1
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Karpov D, Djeghdi K, Holler M, Abdollahi SN, Godlewska K, Donnelly C, Yuasa T, Sai H, Wiesner UB, Wilts BD, Steiner U, Musya M, Fukami S, Ohno H, Gunkel I, Diaz A, Llandro J. High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of topological textures in nanoscale single-diamond networks. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01735-w. [PMID: 39043824 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Topological defects-extended lattice deformations that are robust against local defects and annealing-have been exploited to engineer novel properties in both hard and soft materials. Yet, their formation kinetics and nanoscale three-dimensional structure are poorly understood, impeding their benefits for nanofabrication. We describe the fabrication of a pair of topological defects in the volume of a single-diamond network (space group Fd3 ¯ m) templated into gold from a triblock terpolymer crystal. Using X-ray nanotomography, we resolve the three-dimensional structure of nearly 70,000 individual single-diamond unit cells with a spatial resolution of 11.2 nm, allowing analysis of the long-range order of the network. The defects observed morphologically resemble the comet and trefoil patterns of equal and opposite half-integer topological charges observed in liquid crystals. Yet our analysis of strain in the network suggests typical hard matter behaviour. Our analysis approach does not require a priori knowledge of the expected positions of the nodes in three-dimensional nanostructured systems, allowing the identification of distorted morphologies and defects in large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karpov
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - K Djeghdi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Narjes Abdollahi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Godlewska
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - C Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Yuasa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Yokkaichi Research Center, JSR Corporation, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - H Sai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - U B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - U Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Musya
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Fukami
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Inamori Research Institute for Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Ohno
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - I Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J Llandro
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Ohno M, Fujita TC, Kawasaki M. Proximity effect of emergent field from spin ice in an oxide heterostructure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6308. [PMID: 38478617 PMCID: PMC10936949 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Geometrical frustration endows magnets with degenerate ground states, resulting in exotic spin structures and quantum phenomena. Such magnets, called quantum magnets, can display non-coplanar spin textures and be a viable platform for the topological Hall effect driven by "emergent field." However, most quantum magnets are insulators, making it challenging to electrically detect associated fluctuations and excitations. Here, we probe magnetic transitions in the spin ice insulator Dy2Ti2O7, a prototypical quantum magnet, as emergent magnetotransport phenomena at the heterointerface with the nonmagnetic metal Bi2Rh2O7. Angle-dependent longitudinal resistivity exhibits peaks at the magnetic phase boundaries of spin ice due to domain boundary scattering. In addition, the anomalous Hall resistivity undergoes a sign change with the magnetic transition in Dy2Ti2O7, reflecting the inversion of the emergent field. These findings, on the basis of epitaxial techniques, connect the fundamental research on insulating quantum magnets to their potential electronic applications, possibly leading to transformative innovations in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ohno
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takahiro C. Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
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3
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Yang C, Jin L, Xie W, Cava RJ. Stuffed Rare-Earth Garnets. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21364-21370. [PMID: 38052094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and magnetic characterization of stuffed rare-earth gallium garnets, RE3+xGa5-xO12 (RE = Lu, Yb, Er, Dy, Gd), for x up to 0.5. The excess rare-earth ions partly fill the octahedral sites normally fully occupied by Ga3+, forming disordered pairs of corner-shared face-sharing magnetic tetrahedra. The Curie-Weiss constants and observed effective moments per rare-earth are smaller than are seen for the unstuffed gallium garnets. No significant change in the field-dependent magnetization is observed but missing entropy is seen when integrating the heat capacity down to 0.5 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lun Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Goryca M, Zhang X, Ramberger J, Watts JD, Nisoli C, Leighton C, Schiffer P, Crooker SA. Deconstructing magnetization noise: Degeneracies, phases, and mobile fractionalized excitations in tetris artificial spin ice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310777120. [PMID: 