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Rasheed PA, Ankitha M, Pillai VK, Alwarappan S. Graphene quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16001-16023. [PMID: 38765479 PMCID: PMC11099990 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are low dimensional carbon based materials with interesting physical, chemical and biological properties that enable their applications in numerous fields. GQDs possess unique electronic structures that impart special functional attributes such as tunable optical/electrical properties in addition to heteroatom-doping and more importantly a propensity for surface functionalization for applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Herein, we review the recent advancements in the top-down and bottom-up approaches for the synthesis of GQDs. Following this, we present a detailed review of the various surface properties of GQDs and their applications in bioimaging and biosensing. GQDs have been used for fluorescence imaging for visualizing tumours and monitoring the therapeutic responses in addition to magnetic resonance imaging applications. Similarly, the photoluminescence based biosensing applications of GQDs for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, micro RNA, DNA, horse radish peroxidase, heavy metal ions, negatively charged ions, cardiac troponin, etc. are discussed in this review. Finally, we conclude the review with a discussion on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Menon Ankitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Vijayamohanan K Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Rami Reddy Nagar Mangalam Tirupati AP 517507 India
| | - Subbiah Alwarappan
- Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 Tamilnadu India
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Zarepour A, Khosravi A, Yücel Ayten N, Çakır Hatır P, Iravani S, Zarrabi A. Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: graphene quantum dots for photodynamic and photothermal therapies. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4307-4334. [PMID: 38595268 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) hold great promise for photodynamic and photothermal cancer therapies. Their unique properties, such as exceptional photoluminescence, photothermal conversion efficiency, and surface functionalization capabilities, make them attractive candidates for targeted cancer treatment. GQDs have a high photothermal conversion efficiency, meaning they can efficiently convert light energy into heat, leading to localized hyperthermia in tumors. By targeting the tumor site with laser irradiation, GQD-based nanosystems can induce selective cancer cell destruction while sparing healthy tissues. In photodynamic therapy, light-sensitive compounds known as photosensitizers are activated by light of specific wavelengths, generating reactive oxygen species that induce cancer cell death. GQD-based nanosystems can act as excellent photosensitizers due to their ability to absorb light across a broad spectrum; their nanoscale size allows for deeper tissue penetration, enhancing the therapeutic effect. The combination of photothermal and photodynamic therapies using GQDs holds immense potential in cancer treatment. By integrating GQDs into this combination therapy approach, researchers aim to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy through synergistic effects. However, biodistribution and biodegradation of GQDs within the body present a significant hurdle to overcome, as ensuring their effective delivery to the tumor site and stability during treatment is crucial for therapeutic efficacy. In addition, achieving precise targeting specificity of GQDs to cancer cells is a challenging task that requires further exploration. Moreover, improving the photothermal conversion efficiency of GQDs, controlling reactive oxygen species generation for photodynamic therapy, and evaluating their long-term biocompatibility are all areas that demand attention. Scalability and cost-effectiveness of GQD synthesis methods, as well as obtaining regulatory approval for clinical applications, are also hurdles that need to be addressed. Further exploration of GQDs in photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies holds promise for advancements in targeted drug delivery, personalized medicine approaches, and the development of innovative combination therapies. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the current trends and advancements in the application of GQDs in photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies, highlighting their potential benefits, advantages, and future perspectives as well as addressing the crucial challenges that need to be overcome for their practical application in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600 077, India
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Turkey
| | - Necla Yücel Ayten
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Pınar Çakır Hatır
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan.
