1
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Sushma, Sharma S, Ghosh KS. Applications of Functionalized Carbon-Based Quantum Dots in Fluorescence Sensing of Iron(III). J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03611-1. [PMID: 38411860 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Iron, an essential trace element exhibits detrimental effects on human health when present at higher or lower concentration than the required. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ in water, food etc. Unfortunately, in several instances, the traditional approaches suffer from a number of shortcomings like complicated procedures, limited sensitivity, poor selectivity and more expensive and time consuming. The scope of optical tuning and excellent photophysical properties of carbon- based nanomaterials like carbon dots (C-dots) and graphene dots (g-dots) have made them promising optical sensors of metal ions. Moreover, high surface area, superior stability of such materials contributes towards the fruitful development of sensors. The present review offered critical information on the fabrication and fluorimetric applications of these functional nanomaterials for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+. An in-depth discussion on fluorescent C-dots made from naturally occurring materials and chemical techniques were presented. Effect of doping in C-dots was also highlighted in terms of improved fluorescence response and selectivity. In a similar approach g-dots were also discussed. Many of these sensors exhibited great selectivity, superior sensitivity, high quantum yield, robust chemical and photochemical stability and real-time applicability. Further improvement in these factors can be targeted to develop new sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India
| | - Kalyan Sundar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India.
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2
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Kayani KF, Shatery OBA, Mustafa MS, Alshatteri AH, Mohammed SJ, Aziz SB. Environmentally sustainable synthesis of whey-based carbon dots for ferric ion detection in human serum and water samples: evaluating the greenness of the method. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5012-5021. [PMID: 38332781 PMCID: PMC10851185 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are valued for their biocompatibility, easy fabrication, and distinct optical characteristics. The current study examines using whey to fabricate CDs using the hydrothermal method. When stimulated at 350 nm, the synthetic CDs emitted blue light at 423 nm and revealed a selective response to ferric ion (Fe3+) in actual samples with great sensitivity, making them a suitable probe for assessing Fe3+ ions. The produced carbon dots demonstrated great photostability, high sensitivity, and outstanding biocompatibility. The findings showed that Fe3+ ions could be quickly, sensitively, and extremely selectively detected in an aqueous solution of carbon dots, with a revealing limit of 0.409 μM in the linear range of 0-180 μM. Interestingly, this recognition boundary is far inferior to the WHO-recommended threshold of 0.77 μM. Two metric tools which were AGREE and the ComplexGAPI were also used to evaluate the method's greenness. The evaluation confirmed its superior environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawan F Kayani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St 46002 Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University Peshawa Street, Chamchamal Sulaimani City 46023 Iraq
| | - Omer B A Shatery
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St 46002 Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Muhammad S Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St 46002 Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Azad H Alshatteri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Garmian Kalar 46021 Sulaimani Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Sewara J Mohammed
- Anesthesia Department, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya Sulaimaniya 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaymaniyah Kurdistan Region 46001 Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaymaniyah Kurdistan Region 46001 Iraq
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Charmo University Chamchamal 46023 Sulaymaniyah Iraq
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3
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Oladzadabbasabadi N, Dheyab MA, Nafchi AM, Ghasemlou M, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B. Turning food waste into value-added carbon dots for sustainable food packaging application: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103020. [PMID: 37871382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a recent addition to the nanocarbon family, encompassing both crystalline and amorphous phases. They have sparked significant research interest due to their unique electrical and optical properties, remarkable biocompatibility, outstanding mechanical characteristics, customizable surface chemistry, and negligible cytotoxicity. Their current applications are mainly limited to flexible photonic and biomedical devices, but they have also garnered attention for their potential use in intelligent packaging. The conversion of food waste into CDs further contributes to the concept of the circular economy. It provides a comprehensive overview of emerging green technologies, energy-saving reactions, and cost-effective starting materials involved in the synthesis of CDs. It also highlights the unique properties of biomass-derived CDs, focusing on their structural performance, cellular toxicity, and functional characteristics. The application of CDs in the food industry, including food packaging, is summarized in a concise manner. This paper sheds light on the current challenges and prospects of utilizing CDs in the packaging industry. It aims to provide researchers with a roadmap to tailor the properties of CDs to suit specific applications in the food industry, particularly in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ali Dheyab
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, 31001 Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001., Australia
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4
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Nejad ZK, Khandar AA, Khatamian M, Ghorbani M. Investigating of the anticancer activity of salen/salophen metal complexes based on graphene quantum dots: Induction of apoptosis as part of biological activity. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123092. [PMID: 37247700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This research work is the first report on the synthesis and stabilization of [Fe-Salophen] and [Fe-Salen] complexes by two methods of surface modification and anchoring of synthesized Schiff base ligand on the surface of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The GQDs contain oxygenated functional groups that can act as non-radiative electron-hole recombination centers. Therefore removing these oxygen functional groups may improve quantum yield by reducing or deactivating the surface. In this work, GQDs with the amine functional group were synthesized with a quantum yield of 37.48%. The physicochemical properties of GQDs were investigated by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesis of GQDs-[Fe-Salen] and GQDs-[Fe-Salophen] was evaluated by FT-IR, Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) analyses. Then, using MTT- assay, annexin V-FITC/PI, DAPI staining and cellular uptake assays, the biochemical activity of these complexes on the MCF7 cell line was investigated. The results shows that GQDs-[Fe-Salen] and GQDs-[Fe-Salophen] affect the survival of MCF7 cancer cells and, by nuclear fragmentation cause 35.77% and 19.41% of early apoptosis in cells, respectively. Also was found cellular uptake of GQDs-[Fe-Salen] is higher than that of GQDs-[Fe-Salophen].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marjan Ghorbani