37851675 PMCID: PMC10614600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310777120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct detection of spontaneous spin fluctuations, or "magnetization noise," is emerging as a powerful means of revealing and studying magnetic excitations in both natural and artificial frustrated magnets. Depending on the lattice and nature of the frustration, these excitations can often be described as fractionalized quasiparticles possessing an effective magnetic charge. Here, by combining ultrasensitive optical detection of thermodynamic magnetization noise with Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal emergent regimes of magnetic excitations in artificial "tetris ice." A marked increase of the intrinsic noise at certain applied magnetic fields heralds the spontaneous proliferation of fractionalized excitations, which can diffuse independently, without cost in energy, along specific quasi-1D spin chains in the tetris ice lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Goryca
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Justin Ramberger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Justin D. Watts
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Cristiano Nisoli
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545
| | - Chris Leighton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Peter Schiffer
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Scott A. Crooker
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545
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5
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King AD, Coraux J, Canals B, Rougemaille N. Magnetic Arctic Circle in a Square Ice Qubit Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:166701. [PMID: 37925737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.166701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Under certain boundary conditions, the square ice model exhibits a phase separation in which the core of the system is disordered while its outer region remains ordered. This phenomenon, known as the "arctic circle," has been studied theoretically in combinatorial mathematics and statistical mechanics. Here, we realize the physics of the arctic circle experimentally for the first time, using a programmable lattice of superconducting qubits, and investigate its properties under the prism of a highly frustrated magnet. Our work reveals two unexpected properties. First, the disordered spin manifold confined within the arctic curve is a spin liquid whose average spin texture resembles that of an antivortex, i.e., it is a topologically charged Coulomb phase. Second, monopole quasiparticle excitations, which are totally absent in theoretical works, can be isolated in a phase-separated system. Remarkably, a monopole segregation mechanism is observed, in which the monopoles are sorted according to the magnetic charge and magnetic moment they carry, without the application of an external driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D King
- D-Wave Systems, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - J Coraux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - B Canals
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - N Rougemaille
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
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6
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Yang C, Wang H, Jin L, Xu X, Ni D, Thompson JD, Xie W, Cava RJ. Erbium-Excess Gallium Garnets. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13731-13737. [PMID: 37584419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of garnets of formula Er3+xGa5-xO12 are described, for which we report the crystal structures for both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples. The x limit in the garnet phase is between 0.5 and 0.6 under our conditions, with the Er fully occupying the dodecahedral (24c) garnet site plus some of the octahedral site (16a) in place of the Ga normally present. Long-range antiferromagnetic order with spin-ice-like frustration is suggested by the transition temperature (TN ≈ 0.8 K) being lower than the Curie-Weiss theta. The magnetic ordering temperature does not depend on the Er excess, but there is increasing residual entropy as the Er excess is increased, highlighting the potential for unusual magnetic behavior in this system. The field-dependent magnetic entropy trend is consistent with the reported behavior for frustrated triangular magnetic systems: an increasing transition temperature with a broader hump as the applied field increases [Xing, J.; Phys. Rev. Mater. 2019, 3(11), 114413;Filippi, J.; Solid State Commun. 1977, 23(9), 613-616; Bloxsom, J. A. Thermal and Magnetic Studies of Spin Ice Compounds. University College London, 2016].