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Ciulla MG, Marchini A, Gazzola J, Sambrotta M, Gelain F. Low-power microwaves: a cell-compatible physical treatment to enhance the mechanical properties of self-assembling peptides. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15840-15854. [PMID: 37747054 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials designed for tissue engineering applications should, among other requirements, mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissues to be regenerated, both in terms of biomimetic and mechanical properties. Ideally, the scaffold stiffness and stress resistance should be tuned for each specific implantation therapy. Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are promising synthetic bionanomaterials prone to easy multi-functionalization, bestowing biomimetic properties. However, they usually yield soft and fragile hydrogels unsuited for the regeneration of medium-to-hard tissues. For this purpose, chemical cross-linking of SAPs is an option, but it often requires a moderately toxic and expensive chemical compound and/or the presence of specific residues/reactive sites, posing issues for its feasibility and translational potential. In this work, we introduced, characterized by rheology, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Thioflavin-T assay (ThT), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) tests, and optimized (by tuning the power, temperature and treatment time) a novel fast, green and affordable methodology using mild microwave (MW) irradiation to increase the mechanical properties of diverse classes of SAPs. Low-power MWs increase stiffness, resilience, and β-structuration, while high-power MW treatments partially denature the tested SAPs. Our pure-physical methodology does not alter the SAP biomimetic properties (verified via in vitro tests of viability and differentiation of human neural stem cells), is compatible with already seeded cells, and is also synergic with genipin-based cross-linking of SAPs; therefore, it may become the next standard for SAP preparation in tissue engineering applications at hand of all research labs and in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gessica Ciulla
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Amanda Marchini
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gazzola
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan - Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Sambrotta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
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An D, Ban Q, Du H, Wang Q, Teng F, Li L, Xiao H. Nanofibrils of food-grade proteins: Formation mechanism, delivery systems, and application evaluation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4847-4871. [PMID: 36201382 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high aspect ratio, appealing mechanical characteristics, and various adjustable functional groups on the surface proteins, food-grade protein nanofibrils have attracted great research interest in the field of food science. Fibrillation, known as a process of peptide self-assembly, is recognized as a common attribute for food-grade proteins. Converting food-grade proteins into nanofibrils is a promising strategy to broaden their functionality and applications, such as improvement of the properties of gelling and emulsifying, especially for constructing various delivery systems for bioactive compounds. Protein source and processing conditions have a great impact on the size, structure, and morphology of nanofibrils, resulting in extreme differences in functionality. With this feature, it is possible to engineer nanofibrils into four different delivery systems, including gels, microcapsules, emulsions, and complexes. Construction of nanofibril-based gels via multiple cross-linking methods can endow gels with special network structures to efficiently capture bioactive compounds and extra mechanical behavior. The adsorption behavior of nanofibrils at the interface is highly complex due to the influence of several intrinsic factors, which makes it challenging to form stabilized nanofibril-based emulsion systems. Based on electrostatic interactions, microcapsules and complexes prepared using nanofibrils and polysaccharides have combined functional properties, resulting in adjustable release behavior and higher encapsulation efficiency. The bioactive compounds delivery system based on nanofibrils is a potential solution to enhance their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, improve their bioavailability, and deliver them to target organs. Although food-grade protein nanofibrils show unknown toxicity to humans, further research can contribute to broadening the application of nanofibrils in delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di An
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfeng Ban
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fei Teng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Jiao X, Chen W, Fan D. Behind the Veil: A multidisciplinary discussion on protein–microwave interactions. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Amyloid Formation in Nanoliter Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105480. [PMID: 35628295 PMCID: PMC9143811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes that monitor the nucleation of amyloids and characterize the formation of amyloid fibrils are vital to medicine and pharmacology. In this study, we observe the nucleation and formation of lysozyme amyloid fibrils using a facile microfluidic system to generate nanoliter droplets that can control the flow rate and movement of monomer-in-oil emulsion droplets in a T-junction microchannel. Using a fluorescence assay, we monitor the nucleation and growth process of amyloids based on the volume of droplets. Using the microfluidic system, we demonstrate that the lag phase, which is vital to amyloid nucleation and growth, is reduced at a lower droplet volume. Furthermore, we report a peculiar phenomenon of high amyloid formation at the edge of a bullet-shaped droplet, which is likely due to the high local monomer concentration. Moreover, we discovered that amyloid fibrils synthesized in the nanoliter droplets are shorter and thicker than fibrils synthesized from a bulk solution via the conventional heating method. Herein, a facile procedure to observe and characterize the nucleation and growth of amyloid fibrils using nanoliter droplets is presented, which is beneficial for investigating new features of amyloid fibril formation as an unconventional synthetic method for amyloid fibrils.