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Kundu A, Maity B, Basu S. Orange Pomace-Derived Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots: Detection of Dual Analytes in the Nanomolar Range. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22178-22189. [PMID: 37360434 PMCID: PMC10285992 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Green-emissive carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with exclusive chemosensing aspects were synthesized from orange pomace as a biomass-based precursor via a facile microwave method without using any chemicals. The synthesis of highly fluorescent CQDs with inherent nitrogen was confirmed through X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. The average size of the synthesized CQDs was found to be 7.5 nm. These fabricated CQDs displayed excellent photostability, water solubility, and outstanding fluorescent quantum yield, i.e., 54.26%. The synthesized CQDs showed promising results for the detection of Cr6+ ions and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The sensitivity of CQDs toward Cr6+ and 4-NP was found up to the nanomolar range with the limit of detection values of 59.6 and 14 nM, respectively. Several analytical performances were thoroughly studied for high precision of dual analytes of the proposed nanosensor. Various photophysical parameters of CQDs (quenching efficiency, binding constant, etc.) were analyzed in the presence of dual analytes to gain more insights into the sensing mechanism. The synthesized CQDs exhibited fluorescence quenching toward incrementing the quencher concentration, which was rationalized by the inner filter effect through time-correlated single-photon counting measurements. The CQDs fabricated in the current work exhibited a lower detection limit and a wide linear range through the simple, eco-friendly, and rapid detection of Cr6+ and 4-NP ions. To evaluate the feasibility of the detection approach, real sample analysis was conducted, demonstrating satisfactory recovery rates and relative standard deviations toward the developed probes. This research paves the way for developing CQDs with superior characteristics utilizing orange pomace (biowaste precursor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Kundu
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Senior Research Fellow—TIET-Virginia
Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Banibrata Maity
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty—TIET-Virginia
Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty—TIET-Virginia
Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
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6
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Shen J, Gu H, He Z, Lin W. Wattle-Bark-Tannin-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots as Multi-Functional Nanomaterials for Intelligent Detection of Cr 6+ Ions, Bio-Imaging, and Fluorescent Ink Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhen He
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Kundu A, Maity B, Basu S. Rice Husk-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots-Based Dual-Mode Nanoprobe for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Fe 3+ and Fluoroquinolones. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4764-4776. [PMID: 36200295 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, eco-friendly, water-soluble, and fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with an average size of 8.3 nm were synthesized from rice husk (RH) using the hydrothermal method, and the CQDs were labeled as rice husk CQDs (RH-CQDs). The composition and surface functionalities were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. A study on the impact of pH and irradiation time on fluorescence affirmed the stability of RH-CQDs. The as-synthesized nanosensor has high selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+ ions. Several photophysical studies were performed to investigate the interaction between RH-CQDs and Fe3+. Using the time-correlated single-photon technique, it is determined that the average lifetime value of RH-CQDs significantly decreases in the presence of Fe3+, which supports a dynamic quenching mechanism. The developed sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity with a detection limit in the nanomolar range (149 nM) with a wide linear range of 0-1300 nM for Fe3+ ions. The prepared nanosensor was also used to detect Fe3+ in a tablet supplement with high recoveries. Moreover, the RH-CQD nanoprobe was used to detect other analytes (fluoroquinolones) using the fluorescence enhancement technique. It showed high selectivity and sensitivity toward ofloxacin (OFX) and ciprofloxacin (CPX). The detection limits calculated were 150 nM and 127 nM with a linearity range of 50-1150 nM for OFX and CPX, respectively. The enhancement of the average lifetime value and quantum yield in the presence of OFX and CPX favors the increased fluorescence property of RH-CQDs through hydrogen bonding and charge transfer. In this work, the integration of two different mechanisms (fluorescence quenching and fluorescence enhancement) was followed to construct a single sensing platform for accurate quantification of dual-mode nanosensors for the detection of metal ions and fluoroquinolones by the excited-state electron transfer and hydrogen bonding mechanism, respectively. This strategy also stimulates the detection of more than one analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Kundu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SRF─TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala147004, India
| | - Banibrata Maity
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty─TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala147004, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty─TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala147004, India
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8
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Zirak Hassan Kiadeh S, Ghaee A, Pishbin F, Nourmohammadi J, Farokhi M. Nanocomposite pectin fibers incorporating folic acid-decorated carbon quantum dots. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:605-617. [PMID: 35809673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pectin has recently attracted increasing attention as an alternative biomaterial commonly used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. It shows several promising properties, including good biocompatibility, health benefits, nontoxicity, and biodegradation. In this research, novel nanocomposite fibers composed of folic acid-decorated carbon dots (CDs) in pectin/PEO matrix were fabricated using the electrospinning technique, which was never reported previously. Nitrogen-doped and nitrogen, sulfur-doped CDs were synthesized with average diameters of 2.74 nm and 2.17 nm using the one-step hydrothermal method, studied regarding their physicochemical, optical, and biocompatibility properties. The relative Quantum yields of N-CDs and N, S doped CDs were measured to be 54.7 % and 30.2 %, respectively. Nanocomposite fibers containing CDs were prepared, and their morphology, physicochemical properties, conductivity, drug release behavior, and cell viability were characterized. The results indicated that CDs improve fibrous scaffolds' tensile strength from 13.74 to 35.22 MPa while maintaining comparable extensibility. Furthermore, by incorporation of CDs in the prepared fibers conductivity enhanced from 8.69 × 10-9 S·m-1 to 1.36 × 10-4 S·m-1. The nanocomposite fibrous scaffold was also biocompatible with controlled drug release over 212 h, potentially promising tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Zirak Hassan Kiadeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ghaee
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemehsadat Pishbin
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jhamak Nourmohammadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Dual Fluorometric Detection of Fe 3+ and Hg 2+ Ions in an Aqueous Medium Using Carbon Quantum Dots as a "Turn-off" Fluorescence Sensor. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1143-1154. [PMID: 35318547 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a carbon dots-based fluorescence (FL) sensor that can detect more than one pollutant simultaneously in the same aqueous solution. The carbon dots-based FL sensor has been prepared by employing a facile hydrothermal method using citric acid and ethylenediamine as precursors. The as-synthesized CDs displayed excellent hydrophilicity, good photostability and blue fluorescence under UV light. They have been used as an efficient "turn-off" FL sensor for dual sensing of Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions in an aqueous medium with high sensitivity and selectivity through a static quenching mechanism. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) for Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions was found to be 0.406 µM and 0.934 µM, respectively over the concentration range of 0-50 µM. Therefore, the present work provides an effective strategy to monitor the concentration of Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions simultaneously in an aqueous medium using environment-friendly CDs.