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lun Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xianghan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Danrui Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jeff D Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Lopez-Bezanilla A, Raymond J, Boothby K, Carrasquilla J, Nisoli C, King AD. Kagome qubit ice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1105. [PMID: 36849545 PMCID: PMC9970994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological phases of spin liquids with constrained disorder can host a kinetics of fractionalized excitations. However, spin-liquid phases with distinct kinetic regimes have proven difficult to observe experimentally. Here we present a realization of kagome spin ice in the superconducting qubits of a quantum annealer, and use it to demonstrate a field-induced kinetic crossover between spin-liquid phases. Employing fine control over local magnetic fields, we show evidence of both the Ice-I phase and an unconventional field-induced Ice-II phase. In the latter, a charge-ordered yet spin-disordered topological phase, the kinetics proceeds via pair creation and annihilation of strongly correlated, charge conserving, fractionalized excitations. As these kinetic regimes have resisted characterization in other artificial spin ice realizations, our results demonstrate the utility of quantum-driven kinetics in advancing the study of topological phases of spin liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | | | - Juan Carrasquilla
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Vector Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1 Canada ,grid.46078.3d0000 0000 8644 1405Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Cristiano Nisoli
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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8
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Sharma S, Thompson M, Laefer D, Lawler M, McIlhany K, Pauluis O, Trinkle DR, Chatterjee S. Machine Learning Methods for Multiscale Physics and Urban Engineering Problems. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1134. [PMID: 36010800 PMCID: PMC9407195 DOI: 10.3390/e24081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of four challenging research areas in multiscale physics and engineering as well as four data science topics that may be developed for addressing these challenges. We focus on multiscale spatiotemporal problems in light of the importance of understanding the accompanying scientific processes and engineering ideas, where "multiscale" refers to concurrent, non-trivial and coupled models over scales separated by orders of magnitude in either space, time, energy, momenta, or any other relevant parameter. Specifically, we consider problems where the data may be obtained at various resolutions; analyzing such data and constructing coupled models led to open research questions in various applications of data science. Numeric studies are reported for one of the data science techniques discussed here for illustration, namely, on approximate Bayesian computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Sharma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marten Thompson
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 313 Ford Hall, 224 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debra Laefer
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University, Rogers Hall RH 411, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Michael Lawler
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Kevin McIlhany
- Physics Department, United States Naval Academy, 572 Holloway Rd. m/s 9c, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Olivier Pauluis
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Dallas R. Trinkle
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois, 201 Materials Science and Engineering Building, 1304 W. Green St. MC 246, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Snigdhansu Chatterjee
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 313 Ford Hall, 224 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Puttock R, Andersen IM, Gatel C, Park B, Rosamond MC, Snoeck E, Kazakova O. Defect-induced monopole injection and manipulation in artificial spin ice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3641. [PMID: 35752624 PMCID: PMC9233697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithographically defined arrays of nanomagnets are well placed for application in areas such as probabilistic computing or reconfigurable magnonics due to their emergent collective dynamics and writable magnetic order. Among them are artificial spin ice (ASI), which are arrays of binary in-plane macrospins exhibiting geometric frustration at the vertex interfaces. Macrospin flips in the arrays create topologically protected magnetic charges, or emergent monopoles, which are bound to an antimonopole to conserve charge. In the absence of controllable pinning, it is difficult to manipulate individual monopoles in the array without also influencing other monopole excitations or the counter-monopole charge. Here, we tailor the local magnetic order of a classic ASI lattice by introducing a ferromagnetic defect with shape anisotropy into the array. This creates monopole injection sites at nucleation fields below the critical lattice switching field. Once formed, the high energy monopoles are fixed to the defect site and may controllably propagate through the lattice under stimulation. Defect programing of bound monopoles within the array allows fine control of the pathways of inverted macrospins. Such control is a necessary prerequisite for the realization of functional devices, e. g. reconfigurable waveguide in nanomagnonic applications. Artificial spin ice systems offer a promising platform to study the motion of emergent magnetic monopoles, but controlled nucleation of monopoles is challenging. Here the authors demonstrate controlled injection and propagation of emergent monopoles in an artificial spin ice utilizing ferromagnetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Puttock
- Quantum Materials and Sensors, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.