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3
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Wang H, Yang S, Chen L, Li Y, He P, Wang G, Dong H, Ma P, Ding G. Tumor diagnosis using carbon-based quantum dots: Detection based on the hallmarks of cancer. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:174-222. [PMID: 38034499 PMCID: PMC10684566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (CQDs) have been shown to have promising application value in tumor diagnosis. Their use, however, is severely hindered by the complicated nature of the nanostructures in the CQDs. Furthermore, it seems impossible to formulate the mechanisms involved using the inadequate theoretical frameworks that are currently available for CQDs. In this review, we re-consider the structure-property relationships of CQDs and summarize the current state of development of CQDs-based tumor diagnosis based on biological theories that are fully developed. The advantages and deficiencies of recent research on CQDs-based tumor diagnosis are thus explained in terms of the manifestation of nine essential changes in cell physiology. This review makes significant progress in addressing related problems encountered with other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Siwei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Liangfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peng He
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
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Liu Y, Zhao M, Zhu Q. Low Cu(II) Concentration Detection Based on Fluorescent Detector Made from Citric Acid and Urea. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2391-2401. [PMID: 37074357 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQD) are an advanced fluorescent material, which has attracted more and more attention in theoretical research and practical applications. To obtain stable CQDs with high fluorescence characteristics for detecting trace metal ions in water, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) based fluorescent sensors were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, using citric acid and urea as source. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the synthesized N-CQDs maintained a narrow particle size distribution bellow 10 nm, and its average size was 3.07 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups existed on N-CQDs surface, which helped N-CQDs highly disperse in water. In addition, UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence demonstrated that the N-CQDs obtained a 10.27% of quantum yield (QY) with relatively high and stable fluorescence performance. As a fluorescent sensor, the N-CQDs showed a fluorescence "ON-OFF" mechanism during the Cu2+ detection, which was induced from the electrons transition in surface functional groups. The final N-CQDs exhibited a wide linear relationship between fluorescence response and concentration of Cu2+ in range of 0.3-0.7 μM with a detection limit of 0.071 μM. Furthermore, the detection of Cu2+ in the simulating surface water (by adding interfering metal ions in purified water) and the tap water (from municipal water in Beijing) were used to verify N-CQDs practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qiufeng Zhu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China.
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5
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Dar MS, Tabish TA, Thorat ND, Swati G, Sahu NK. Photothermal therapy using graphene quantum dots. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031502. [PMID: 37614868 PMCID: PMC10444203 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of powerful anti-oncology medicines have been possible because of advances in nanomedicine. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a type of treatment wherein nanomaterials absorb the laser energy and convert it into localized heat, thereby causing apoptosis and tumor eradication. PTT is more precise, less hazardous, and easy-to-control in comparison to other interventions such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, various nanomaterials for PTT applications have been reviewed; however, a comprehensive study of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has been scantly reported. GQDs have received huge attention in healthcare technologies owing to their various excellent properties, such as high water solubility, chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Motivated by the fascinating scientific discoveries and promising contributions of GQDs to the field of biomedicine, we present a comprehensive overview of recent progress in GQDs for PTT. This review summarizes the properties and synthesis strategies of GQDs including top-down and bottom-up approaches followed by their applications in PTT (alone and in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy). Furthermore, we also focus on the systematic study of in vitro and in vivo toxicities of GQDs triggered by PTT. Moreover, an overview of PTT along with the synergetic application used with GQDs for tumor eradication are discussed in detail. Finally, directions, possibilities, and limitations are described to encourage more research, which will lead to new treatments and better health care and bring people closer to the peak of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanveer A. Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - G. Swati
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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6
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Zarghami A, Dolatyari M, Mirtagioglu H, Rostami A. High-efficiency upconversion process in cobalt and neodymium doped graphene QDs for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10277. [PMID: 37355717 PMCID: PMC10290654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton absorbing upconversion nanoparticles are emerging as bioimaging materials but are limited by the low quantum yield of their visible fluorescence. This article contains colloids of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), Neodymium, and Cobalt doped Graphene Quantum dots (Co-GQDs and Nd-GQDs) surrounded by carboxylic acids are synthesized which especially are suitable for bio applications; in this way, carboxylic acid groups exchanged by Amoxicillin as an antibiotic with bactericidal activity. The XRD diffraction method, TEM microscope, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopies characterize the synthesized materials. The synthesized Quantum dots (QDs) exhibit upconversion properties and their emission is centered at 480 nm, but a red shift was observed with the increase of the excitation wavelength. In the emission spectra of synthesized QDs that can be related to the defect levels introduced by passivation of the QDs in the structure, the results show that with the interaction of the surface QDs with more carboxylic groups, the redshift is not observed. As the results indicate an increase in the intensity of upconversion emission is recorded for Co-GQDs and Nd-GQDs. The absolute quantum efficiency (QY) for Co-GQDs and Nd-GQDs were determined to be 41% and 100% more than GQDs respectively. DFT calculations indicate a strong bond between graphene and cobalt and Neodymium atoms. In doped materials, there are trap levels between the band gap of the GQDs which are responsible for increasing the intensity of the upconversion phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zarghami
- Photonics and Nanocrystal Research Lab. (PNRL), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166614761, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Dolatyari
- SP-EPT Lab., ASEPE Company, Industrial Park of Advanced Technologies, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamit Mirtagioglu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Literature, University of Bitlis Eren, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - Ali Rostami
- Photonics and Nanocrystal Research Lab. (PNRL), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166614761, Iran.