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10
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Gao X, Wang L, Sun C, Zhou N. Research on Preparation Methods of Carbon Nanomaterials Based on Self-Assembly of Carbon Quantum Dots. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051690. [PMID: 35268791 PMCID: PMC8911832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, based on self-assembly of carbon quantum dots (CDs), an innovative method to prepare nanomaterials under the action of a metal catalyst was presented. CDs were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method with citric acid (CA) as the carbon source, ethylenediamine (EDA) as the passivator and FeSO4•7H2O as the pre-catalyst. In the experiment, it was found that the nano-carbon films with a graphene-like structure were formed on the surface of the solution. The structure of the films was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), etc. The results demonstrated that the films were formed by the self-assembly of CDs under the action of the gas–liquid interface template and the metal catalyst. Meanwhile, the electrochemical performance of the films was evaluated by linear cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GOD) tests. In addition, the bulk solution could be further reacted and self-assembled by reflux to form a bifunctional magnetic–fluorescent composite material. Characterizations such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), fluorescence spectra (FL), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), etc. revealed that it was a composite of superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3 and CDs. The results showed that self-assembly of CDs is a novel and effective method for preparing new carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nan Zhou
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-766-873-464
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11
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Design of bi-pyrene functionalized oxacalixarene probe for ratiometric detection of Fe3+ and PO43- ions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Liu Z, Jia R, Chen F, Yan G, Tian W, Zhang J, Zhang J. Electrochemical process of early-stage corrosion detection based on N-doped carbon dots with superior Fe 3+ responsiveness. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:567-576. [PMID: 34411829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron corrosion is a subject of great technological importance and extensive public concern. However, the highly efficient detection of iron corrosion at early stage is still a challenging task. Herein, bright fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with superior response to Fe3+ were prepared by simple solvothermal process based on citric acid and ammonia. The obtained CDs are able to rapidly, sensitively and selectively respond to Fe3+. The quantitative analysis showed that the CDs exhibited a linear response to Fe3+ in the range of 10 to 300 µM, with a detection limit of 0.9 μM. And the fluorescence quenching of CDs was obvious enough to be detected by the naked eyes. Such promising responsiveness of CDs offers a great opportunity for real-time and visual detection of Fe3+ during electrochemical corrosion process. In addition, due to the excellent stability and solubility of CDs, patterned papers and hydrogels have been fabricated utilizing cellulose and PVA as matrices. The as-prepared biocompatible, environmental-friendly and disposable CDs based fluorescent materials were successfully used for detecting the degree of iron corrosion. This could provide a simple and visual strategy for monitoring the safety of structural metal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ruonan Jia
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Guilong Yan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Weiguo Tian
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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13
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Latief U, Ul Islam S, Khan ZMSH, Khan MS. A facile green synthesis of functionalized carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for a highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe 3+ ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 262:120132. [PMID: 34245967 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported an economical, easy, greener and non-toxic synthesis route of water soluble carbon quantum dots (CQDs) through hydrothermal treatment using gelatin as precursor. Under the UV lamp of wavelength 365 nm, the as-prepared CQDs exhibit strong blue fluorescence along with CIE coordinate index of (0.17, 0.14) and possess a quantum yield of 22.7% with rhodamine B as standard. The morphology of as-synthesized CQDs as investigated by TEM measurement confirmed their spherical shape and also revealed that their sizes varied in the scale of 0.5-5 nm. Furthermore, the CQDs showed excitation dependent fluorescence emission behaviour in range of 280 nm to 420 nm as a result of quantum confinement effect. Apart from this, in CQDs solution, the addition of Fe3+ ion lead to fluorescence quenching effect. These results revealed that the as-synthesized CQDs have a sensitive response towards the Fe3+ ion. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) is 0.2 μM with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.996 in the concentration range 0 to 50 μM. More remarkably, the application of CQDs for monitoring the trace level of Fe3+ ion in tap water yielded acceptable recoveries (103.33%-105%). Therefore, this work provides a novel additional fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe3+ ion in real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urosa Latief
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shafi Ul Islam
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Zubair M S H Khan
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Shahid Khan
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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14
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K. K, P. N. Facile and Green synthesis of fluorescent N-doped carbon dots from betel leaves for sensitive detection of Picric acid and Iron ion. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Hu Y, Ji W, Qiao J, Li H, Zhang Y, Luo J. Simple and Sensitive Multi-components Detection Using Synthetic Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots Based on Soluble Starch. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1379-1392. [PMID: 34156612 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent sensors have been widely exploited, multi-component detection using CDs without tedious surface modification is always a challenging task. Here, two kinds of nitrogen-doped CDs (NCD-m and NCD-o) based on soluble starch (SS) as carbon source were prepared through one-pot hydrothermal process using m-phenylenediamine and o-phenylenediamine as nitrogenous dopant respectively. Through fluorescence "on-off" mechanism of CDs, NCD-m and NCD-o could be used as a fluorescence sensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Ag + with LOD of 0.25 and 0.51 μM, respectively. Additionally, NCD-m could be used for indirect detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with LOD of 5.02 μM. Moreover, fluorescence intensity of NCD-m also exhibited the sensitivity to pH change from 2 to 13. More importantly, Both NCD-m and NCD-o had potential application for analysis of complicated real samples such as tap water, Vitamin C tablets and orange juice. Ultimately, the small size of NCD-m could contribute to reinforcing intracellular endocytosis, which allowed them to be used for bacteria imaging. Obviously, these easily obtainable nitrogen-doped CDs were able to be used for multi-components detection. Strategy for synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) and a schematic for fabrication of as-prepared NCDs for detection of Fe 3+, Ag + and ascorbic acid (AA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, SATCM), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Wenxuan Ji
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jinjuan Qiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jun Luo
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China.
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Preparation of Multifunctional N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Citrus clementina Peel: Investigating Targeted Pharmacological Activities and the Potential Application for Fe 3+ Sensing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090857. [PMID: 34577557 PMCID: PMC8465261 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently emerged as innovative theranostic nanomaterials, enabling fast and effective diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a facile hydrothermal approach for N-doped biomass-derived CQDs preparation from Citrus clementina peel and amino acids glycine (Gly) and arginine (Arg) has been presented. The gradual increase in the N-dopant (amino acids) nitrogen content increased the quantum yield of synthesized CQDs. The prepared CQDs exhibited good biocompatibility, stability in aqueous, and high ionic strength media, similar optical properties, while differences were observed regarding the structural and chemical diversity, and biological and antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative effect of CQD@Gly against pancreatic cancer cell lines (CFPAC-1) was observed. At the same time, CQD@Arg has demonstrated the highest quantum yield and antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging radical method of 81.39 ± 0.39% and has been further used for the ion sensing and cellular imaging of cancer cells. The obtained results have demonstrated selective response toward Fe3+ detection, with linear response ranging from 7.0 µmol dm−3 to 50.0 µmol dm−3 with R2 = 0.9931 and limit of detection (LOD) of 4.57 ± 0.27 µmol dm−3. This research could be a good example of sustainable biomass waste utilization with potential for biomedical analysis and ion sensing applications.