| | - Ingrid M Andersen
- Centre d'Elaboration de Materiaux et d'Etudes Structurales, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Gatel
- Centre d'Elaboration de Materiaux et d'Etudes Structurales, Toulouse, France
| | - Bumsu Park
- Centre d'Elaboration de Materiaux et d'Etudes Structurales, Toulouse, France
| | - Mark C Rosamond
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Etienne Snoeck
- Centre d'Elaboration de Materiaux et d'Etudes Structurales, Toulouse, France
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Quantum Materials and Sensors, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
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Ashtar M, Bai Y, Xu L, Wan Z, Wei Z, Liu Y, Marwat MA, Tian Z. Structure and Magnetic Properties of Melilite-Type Compounds RE 2Be 2GeO 7 (RE = Pr, Nd, Gd-Yb) with Rare-Earth Ions on Shastry-Sutherland Lattice. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3626-3634. [PMID: 33635649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth (RE)-based frustrated magnets, such as typical systems of combining strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), geometric frustration, and anisotropic exchange interaction, can give rise to diverse exotic magnetic ground states such as quantum spin liquid. The discovery of new RE-based frustrated materials is crucial for exploring the exotic magnetic phases. Herein, we report the synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a family of melilite-type RE2Be2GeO7 (RE = Pr, Nd, and Gd-Yb) compounds crystallized in a tetragonal P4̅21m structure, where magnetic RE3+ ions lay out on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice (SSL) within the ab plane and are well separated by nonmagnetic [GeBe2O7]6- polyhedrons along the c-axis. Temperature (T)-dependent susceptibilities χ(T) and isothermal magnetization M(H) measurements reveal that most RE2Be2GeO7 compounds except RE = Tb show no magnetic ordering down to 2 K despite the dominant antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions, where Tb2Be2GeO7 undergoes AFM transition with Néel temperature TN ∼ 2.5 K and field-induced spin flop behaviors (T < TN). In addition, the calculated magnetic entropy change ΔSm from the isothermal M(H) curves reveals viable magnetocaloric effect for RE2Be2GeO7 (RE = Gd and Dy) in liquid helium temperature regimes; Gd2Be2GeO7 shows the maximum ΔSm up to 54.8 J K-1 kg-1 at ΔH = 7 T and Dy2Be2GeO7 has the largest value ΔSm = 16.1 J K-1 kg-1 at ΔH = 2 T in this family. More excitingly, the rich diversity of RE ions in this family enables an archetype for exploring exotic quantum magnetic phenomena with large variability of spin located on the SSL lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Ashtar
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yuming Bai
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Longmeng Xu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zongtang Wan
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zijun Wei
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Mohsin Ali Marwat
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhaoming Tian
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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11
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Shukla M, Upadhyay R, Tolkiehn M, Upadhyay C. Robust spin-ice freezing in magnetically frustrated Ho 2Ge xTi 2-xO 7pyrochlore. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:465804. [PMID: 32759482 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abace1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis of spin frustrated Ho2GexTi2-xO7(x= 0, 0.1, 0.15 & 0.25) pyrochlore oxides has been performed using high resolution x-ray diffraction pattern and low temperature synchrotron x-ray diffraction pattern. The effect of positive chemical pressure on the spin dynamics of Ho2GexTi2-xO7has been analysed through the study of static (M-TandM-H; magnetisation against temperature & magnetisation against magnetic field) and dynamical (ac susceptibility) magnetic measurements. In lower temperature regime (∼2 K), such systems are predominantly governed by competing exchange (Jnn) and dipolar (Dnn) magnetic interactions. Magnetic measurements indicate that the application of increased chemical pressure in Ho2Ti2O7matrix propels the system towards diminished ferromagnetic interaction. Dipolar coupling constant remains almost unchanged but Curie-Weiss temperature (θcw) reduces to -0.04 K from 0.33 K (for an applied magnetic field;H= 100 Oe) with increasingxin Ho2GexTi2-xO7. Positive chemical pressure establishes the dominance of Ho-Ho antiferromagnetic interactionJnnover dipolar interactionDnn. Spin relaxation feature corresponding to thermally activated single ion freezing (Ts∼15 K) is shifted towards lower temperature. This chemical pressure-drivenTsshift is ascribed to the alteration in crystal field effect, which reduces the activation energy for singe ion spin freezing. The reduction in the activation energy indicates crystal field-phonon coupling in Ho2GexTi2-xO7system. The robustness in spin ice freezing (second spin relaxation feature in ac susceptibility curve) remains unaffected with increasingly chemical pressure. This spin freezing ('2 in-2 out' spin arrangement in tetrahedra) is related to quantum tunnelling phenomenon, atTice∼ 2 K. It indicates that majority of spins still follows the 'ice rule' in Ho2GexTi2-xO7even after the application of chemical pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Shukla
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi -221005, India
| | - Rajnikant Upadhyay
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi -221005, India
| | - Martin Tolkiehn
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chandan Upadhyay
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi -221005, India
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