- SP-EPT Lab., ASEPE Company, Industrial Park of Advanced Technologies, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Ramírez R, Melillo A, Osella S, Asiri AM, Garcia H, Primo A. Green, HF-Free Synthesis of MXene Quantum Dots and their Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300063. [PMID: 36840646 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A general methodology to prepare MXene quantum dots (MxQDs) with yields over 20% by liquid-phase laser ablation of the MAX phase is reported. Mechanical and thermal shock by 532 nm laser pulses (7 ns fwhp, 50 mJ × pulse-1 , 1 Hz pulse frequency) produces MAX etching and exfoliation to form MXene QDs, avoiding the use of HF. The process can be followed by absorption and emission spectroscopy and by dynamic laser scattering and it appears to be general, being applied to Ti3 AlC2 , Ti2 AlC, Nb2 AlC, and V2 AlC MAX phases. Density functional theory calculations indicate that, depending on the surface terminal groups, the diminution of the MXene size to the nanometric scale makes it possible to control the band gap of the MXene. The photocatalytic activity of these MXene QDs for hydrogen evolution has been observed, reaching an H2 production for the most efficient Ti3 C2 QDs as high as 2.02 mmol × g-1 × h-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ramírez
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Arianna Melillo
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (mc 134-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, 46022, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Primo
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, 46022, Spain
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Lee B, Stokes GA, Valimukhametova A, Nguyen S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Bhaloo A, Coffer J, Naumov AV. Automated Approach to In Vitro Image-Guided Photothermal Therapy with Top-Down and Bottom-Up-Synthesized Graphene Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:805. [PMID: 36903683 PMCID: PMC10005083 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have been the subject of interest for photothermal therapy due to their high light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Based on recent studies, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are expected to possess advantageous photothermal properties and facilitate fluorescence image-tracking in the visible and near-infrared (NIR), while surpassing other graphene-based materials in their biocompatibility. Several GQD structures including reduced graphene quantum dots (RGQDs) derived from reduced graphene oxide via top-down oxidation and hyaluronic acid graphene quantum dots (HGQDs) hydrothermally bottom-up synthesized from molecular hyaluronic acid were employed to test these capabilities in the present work. These GQDs possess substantial NIR absorption and fluorescence throughout the visible and NIR beneficial for in vivo imaging while being biocompatible at up to 1.7 mg/mL concentrations. In aqueous suspensions, RGQDs and HGQDs irradiated with a low power (0.9 W/cm2) 808 nm NIR laser facilitate a temperature increase up to 47.0 °C, which is sufficient for cancer tumor ablation. In vitro photothermal experiments sampling multiple conditions directly in the 96-well plate were performed using an automated simultaneous irradiation/measurement system developed on the basis of a 3D printer. In this study, HGQDs and RGQDs facilitated the heating of HeLa cancer cells up to 54.5 °C, leading to the drastic inhibition of cell viability from over 80% down to 22.9%. GQD's fluorescence in the visible and NIR traces their successful internalization into HeLa cells maximized at 20 h suggesting both extracellular and intracellular photothermal treatment capabilities. The combination of the photothermal and imaging modalities tested in vitro makes the GQDs developed in this work prospective agents for cancer theragnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Gretel A. Stokes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Alina Valimukhametova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Steven Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | | | - Adam Bhaloo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Jeffery Coffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Anton V. Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
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9
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Khakbaz F, Mirzaei M, Mahani M. Lecithin sensitized thermo-sensitive niosome using NIR-carbon dots for breast cancer combined chemo-photothermal therapy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Valimukhametova AR, Zub OS, Lee BH, Fannon O, Nguyen S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Akkaraju GR, Naumov AV. Dual-Mode Fluorescence/Ultrasound Imaging with Biocompatible Metal-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4965-4975. [PMID: 36179254 PMCID: PMC11338274 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sonography offers many advantages over standard methods of diagnostic imaging due to its non-invasiveness, substantial tissue penetration depth, and low cost. The benefits of ultrasound imaging call for the development of ultrasound-trackable drug delivery vehicles that can address a variety of therapeutic targets. One disadvantage of the technique is the lack of high-precision imaging, which can be circumvented by complementing ultrasound contrast agents with visible