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Mukherjee S, Bhattacharyya S, Ghosh K, Pal S, Halder A, Naseri M, Mohammadniaei M, Sarkar S, Ghosh A, Sun Y, Bhattacharyya N. Sensory development for heavy metal detection: A review on translation from conventional analysis to field-portable sensor. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Cai Z, Wu L, Qi K, Deng C, Zhang C. Blue-emitting glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters as fluorescent probes for the highly specific biosensing of furazolidone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119145. [PMID: 33186816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a facile, straightforward and green method was developed to prepare copper nanoclusters by using glutathione (GSH) as the protecting agent and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. The glutathione-templated copper nanoclusters (GSH-Cu NCs) were characterized through fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence lifetime analysis. The as-synthesized Cu NCs showed blue fluorescence with a peak centered at 426 nm. The Cu NCs had excellent water solubility, stability and dispersibility. Based on the inner filter effect and static quenching mechanism, Cu NCs were employed to detect furazolidone in bovine serum samples. Under optimal detection conditions, a good linear relationship was observed between F0/F and the furazolidone concentration from 0.05 to 60 μM. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.012 μM. Furthermore, the fluorescence probe was successfully used in the quantification of furazolidone in bovine serum samples. In addition, this analytical method provides a rapid, easy and ultrasensitive fluorescence platform for the detection of furazolidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China.
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Kaifei Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Chenhua Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China; Humic Acid Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
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Liu Q, Ren B, Xie K, Yan Y, Liu R, Lv S, He Q, Yang B, Li L. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots for sensitive detection of ferric ions and monohydrogen phosphate by the naked eye and imaging in living cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:805-811. [PMID: 36133842 PMCID: PMC9418011 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) have been prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal method by using formamide and o-phenylenediamine as the carbon precursors. The as-fabricated N-CDs display excellent water dispersibility, good biocompatibility and anti-photobleaching properties. A strong emission band with an emission maximum (λ fl max) of 556 nm is observed under 450 nm excitation, and a large Stokes shift of 106 nm is presented. However, the fluorescence is quenched by the addition of Fe3+; a good linearity is shown in the range of 0-65 μM with a detection limit as low as 0.85 μM. Fortunately, the quenched fluorescence could be recovered rapidly by the addition of monohydrogen phosphate (HPO4 2-) due to the formation of the stable [N-CDs-Fe3+-HPO4 2-] complex, and a good linearity is exhibited in the range of 0-60 μM with a low detection limit of 0.80 μM for HPO4 2-. A novel "on-off-on" fluorescence response is seen with an obvious color change from yellow-crimson-yellow by the naked eye. In addition, the confocal microscopy images suggest that the as-synthesized N-CDs could serve as a sensitive nanosensor for Fe3+ and HPO4 2- detection, implying the diverse potential application of N-CDs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Borong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Kaixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Yanmei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Ruirong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Shiyou Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Qing He
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Boru Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University 319 University Street, Yuci District Jinzhong 030619 P. R. China +86-351-2886580
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20
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Samimi S, Ardestani MS, Dorkoosh FA. Preparation of carbon quantum dots- quinic acid for drug delivery of gemcitabine to breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Cai Z, Chen S, Ma X, Na D, Zhao J, Wu T, Zhang C. Preparation and use of tyrosine-capped copper nanoclusters as fluorescent probe to determine rutin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Liu X, Zhang S, Xu H, Wang R, Dong L, Gao S, Tang B, Fang W, Hou F, Zhong L, Aldalbahi A. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Poly(ethyleneimine) for Optical Dual-Mode Determination of Cu 2+ and l-Cysteine and Their Logic Gate Operation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47245-47255. [PMID: 32955238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from poly(ethyleneimine) (PQDs) were synthesized by a low-cost and facile one-step hydrothermal method without other reagents. A quantum yield (QY) of up to 23.2% with maximum emission at 460 nm under an excitation wavelength of 340 nm was ascribed to the high nitrogen doping (20.59%). The PQDs selectively form a blue complex with Cu2+ accompanied by strong quenching of the fluorescence emission. Meanwhile, the PQD-Cu2+ complex exhibited selective fluorescence recovery and color disappearance on exposure to l-cysteine (Cys). The electron transfer from amino or oxygen groups on the PQDs to Cu2+ leads to fluorescence quenching, and a chromogenic reaction of the cuprammonium complex results in a color change. The strong affinity between Cys and Cu2+ causes the detachment of Cu2+ from the surface of PQDs, so the color of the solution disappears and the fluorescence of PQDs recovers. Under the optimized condition, the proposed sensor was applied to detect Cu2+ in the linear range of 0-280 μM. A detection limit of 4.75 μM is achieved using fluorescence spectroscopy and 4.74 μM by monitoring the absorbance variation at 272 nm. For Cys detection, the linear range of 0-800 μM with detection limits of 28.11 μM (fluorescence determination) and 19.74 μM (peak shift determination at 272 nm) was obtained. Meanwhile, the PQD-Cu2+ system exhibits distinguishable responses to other biothiols such as l-glutathione (GSH) and dl-homocysteine (Hcy). Based on the multimode signals, an "AND" logic gate was constructed successfully. Interestingly, besides Cu2+, Fe3+ can also quench the fluorescence of PQDs and the PQD-Fe3+ system exhibits superior selectivity for Cys detection. Most importantly, the proposed assay is not only simple, cheap, and stable but also suitable for detecting Cu2+ and Cys in some real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ruru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lina Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shanmin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Boyang Tang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weina Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Faju Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Kottam N, S P S. "Luminescent carbon nanodots: Current prospects on synthesis, properties and sensing applications". Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 9. [PMID: 33043896 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abc008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
"Nanocarbon science" ignited interest owing to its substantial scope in biomedicine, energy and environment-beneficial applications. Carbon dots (C-dots), a multi-faceted nanocarbon material, emerged as a homologue to graphene and henceforth geared extensive investigation both on its properties and applications. Eximious properties like excitation-wavelength tunable fluorescence emission, up-converted photoluminescence, photon-induced electron transfer, low cytotoxicity, chiroptical behavior, high chemical and photostability set the ground for astounding applications of carbon dots. Abundant availability of raw "green" precursors complementary to other molecular/graphitic precursors make them environmentally benign, inexpensive and ultimately "nanomaterials of the current decade". This review focuses on the synthesis of carbon dots not only from natural sources but also from other carbonaceous precursors and contemplates the inherent but controversial properties. We also aim to garner the attention of readers to the recent progress achieved by C-dots in one of its prestantious area of applications as nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kottam
