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Su É, Villard C, Manneville JB. Mitochondria: At the crossroads between mechanobiology and cell metabolism. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e2300010. [PMID: 37326132 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism and mechanics are two key facets of structural and functional processes in cells, such as growth, proliferation, homeostasis and regeneration. Their reciprocal regulation has been increasingly acknowledged in recent years: external physical and mechanical cues entail metabolic changes, which in return regulate cell mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Since mitochondria are pivotal regulators of metabolism, we review here the reciprocal links between mitochondrial morphodynamics, mechanics and metabolism. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which sense and integrate mechanical, physical and metabolic cues to adapt their morphology, the organization of their network and their metabolic functions. While some of the links between mitochondrial morphodynamics, mechanics and metabolism are already well established, others are still poorly documented and open new fields of research. First, cell metabolism is known to correlate with mitochondrial morphodynamics. For instance, mitochondrial fission, fusion and cristae remodeling allow the cell to fine-tune its energy production through the contribution of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic glycolysis. Second, mechanical cues and alterations in mitochondrial mechanical properties reshape and reorganize the mitochondrial network. Mitochondrial membrane tension emerges as a decisive physical property which regulates mitochondrial morphodynamics. However, the converse link hypothesizing a contribution of morphodynamics to mitochondria mechanics and/or mechanosensitivity has not yet been demonstrated. Third, we highlight that mitochondrial mechanics and metabolism are reciprocally regulated, although little is known about the mechanical adaptation of mitochondria in response to metabolic cues. Deciphering the links between mitochondrial morphodynamics, mechanics and metabolism still presents significant technical and conceptual challenges but is crucial both for a better understanding of mechanobiology and for potential novel therapeutic approaches in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Su
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité - CNRS, UMR 7057, Paris, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Université Paris Cité - CNRS, UMR 8236, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Villard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Université Paris Cité - CNRS, UMR 8236, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Manneville
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité - CNRS, UMR 7057, Paris, France
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Fernández Casafuz AB, De Rossi MC, Bruno L. Mitochondrial cellular organization and shape fluctuations are differentially modulated by cytoskeletal networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4065. [PMID: 36906690 PMCID: PMC10008531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton have been found to alter mitochondrial function; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here, we explored how the integrity of the cytoskeleton affects the cellular organization, morphology and mobility of mitochondria in Xenopus laevis melanocytes. Cells were imaged in control condition and after different treatments that selectively affect specific cytoskeletal networks (microtubules, F-actin and vimentin filaments). We observed that mitochondria cellular distribution and local orientation rely mostly on microtubules, positioning these filaments as the main scaffolding of mitochondrial organization. We also found that cytoskeletal networks mold mitochondria shapes in distinct ways: while microtubules favor more elongated organelles, vimentin and actin filaments increase mitochondrial bending, suggesting the presence of mechanical interactions between these filaments and mitochondria. Finally, we identified that microtubule and F-actin networks play opposite roles in mitochondria shape fluctuations and mobility, with microtubules transmitting their jittering to the organelles and F-actin restricting the organelles motion. All our results support that cytoskeleton filaments interact mechanically with mitochondria and transmit forces to these organelles molding their movements and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Belén Fernández Casafuz
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo (IC), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia De Rossi
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Bruno
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo (IC), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Liu IF, Lin TC, Wang SC, Yen CH, Li CY, Kuo HF, Hsieh CC, Chang CY, Chang CR, Chen YH, Liu YR, Lee TY, Huang CY, Hsu CH, Lin SJ, Liu PL. Long-term administration of Western diet induced metabolic syndrome in mice and causes cardiac microvascular dysfunction, cardiomyocyte mitochondrial damage, and cardiac remodeling involving caveolae and caveolin-1 expression. Biol Direct 2023; 18:9. [PMID: 36879344 PMCID: PMC9987103 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term consumption of an excessive fat and sucrose diet (Western diet, WD) has been considered a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease. Caveolae and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) proteins are involved in lipid transport and metabolism. However, studies investigating CAV-1 expression, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction caused by MS, are limited. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of CAV-1 and abnormal lipid accumulation in the endothelium and myocardium in WD-induced MS, and the occurrence of myocardial microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction, myocardial mitochondrial remodeling, and damage effects on cardiac remodeling and cardiac function. METHODS We employed a long-term (7 months) WD feeding mouse model to measure the effect of MS on caveolae/vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO) formation, lipid deposition, and endothelial cell dysfunction in cardiac microvascular using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay. CAV-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and interaction were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunostaining. Cardiac mitochondrial shape transition and damage, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) disruption, cardiac function change, caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway activation, and cardiac remodeling were examined using TEM, echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assay. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that long-term WD feeding caused obesity and MS in mice. In mice, MS increased caveolae and VVO formation in the microvascular system and enhanced CAV-1 and lipid droplet binding affinity. In addition, MS caused a significant decrease in eNOS expression, vascular endothelial cadherin, and β-catenin interactions in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, accompanied by impaired vascular integrity. MS-induced endothelial dysfunction caused massive lipid accumulation in the cardiomyocytes, leading to MAM disruption, mitochondrial shape transition, and damage. MS promoted brain natriuretic peptide expression and activated the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway, leading to cardiac dysfunction in mice. CONCLUSION MS resulted in cardiac dysfunction, remodeling by regulating caveolae and CAV-1 expression, and endothelial dysfunction. Lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity caused MAM disruption and mitochondrial remodeling in cardiomyocytes, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.,Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112401, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Lee
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan. .,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan. .,Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112401, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan. .,Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.
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