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Lee SW, Choi H, Lee G, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim G, Lee H, Lee W, Park J, Yoon DS. Conformation Control of Amyloid Filaments by Repeated Thermal Perturbation. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1549-1554. [PMID: 35549127 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report that repeated thermal perturbation by thermal cycling (TC) accelerates the formation rate of amyloid filaments at microliter volumes (10-200 μL) and produces a new conformation of zigzag-shaped filaments. The amyloid filaments have been synthesized under different TC conditions, such as temperature variations (ΔT = 0-86 °C) and the number of cycles (C# = 30-90). In particular, the filament formation was promoted by TC with ΔT ≥ 30 °C. This indicates that the change in binding energy of β-sheets and the breakage of disulfide bonds induced by TC with large ΔT contributed to the increased filament growth. This molecular interaction was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. We also found that TC leads to the formation of amyloid filaments with peculiar conformation (zigzag-shaped filaments). Moreover, key structural parameters (tortuosity, segment length, and joint angle) of the amyloid filaments could be fine-tuned by selecting certain ΔT conditions. Taken together, we confirmed that the TC not only promotes the formation of amyloid filaments but also affects the conformational changes of the filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyunsung Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Gyudo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Yeseong Choi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyungbeen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
- R&D Center of Curigin Ltd., Seoul 04778, Republic of Korea
| | - Geehyuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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Jiao Q, Liu Z, Li B, Tian B, Zhang N, Liu C, Feng Z, Jiang B. Development of Antioxidant and Stable Conjugated Linoleic Acid Pickering Emulsion with Protein Nanofibers by Microwave-Assisted Self-Assembly. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081892. [PMID: 34441669 PMCID: PMC8391289 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein isolate nanofibrils (WPNFs) can be used as a novel stabilizer in the Pickering emulsion system to improve the water solubility, stability and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive ingredients. In this study, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and WPNFs were used to prepare a stable Pickering emulsion. We used a transmission electron microscope, low-temperature scanning electron micrographs and other methods to evaluate the micromorphology, surface hydrophobicity and structural units of the obtained WPNFs. Compared with whey protein isolate/CLA Pickering emulsion, the WPNFs/CLA Pickering emulsion has greater ability to remove 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-amino-di(2-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6) ammonium salt free radicals. Furthermore, the WPNFs/CLA Pickering emulsion has a more stable effect in terms of droplet size and zeta potential over a wider range of ionic strength and temperature conditions. These findings indicate that Pickering emulsion stabilized by WPNFs is more suitable as a carrier of CLA, as it increases the solubility of CLA and has better active applications in biology and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.J.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.J.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Baoyun Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.J.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Bo Tian
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Ecological Environment Monitoring, Baoding 071051, China;
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.J.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.J.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (B.J.)
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.J.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (B.J.)
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Choi Y, Kim SM, Heo Y, Lee G, Kang JY, Yoon DS. Nanoelectrical characterization of individual exosomes secreted by Aβ 42-ingested cells using electrostatic force microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:025705. [PMID: 32957091 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abba58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the physical properties of individual exosomes containing amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) is crucial for a better understanding of an underpinning mechanism of Alzheimer's disease expression which is associated with the Aβ42 transfer. Because of the lack of proper tools, however, there have been very few studies on how the amount of Aβ42 affects the physical properties of exosomes. To answer the question, we investigated the physical properties of exosomes secreted by neuroblastoma by probing individual exosomes using electrostatic force microscopy. Interestingly, we observed that when the higher concentration of Aβ42 oligomers was fed to cells, the higher surface charge of the exosomes appeared. This result indicates that the exosomes contain more Aβ42 with the increase in Aβ42 concentration in cell media, implying that they serve as transport vesicles for Aβ42. Our approach could help to better understand how the neuronal exosomes are related to the propagation of neurodegenerative diseases and to seek how to make an early diagnosis of those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseong Choi
- Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R&D Team, Public CMO for Microbial-based Vaccine, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Youhee Heo
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyudo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Restriction of microwave-induced amyloid fibrillar growth by gold nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:212-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang Y, Liang S, Zhang J, Chi Y, Tian B, Li L, Jiang B, Li D, Feng Z, Liu C. Preparation of whey protein isolate nanofibrils by microwave heating and its application as carriers of lipophilic bioactive substances. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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