Conduction mechanism and switchable photovoltaic effect in (1 1 1) oriented BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 thin film

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Low-Dimensional BiFeO3 System for Photocatalytic Applications

We report on the fabrication of sub-20 nm BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles using a solid-state approach and preferential leching process. The nanoparticles were subsequently used to deposit, through spray pyrolysis, BFO thin films in a rhombohedral (R3c) crystallographic structure. Then, systematic investigations of the optical and the photocatalytic properties were conducted to determine the effects of the particles size, the microstructure and the increased surface area on their catalytic performances. Especially, improved optical properties were observed, with an optical bandgap energy of 2.20 eV compared to reported 2.7 eV for the bulk system. In addition, high optical absorption was obtained in the UV–visible light region reaching up to 90% at 400 nm. The photoelectrochemical measurements revealed a high photocurrent density under visible light irradiation. Besides, density functional theory calculations were performed on both bulk and thin film BFO structures, revealing an interesting comparison of the electronic, magnetic, ferroelectric and optical properties for bulk and thin film BFO systems. Both theoretical and experimental findings show that the alignment of the band edges of BFO thin film is coherent with good photocatalytic water splitting potential, making them desirable photoanode materials.

Tailoring the photovoltaic effect in (1 1 1) oriented BiFeO3/LaFeO3 superlattices

Ferroelectric and photovoltaic properties of (BiFeO₃)_(1-x)Λ/(LaFeO₃) _xΛ superlattices grown by pulsed laser deposition have been investigated (Λ being the bilayer thickness). For a high concentration of BiFeO₃ a ferroelectric state is observed simultaneously with a switchable photovoltaic response. In contrast for certain concentration of LaFeO₃ a non-switchable photovoltaic effect is evidenced. Such modulation of the PV response in the superlattices is attributed to the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition which is controlled with the increase of x. Remarkably, concomitant to this change of PV mechanism, a change of the conduction mechanism also seems to take place from a bulk-limited to an interface-limited transport as x increases.