- Chemistry, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT post, MSR Nagar, MSRIT post, Bangalore, 560054, INDIA
| | - Smrithi S P
- M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
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24
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Kalaiyarasan G, Joseph J, Kumar P. Phosphorus-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorometric Probes for Iron Detection. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22278-22288. [PMID: 32923785 PMCID: PMC7482302 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a novel fluorescent nanomaterial, have been extensively employed/explored in various applications, that is, biosensors, bioimaging, nanomedicine, therapeutics, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, energy storage system, and so forth. In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization, and the application of phosphorus-doped CQDs (PCQDs), synthesized using trisodium citrate and phosphoric acid by the hydrothermal method. The effect of phosphorus doping on optical features and the formation of PCQDs have been explored elaborately by controlling the concentrations of precursors, reaction time, and the temperature. The fluorescent quantum yield for PCQDs was determined to be 16.1% at an excitation/emission wavelength of 310/440 nm. Also, the optical and structural properties of PCQDs were determined by using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Static quenching of fluorescence was determined upon the addition of Fe3+ to PCQDs because of the formation of the fluorescent inactive complex (PCQDs-Fe3+). Hence, this chemistry leads to the development of a new fluorometric assay for the detection of Fe3+. The lower limit of Fe3+ detection is determined to be 9.5 nM (3σ/slope), with the linear fit from 20 nM to 3.0 μM (R 2 = 0.99). We have validated this new assay in the raw, ejected, and purified water samples of the RO plant by the standard addition method. These results suggest the possibility of developing a new commercial assay for Fe3+ detection in blood, urine, and various industrial waste and sewage water samples. Furthermore, recycling the pollutant water into the freshwater using filters that consist of PCQDs offers a great deal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Kalaiyarasan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - James Joseph
- Electrodics
and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central
Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
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25
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Kapoor S, Jha A, Ahmad H, Islam SS. Avenue to Large-Scale Production of Graphene Quantum Dots from High-Purity Graphene Sheets Using Laboratory-Grade Graphite Electrodes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18831-18841. [PMID: 32775885 PMCID: PMC7408250 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has unprecedented physical, chemical, and electronic properties, but need of the hour is to develop low-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), that could be incorporated into nanoscale devices. This article depicts the production of GQDs from ultrafine, thin (0.8-1 nm), bilayer graphene sheets (GSs) possessing large micron-sized lateral dimension, low defect density (I D/I G: 0.1), and oxidation degree (C/O ratio: 27) of lowest level, in contrast to many other techniques where synthesis of GSs was done using analytical-grade expensive graphite electrodes. This low-cost manufacturing of GSs for industrial-scale applications was achieved by utilizing only 99%-purity graphite electrodes. The variants of such graphite electrodes (graphite rod, film, pencil) are etched in different pH electrolytes (H2SO4, NaCl, NaOH) via prompt electrochemical exfoliation, each giving more than 50% yield. Nowadays, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are utilized in smart device production industries, but their toxicity is a major issue of concern. Therefore, the dimension of this two-dimensional (2D) material is reduced to <10 nm to generate GQDs. A facile and highly reproducible approach has been reported for the large-scale generation of GQDs (size ca. 6-10 nm) with minimal surface defects. The protocol followed in this article to synthesize GQDs involves the use of ethylenediamine (en), which passivates the surface and reduces defects, thereby enhancing the optical properties. We demonstrate the correlation of the electrochemical and hydrothermal parameters with the growth mechanism and morphological, structural, chemical, and optical properties of the graphene nanomaterials. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the structural configurations of GSs and GQDs to investigate the nature of defects. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirms the morphological characteristics of the as-prepared GSs and GQDs with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis determining the C/O ratio. The optical properties like UV-visible absorption and fluorescence assays show the quantum confinement effect phenomenon in GQDs. The obtained GSs and GQDs display enhanced solution stability in DI water and other solvents due to controllable oxidation degree as elucidated through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Kapoor
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Aaruni Jha
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - S. S. Islam
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Issa MA, Abidin ZZ, Sobri S, Rashid SA, Mahdi MA, Ibrahim NA. Fluorescent recognition of Fe 3+ in acidic environment by enhanced-quantum yield N-doped carbon dots: optimization of variables using central composite design. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11710. [PMID: 32678157 PMCID: PMC7366660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A versatile synthetic approach for development of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) from carboxymethylcellulose in the presence of linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) has been developed. According to single factor method, central composite design incorporated with response surface methodology matrix was applied to find and model optimal conditions for the temperature (220-260 °C), duration (1-3 h) and LPEI weight (0.5-1.5%). The statistical results show that duration was the most significant parameter for efficient carbonization conversion rate in comparison with temperature and LPEI weight. The reduced cubic model (R2 = 0.9993) shows a good correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The optimal variables were temperature of 260 °C, duration of 2 h and LPEI weight of 1%. Under these conditions, quantum yield of up to 44% was obtained. The numerically optimized N-CDs have an average size of 3.4 nm with graphitic nature owing to the abundant amino species incorporated into the carbon core framework. The blue-green N-CDs possess emission dependent upon the solvent polarity, wide pH stability with enhanced emission in an acidic environment. Impressively, the N-CDs show long-shelf-life for up to 1 year with no noticeable precipitation. The N-CDs were able to recognize a high concentration of Fe3+ ions with a detection limit of 0.14 μM in acidic solution owing to the special coordination for Fe3+ to be captured by electron-donating oxygen/ amino groups around N-CDs. Moreover, the N-CDs can also be used as a new kind of fluorescent ink for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Z Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Department of Computer and Communications Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mishra H, Singh VK, Ali R, Vikram K, Singh J, Misra A, Mishra H, Srivastava A. Fluorescence quenching of molybdenum disulfide quantum dots for metal ion sensing. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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28
