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Tiefenthaler L, Ameixa J, Martini P, Albertini S, Ballauf L, Zankl M, Goulart M, Laimer F, von Haeften K, Zappa F, Scheier P. An intense source for cold cluster ions of a specific composition. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033315. [PMID: 32260000 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The demand for nanoscale materials of ultra-high purity and narrow size distribution is addressed. Clusters of Au, C60, H2O, and serine are produced inside helium nanodroplets using a combination of ionization, mass filtering, collisions with atomic or molecular vapor, and electrostatic extraction, in a specific and novel sequence. The helium droplets are produced in an expansion of cold helium gas through a nozzle into vacuum. The droplets are ionized by electron bombardment and subjected to a mass filter. The ionic and mass-selected helium droplets are then guided through a vacuum chamber filled with atomic or molecular vapor where they collide and "pick up" the vapor. The dopants then agglomerate inside the helium droplets around charge centers to singly charged clusters. Evaporation of the helium droplets is induced by collisions in a helium-filled radio frequency (RF)-hexapole, which liberates the cluster ions from the host droplets. The clusters are analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is demonstrated that using this sequence, the size distribution of the dopant cluster ions is distinctly narrower compared to ionization after pickup. Likewise, the ion cluster beam is more intense. The mass spectra show, as well, that ion clusters of the dopants can be produced with only few helium atoms attached, which will be important for messenger spectroscopy. All these findings are important for the scientific research of clusters and nanoscale materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tiefenthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Ameixa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Martini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Albertini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Ballauf
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Zankl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Goulart
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Laimer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K von Haeften
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. From Isolated Ions to Multilayer Functional Materials Using Ion Soft Landing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16270-16284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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Roese S, Kononov A, Timoshenko J, Frenkel AI, Hövel H. Cluster Assemblies Produced by Aggregation of Preformed Ag Clusters in Ionic Liquids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4811-4819. [PMID: 29566484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can be used as electrosterical stabilizers for nanoparticles without adding stabilizing agents. However, the nanoparticle stability and its mechanisms are still in discussion. We deposited preformed 2 nm ±0.6 nm silver clusters into the ionic liquid C4MIM PF6 using in situ UV/vis absorption to monitor the deposition process. The time- and temperature-dependent cluster aggregation process was studied with ex situ UV/vis absorption spectroscopy analyzed with electrodynamic calculations using generalized Mie theory. On an atomistic level, the sample structure was investigated using EXAFS and a neural network based analysis of XANES. The combination of all methods shows that an aggregation of the original 2 nm clusters without coalescence takes place, which can be controlled or stopped by choosing an appropriate sample temperature. This approach allows the controlled production of chainlike cluster aggregates in RTIL, promising for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Roese
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Alexander Kononov
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
- Division of Chemistry , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Heinz Hövel
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
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