In the latter case, there are strong changes in the velocity of the skyrmions induced by the effect of a higher effective mass when both are coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vojkovic
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Campus San Joaquín Av. Vicuña Mackena, 4860 Santiago, Chile
| | - R Cacilhas
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Física, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - A R Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Física, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - D Altbir
- Departamento de Física, CEDENNA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile
| | - Á S Núñez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile
| | - V L Carvalho-Santos
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Física, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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First-principles Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a non-collinear framework. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20339. [PMID: 33230155 PMCID: PMC7684320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have derived an expression of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), where all the three components of the DMI vector can be calculated independently, for a general, non-collinear magnetic configuration. The formalism is implemented in a real space—linear muffin-tin orbital—atomic sphere approximation (RS-LMTO-ASA) method. We have chosen the Cr triangular trimer on Au(111) and Mn triangular trimers on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces as numerical examples. The results show that the DMI (module and direction) is drastically different between collinear and non-collinear states. Based on the relation between the spin and charge currents flowing in the system and their coupling to the non-collinear magnetic configuration of the triangular trimer, we demonstrate that the DMI interaction can be significant, even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. This is shown to emanate from the non-collinear magnetic structure, that can induce significant spin and charge currents even with spin-orbit coupling is ignored.
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