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Nie X, Jiang C, Wu S, Chen W, Lv P, Wang Q, Liu J, Narh C, Cao X, Ghiladi RA, Wei Q. Carbon quantum dots: A bright future as photosensitizers for in vitro antibacterial photodynamic inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2020; 206:111864. [PMID: 32247250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have increasingly gained the attention of the nano-, photo- and biomedical communities owing to their unique photophysical properties. Here, we facilely synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in a one-pot solvothermal reaction, and demonstrated their utility as photosensitizers for in vitro antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI). The bottom-up synthesis employed inexpensive and sustainable starting materials (citric acid), used ethanol as an environmentally-friendly solvent, was relatively energy efficient, produced minimal waste, and purification was accomplished simply by filtration. The CQDs were characterized by both physical (TEM, X-ray diffraction) and spectroscopic (UV-visible, fluorescence, and ATR-FTIR) methods, which together confirmed their nanoscale dimensions and photophysical properties. aPDI studies demonstrated detection limit inactivation (99.9999 + %) of Gram-negative Escherichia coli 8099 and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538 upon visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm, 65 ± 5 mW/cm2; 60 min). Post-illumination SEM images of the bacteria incubated with the CQDs showed perforated and fragmented cell membranes consistent with damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mechanistic studies revealed that the bacteria were inactivated by singlet oxygen, with no discernable roles for other ROS (e.g., superoxide or hydroxyl radicals). These findings demonstrated that CQDs can be facilely prepared, operate via a Type II mechanism, and are effective photosensitizers for in vitro aPDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shuanglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wangbingfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Christopher Narh
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuming Cao
- Jiangsu Sunshine Group Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214122, China
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Mohammed LJ, Omer KM. Dual functional highly luminescence B, N Co-doped carbon nanodots as nanothermometer and Fe 3+/Fe 2+ sensor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3028. [PMID: 32080282 PMCID: PMC7033239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual functional fluorescence nanosensors have many potential applications in biology and medicine. Monitoring temperature with higher precision at localized small length scales or in a nanocavity is a necessity in various applications. As well as the detection of biologically interesting metal ions using low-cost and sensitive approach is of great importance in bioanalysis. In this paper, we describe the preparation of dual-function highly fluorescent B, N-co-doped carbon nanodots (CDs) that work as chemical and thermal sensors. The CDs emit blue fluorescence peaked at 450 nm and exhibit up to 70% photoluminescence quantum yield with showing excitation-independent fluorescence. We also show that water-soluble CDs display temperature-dependent fluorescence and can serve as highly sensitive and reliable nanothermometers with a thermo-sensitivity 1.8% °C-1, and wide range thermo-sensing between 0-90 °C with excellent recovery. Moreover, the fluorescence emission of CDs are selectively quenched after the addition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions while show no quenching with adding other common metal cations and anions. The fluorescence emission shows a good linear correlation with concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (R2 = 0.9908 for Fe2+ and R2 = 0.9892 for Fe3+) with a detection limit of of 80.0 ± 0.5 nM for Fe2+ and 110.0 ± 0.5 nM for Fe3+. Considering the high quantum yield and selectivity, CDs are exploited to design a nanoprobe towards iron detection in a biological sample. The fluorimetric assay is used to detect Fe2+ in iron capsules and total iron in serum samples successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazo Jazaa Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
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30
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Pang S, Liu S. Dual-emission carbon dots for ratiometric detection of Fe 3+ ions and acid phosphatase. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:155-161. [PMID: 32138914 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple and convenient route to prepare fluorescent carbon dots with dual emission peaks respectively at 470 and 570 nm. The prepared dual-emission carbon dots can be used for ratiometric detection of Fe3+ ions in the range from 0 to 50 μmol·L-1 with 0.8 μmol·L-1 detection limit based on the fluorescence quenching at 570 nm. The quenched fluorescence induced by Fe3+ ions could be recovered by pyrophosphate. We further used the carbon dots-Fe3+ ions-pyrophosphate mixed system for ratiometric detection of acid phosphatase in the range from 0.08 to 6.75 μg·mL-1 with 0.01 μg·mL-1 detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Pang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
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31
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Bharathi G, Nataraj D, Premkumar S, Saravanan P, Thangadurai DT, Khyzhun OY, Senthilkumar K, Kathiresan R, Kolandaivel P, Gupta M, Phase D. Insight into the photophysics of strong dual emission (blue & green) producing graphene quantum dot clusters and their application towards selective and sensitive detection of trace level Fe3+ and Cr6+ ions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26613-26630. [PMID: 35515801 PMCID: PMC9055443 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-nanostructured systems, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are well known for their interesting light-emitting characteristics and are being applied to a variety of luminescence-based applications. The emission properties of GQDs are complex. Therefore, understanding the science of the photophysics of coupled quantum systems (like quantum clusters) is still challenging. In this regard, we have successfully prepared two different types of GQD clusters, and explored their photophysical properties in detail. By co-relating the structure and photophysics, it was possible to understand the emission behavior of the cluster in detail. This gave new insight into understanding the clustering effect on the emission behaviour. The results clearly indicated that although GQDs are well connected, the local discontinuity in the structure prohibits the dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers going from one domain to another. Therefore, an excitation-sensitive dual emission was possible. Emission yield values of about 18% each were recorded at the blue and green emission wavelengths at a particular excitation energy. This meant that the choice of emission color was decided by the excitation energy. Through systematic analysis, it was found that both intrinsic and extrinsic effects contributed to the blue emission, whereas only the intrinsic effect contributed to the green emission. These excitation-sensitive dual emissive GQD clusters were then used to sense Fe3+ and Cr6+ ions in the nanomolar range. While the Cr6+ ions were able to quench both blue and green emissions, the Fe3+ ions quenched blue emission only. The insensitivity of the Fe3+ ions in the quenching of the green emission was also understood through quantum chemical calculations. Schematic representation for the origin of blue and green emissions, and the resultant PL emission spectra from the GQD interconnected cluster-type sample.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathi Bharathi
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices (QM-ED) Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Devaraj Nataraj
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices (QM-ED) Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Sellan Premkumar
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices (QM-ED) Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | | | - Daniel T. Thangadurai
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology
- Sri Ramakrishana Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University
- Coimbatore – 641 022
- India
| | - Oleg Yu Khyzhun
- Department of Structural Chemistry of Solids
- Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- UA-03142 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Kittusamy Senthilkumar
- UGC-CPEPA Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics for the Development of Solar Energy Materials and Devices
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Ramasamy Kathiresan
- Macromolecular Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Ponmalai Kolandaivel
- Macromolecular Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Mukul Gupta
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research
- Indore
- India