and, especially, near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores. In this work, we, for the first time, develop a variety of lightly metal-doped (iron oxide, silver, thulium, neodymium, cerium oxide, cerium chloride, and molybdenum disulfide) nitrogen-containing graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) that demonstrate high-contrast properties in the ultrasound brightness mode and exhibit visible and/or near-infrared fluorescence imaging capabilities. NGQDs synthesized from glucosamine precursors with only a few percent metal doping do not introduce additional toxicity in vitro, yielding over 80% cell viability up to 2 mg/mL doses. Their small (<50 nm) sizes warrant effective cell internalization, while oxygen-containing surface functional groups decorating their surfaces render NGQDs water soluble and allow for the attachment of therapeutics and targeting agents. Utilizing visible and/or NIR fluorescence, we demonstrate that metal-doped NGQDs experience maximum accumulation within the HEK-293 cells 6-12 h after treatment. The successful 10-fold ultrasound signal enhancement is observed at 0.5-1.6 mg/mL for most metal-doped NGQDs in the vascular phantom, agarose gel, and animal tissue. A combination of non-invasive ultrasound imaging with capabilities of high-precision fluorescence tracking makes these metal-doped NGQDs a viable agent for a variety of theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina R Valimukhametova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Olga S Zub
- Alfa Radiology Management, Inc, Plano, Texas 75023, United States
| | - Bong Han Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Olivia Fannon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Steven Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Roberto Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Giridhar R Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Anton V Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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11
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Kang MS, Lee H, Jeong SJ, Eom TJ, Kim J, Han DW. State of the Art in Carbon Nanomaterials for Photoacoustic Imaging. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061374. [PMID: 35740396 PMCID: PMC9219987 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging using energy conversion from light to ultrasound waves has been developed as a powerful tool to investigate in vivo phenomena due to their complex characteristics. In photoacoustic imaging, endogenous chromophores such as oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, melanin, and lipid provide useful biomedical information at the molecular level. However, these intrinsic absorbers show strong absorbance only in visible or infrared optical windows and have limited light transmission, making them difficult to apply for clinical translation. Therefore, the development of novel exogenous contrast agents capable of increasing imaging depth while ensuring strong light absorption is required. We report here the application of carbon nanomaterials that exhibit unique physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties as imaging probes in photoacoustic imaging. Classified into specific structures, carbon nanomaterials are synthesized with different substances according to the imaging purposes to modulate the absorption spectra and highly enhance photoacoustic signals. In addition, functional drugs can be loaded into the carbon nanomaterials composite, and effective in vivo monitoring and photothermal therapy can be performed with cell-specific targeting. Diverse applied cases suggest the high potential of carbon nanomaterial-based photoacoustic imaging in in vivo monitoring for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Haeni Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Seung Jo Jeong
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Tae Joong Eom
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
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12
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Kansara V, Tiwari S, Patel M. Graphene quantum dots: A review on the effect of synthesis parameters and theranostic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112605. [PMID: 35688109 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative can be met with the development of materials offering high sensitivity and specificity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been investigated extensively for theranostic applications owing to their superior photostability and high aqueous dispersibility. These are attractive for a range of biomedical applications as their physicochemical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely. However, many aspects of these properties remain to be explored. In the present review, we have discussed the effect of synthetic parameters upon their physicochemical characteristics relevant to bioimaging. We have highlighted the effect of particle properties upon sensing of biological molecules through 'turn-on' and 'turn-off' fluorescence and generation of electrochemical signals. After describing the effect of surface chemistry and solution pH on optical properties, an inclusive view on application of GQDs in drug delivery and radiation therapy has been given. Finally, a brief overview on their application in gene therapy has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushti Kansara
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mitali Patel
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India.