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Wu H, Pang LF, Fu MJ, Guo XF, Wang H. Boron and nitrogen codoped carbon dots as fluorescence sensor for Fe 3+ with improved selectivity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113052. [PMID: 31884391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are popular as fluorescence sensors, and metal ions are typical analytes. However, CDs used as fluorescent sensors for Fe3+ have some interferences coming from co-existed ions. In this study, we suspect that sp3 boron atom in phenylboronic acid group will be more compatible with Fe3+ to form coordination bonds, thereby increasing the selectivity to Fe3+. Hence, we designed and synthesized boron and nitrogen codoped carbon dots (BN-CDs) for detection of Fe3+ via a hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine (OPA) and 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylchloroformate as precursors. From the results, we found that BN-CDs had superior selectivity to Fe3+ in the presence of the other common interfering metal ions like Cu2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+. Besides, the obtained BN-CDs exhibited good water solubility, favorable photostability, excellent pH stability between pH 2-11, and strong fluorescence intensity with quantum yield up to 31.5 %. These excellent properties of carbon dots validate that our idea is feasible, and can be used for design CDs for Fe3+ detection. Quenching mechanism study showed the fluorescence intensity of BN-CDs could be dramatically quenched by Fe3+ through dynamic and static synergy process. Finally, the as prepared BN-CDs were successfully applied to the determination of Fe3+ in fetal bovine serum and lake water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Lan-Fang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Meng-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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33
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The synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from mango peel and their multiple applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chakraborty M, Mitra I, Sarkar K, Bardhan M, Paul S, Basu S, Goswami A, Saha A, Show B, Ganguly T. Fluorescence enhancement via aggregation effect due to microenvironmental alterations in human hemoglobin protein in presence of carbon quantum dots (CQD): Comparative spectroscopic approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 215:313-326. [PMID: 30851689 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CQDs have emerged with outstanding properties as a star member of carbon nanomaterial family and in order to reveal its wide-range of application in biological microenvironment the interactions between human hemoglobin (HHb) and CQD and also with ethylenediamine-functionalized CQD (NCQD) are assessed using several techniques. Firstly, UV-vis absorption spectra of HHb reveal hyperchromic effect in the region of absorbance of tryptophan and tyrosine residues and also hypochromicity of Soret band in presence of CQD and NCQD. Interestingly, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy reveal distinct fluorescence enhancement of HHb with significant red shift thereby indicating exposures of tryptophan and tyrosine residues to a more hydrophilic environment. However synchronous fluorescence spectra reveal that the microenvironment of tryptophan and tyrosine residues is altered in opposite manner, i.e. exposure of tryptophan residues to a more hydrophilic environment and the tyrosine residues to a more hydrophobic environment. Moreover the fluorescence enhancement is observed to be accompanied by increase in average fluorescence-lifetime and decrease in steady-state anisotropy thus signifying a decrease in restriction of rotational motion. Furthermore tryptophan residues within HHb appear to interact more with CQD compared to NCQD. Thermodynamic parameters as revealed by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) demonstrate that electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are the predominant modes of interactions in presence of CQD. Whereas hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions are the major interacting forces in presence of NCQD with five-site sequential binding as best-fit model in both the cases. Such interactions also appear to be associated with an increase in aggregation of HHb as evident from the measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) study. Although FT-IR spectra display alteration of amide I band, but the overall secondary structure of HHb seems to be nearly retained even in presence of CQDs, as evident in the CD spectra. These observations thus highlight the potential biomedical application of CQDs in biological microenvironment of human especially as drug-delivery system. Also bimolecular interaction of HHb as a model protein with other nanoparticles at the nano bio-interface has been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishani Mitra
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kuntal Sarkar
- School of Laser Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Somnath Paul
- School of Laser Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satakshi Basu
- Agriculture and Ecological Research Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Arunava Goswami
- Agriculture and Ecological Research Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Abhijit Saha
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Center, III/LB-B Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Bibhutibhushan Show
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Ganguly
- School of Laser Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Recent Advancements in Doped/Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Multi-Potential Applications. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)/carbon nanodots are a new class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials having an approximate size in the range of 2–10 nm. The majority of the reported review articles have discussed about the development of the CQDs (via simple and cost-effective synthesis methods) for use in bio-imaging and chemical-/biological-sensing applications. However, there is a severe lack of consolidated studies on the recently developed CQDs (especially doped/co-doped) that are utilized in different areas of application. Hence, in this review, we have extensively discussed about the recent development in doped and co-doped CQDs (using elements/heteroatoms—e.g., boron (B), fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), and phosphorous (P)), along with their synthesis method, reaction conditions, and/or quantum yield (QY), and their emerging multi-potential applications including electrical/electronics (such as light emitting diode (LED) and solar cells), fluorescent ink for anti-counterfeiting, optical sensors (for detection of metal ions, drugs, and pesticides/fungicides), gene delivery, and temperature probing.
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36
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Molaei MJ. A review on nanostructured carbon quantum dots and their applications in biotechnology, sensors, and chemiluminescence. Talanta 2018; 196:456-478. [PMID: 30683392 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a member of carbon nanostructures family which have received increasing attention for their photoluminescence (PL), physical and chemical stability and low toxicity. The classical semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor particles that are able to emit fluorescence by excitation. The CQDs is mainly referred to photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles less than 10 nm, with surface modification or functionalization. Contrary to other carbon nanostructures, CQDs can be synthesized and functionalized fast and easily. The fluorescence origin of the CQDs is a controversial issue which depends on carbon source, experimental conditions, and functional groups. However, PL emissions originated from conjugated π-domains and surface defects have been proposed for the PL emission mechanisms of the CQDs. These nanostructures have been used as nontoxic alternatives to the classical heavy metals containing semiconductor QDs in some applications such as in-vivo and in-vitro bio-imaging, drug delivery, photosensors, chemiluminescence (CL), and etc. This paper will introduce CQDs, their structure, and PL characteristics. Recent advances of the application of CQDs in biotechnology, sensors, and CL is comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Molaei
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran.
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37
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Fabrication of poly (4,4′-oxybisbenzenamine) and its conjugated copolymers initiated by easily accessible carbon dots. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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He Y, Feng Z, Shi X, Li S, Liu Y, Zeng G, He H. N- and O-Doped Carbon Dots for Rapid and High-Throughput Dual Detection of Trace Amounts of Iron in Water and Organic Phases. J Fluoresc 2018; 29:137-144. [PMID: 30406409 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a dual use of highly fluorescent N- and O-doped carbon dots (CDs) for rapid and high-throughput trace analysis of iron in water and organic phases. The CDs are rapidly synthesized in a sealed vessel via microwave irradiation within 5 min, and they exhibit high quantum yields of 80% with sensitive quenching responses to iron contents. Combined with a microplate fluorescence reader, a rapid and high-throughput assay for ions is further developed. The whole process from the CD synthesis to the detection output can be accomplished within 15 min. The limits of detection for Fe3+ in aqueous solution and ferrocene in organic gasoline are determined down to 0.05 mM. Furthermore, this method has been successfully used to determine the level of irons in real gasoline for quality evaluation. The results have an excellent agreement with atomic absorption spectrophotometric measurements. The CD-based facile assay with lower cost, use of less sample, and higher-throughput holds great promise as a powerful tool for iron detection in water and organic phase samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Feng
- Testing Institute for Chemicals & Minerals, Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 99 Huanghe East Road, Huangdao District, 266500, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
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Vallan L, Urriolabeitia EP, Ruipérez F, Matxain JM, Canton-Vitoria R, Tagmatarchis N, Benito AM, Maser WK. Supramolecular-Enhanced Charge Transfer within Entangled Polyamide Chains as the Origin of the Universal Blue Fluorescence of Polymer Carbon Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12862-12869. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vallan
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jon M. Matxain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana M. Benito
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang K. Maser
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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40
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Carbon nanodots: Opportunities and limitations to study their biodistribution at the human lung epithelial tissue barrier. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06D404. [PMID: 30205690 DOI: 10.1116/1.5043373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of combustion-derived ultrafine particles (≤0.1 μm) has been found to be associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. However, correlation of the physicochemical properties of carbon-based particles such as surface charge and agglomeration state with adverse health effects has not yet been established, mainly due to limitations related to the detection of carbon particles in biological environments. The authors have therefore applied model particles as mimics of simplified particles derived from incomplete combustion, namely, carbon nanodots (CNDs) with different surface modifications and fluorescent properties. Their possible adverse cellular effects and their biodistribution pattern were assessed in a three-dimensional (3D) lung epithelial tissue model. Three different CNDs, namely, nitrogen, sulfur codoped CNDs ( N,S-CNDs) and nitrogen doped CNDs ( N-CNDs-1 and N-CNDs-2), were prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization using different precursors or different microwave systems. These CNDs were found to possess different chemical and photophysical properties. The surfaces of nanodots N-CNDs-1 and N-CNDs-2 were positively charged or neutral, respectively, arguably due to the presence of amine and amide groups, while the surfaces of N,S-CNDs were negatively charged, as they bear carboxylic groups in addition to amine and amide groups. Photophysical measurements showed that these three types of CNDs displayed strong photon absorption in the UV range. Both N-CNDs-1 and N,S-CNDs showed weak fluorescence emission, whereas N-CNDs-2 showed intense emission. A 3D human lung model composed of alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cell line) and two primary immune cells, i.e., macrophages and dendritic cells, was exposed to CNDs via a pseudo-air-liquid interface at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Exposure to these particles for 24 h induced no harmful effect on the cells as assessed by cytotoxicity, cell layer integrity, cell morphology, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokines release. The distribution of the CNDs in the lung model was estimated by measuring the fluorescence intensity in three different fractions, e.g., apical, intracellular, and basal, after 1, 4, and 24 h of incubation, whereby reliable results were only obtained for N-CNDs-2. It was shown that N-CNDs-2 translocate rapidly, i.e., >40% in the basal fraction within 1 h and almost 100% after 4 h, while ca. 80% of the N-CNDs-1 and N,S-CNDs were still located on the apical surface of the lung cells after 1 h. This could be attributed to the agglomeration behavior of N-CNDs-1 or N,S-CNDs. The surface properties of the N-CNDs bearing amino and amide groups likely induce greater uptake as N-CNDs could be detected intracellularly. This was less evident for N,S-CNDs, which bear carboxylic acid groups on their surface. In conclusion, CNDs have been designed as model systems for carbon-based particles; however, their small size and agglomeration behavior made their quantification by fluorescence measurement challenging. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that the surface properties and agglomeration affected the biodistribution of the particles at the lung epithelial barrier in vitro.
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Zhang Q, Xie S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Wu J, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang Y. A Facile Synthesis of Highly Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Imaging and Detection in Biological Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:7890937. [PMID: 30116649 PMCID: PMC6079530 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7890937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A facile, green, and high-output hydrothermal synthesis was proposed for the fabrication of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-doped CDs). The nitrogen content in N-doped CDs reached 19.2% and demonstrated strong blue fluorescence emission was obtained with fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of up to 32.9%, which exhibit high fluorescence quantum yield, high photostability, and excellent biocompatibility. The N-doped CDs possess high photostability, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility, based on which the N-doped CDs were successfully applied as a fluorescence probe for cell imaging. Moreover, it was then successfully demonstrated for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchun Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Siqi Xie
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yanqun Yang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yun Wu
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Jincheng Wu
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
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Ren G, Yu L, Zhu B, Tang M, Chai F, Wang C, Su Z. Orange emissive carbon dots for colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol by fluorescence conversion. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16095-16102. [PMID: 35542238 PMCID: PMC9080255 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, infrequent orange carbon nanodots (CNDs) were applied as a dual-readout probe for the effective colorimetric and fluorescent detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The orange fluorescence could be rapidly and selectively quenched by TNP, and the colorimetric response from the original pink color to blue could also be captured immediately by the naked eye. A limit of detection of 0.127 μM for TNP was estimated by the fluorescent method and 5 × 10-5 M by visualized detection. Interestingly, the fluorescence of the CNDs with TNP gradually transitioned from orange to green upon irradiation by a UV lamp, and the colorimetric response transitioned from pink to blue to colorless, which ensured effective multi-response detection of TNP. In addition, the CNDs exhibited bright fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity, making them high-quality fluorescent probes for cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Liying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Baoya Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Fang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Chungang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
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Lv P, Yao Y, Li D, Zhou H, Naeem MA, Feng Q, Huang J, Cai Y, Wei Q. Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon dots anchored on bacterial cellulose and their application in iron ion detection. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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