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Wu T, Wang X, Chen M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Cheng J, Kong L, Tang M. Respiratory exposure to graphene quantum dots causes fibrotic effects on lung, liver and kidney of mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112971. [PMID: 35358666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as a novel graphene-based nanoparticle, presented a bright prospect in fields of biomedicine due to their excellent optical property. However, the biosafety assessment of GQDs is far behind their rapid development, which could restrict their wilder applications. This study focused on the potential adverse effects of two kinds of promising GQDs, i.e. nitrogen-doping graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) and amino-modified graphene quantum dot (A-GQDs) on primary target organs of GNMs, including lung, liver and kidney. The intranasal instillation used here was to imitate the respiratory exposure of GQDs that is a commonly exposure route of GQDs in the environment. Although no severe damages associated with general health occurred in mice treated with GQDs, the fibrosis evidenced by statistically significant increases in the area of collagen I and TGF-ß1 and p-Smad3 expressions were observed in the lung, liver and kidney tissues. Interestingly, the fibrotic effect induced by GQDs could be effectively alleviated by a ferroptosis-specific inhibitor, which demonstrated a close relationship of fibrosis and ferroptosis. This study not only provides new insights on the toxicity mechanisms of GQDs, but also offers some efficient ways to control toxicity of GQDs, like dosage threshold and small molecular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
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Wu T, Wang X, Cheng J, Liang X, Li Y, Chen M, Kong L, Tang M. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots induce ferroptosis through disrupting calcium homeostasis in microglia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35331277 PMCID: PMC8944010 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Along with the wild applications of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) in the fields of biomedicine and neuroscience, their increasing exposure to the public and potential biosafety problem has gained more and more attention. Unfortunately, the understanding of adverse effects of N-GQDs in the central nervous system (CNS), considered as an important target of nanomaterials, is still limited. Results After we found that N-GQDs caused cell death, neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the hippocampus of mice through the ferroptosis pathway, microglia was used to assess the molecular mechanisms of N-GQDs inducing ferroptosis because it could be the primary target damaged by N-GQDs in the CNS. The microarray data suggested the participation of calcium signaling pathway in the ferroptosis induced by N-GQDs. In microglial BV2 cells, when the calcium content above the homeostatic level caused by N-GQDs was reversed, the number of cell death, ferroptosis alternations and excessive inflammatory cytokines release were all alleviated. Two calcium channels of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) in plasma membrane and ryanodine receptor (RyR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) took part in N-GQDs inducing cytosolic calcium overload. L-VGCCs and RyR calcium channels were also involved in promoting the excess iron influx and triggering ER stress response, respectively, which both exert excessive ROS generation and result in the ferroptosis and inflammation in BV2 cells. Conclusion N-GQDs exposure caused ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in hippocampus of mice and cultured microglia through activating two calcium channels to disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis. The findings not only posted an alert for biomedical applications of N-GQDs, but also highlighted an insight into mechanism researches of GQDs inducing multiple types of cell death in brain tumor therapy in the future. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00464-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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15
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ATİLA DİNÇER C, GETİREN B, GÖKALP C, ÇIPLAK Z, KARAKEÇİLİ A, YILDIZ N. An anticancer drug loading and release study to ternary GO-Fe3O4-PPy and Fe3O4 @PPy-NGQDs nanocomposites for photothermal chemotherapy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xu H, Wang X, Zhang X, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chen M, Wu T. A Deep Learning Analysis Reveals Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Damage Neurons of Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3314. [PMID: 34947663 PMCID: PMC8703693 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Along with the rapidly increasing applications of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) in the field of biomedicine, the exposure of N-GQDs undoubtedly pose a risk to the health of human beings, especially in the nervous system. In view of the lack of data from in vivo studies, this study used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which has become a valuable animal model in nanotoxicological studies due to its multiple advantages, to undertake a bio-safety assessment of N-GQDs in the nervous system with the assistance of a deep learning model. The findings suggested that accumulated N-GQDs in the nematodes' bodies damaged their normal behavior in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the impairments of the nervous system were obviously severe when the exposure dosages were above 100 μg/mL. When assessing the morphological changes of neurons caused by N-GQDs, a quantitative image-based analysis based on a deep neural network algorithm (YOLACT) was used because traditional image-based analysis is labor-intensive and limited to qualitative evaluation. The quantitative results indicated that N-GQDs damaged dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons, which are involved in the neurotoxic effects of N-GQDs in the nematode C. elegans. This study not only suggests a fast and economic C. elegans model to undertake the risk assessment of nanomaterials in the nervous system, but also provides a valuable deep learning approach to quantitatively track subtle morphological changes of neurons at an unbiased level in a nanotoxicological study using C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xu
- College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Jin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.C.)
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17
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Rashidi E, Esfandiari N, Ranjbar Z, Alvandi N, Fatahi Z. Designing of a pH-activatable carbon dots as a luminescent nanoprobe for recognizing folate receptor-positive cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:075103. [PMID: 34757959 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, cancer has been recognized as a well-known disorder all over the world. One of the important factors to tackle this problem better than past decades is early diagnosis that takes into practice by state-of-the-art visual equipment for detection cancer cells. Herein, in this research, we synthesized carbon dots with pH-dependent behavior from a green source by hydrothermal method with high quantum yield and blue fluorescence. Folic acid-conjugated carbon dots by an efficient and optimal conjugation method were set upped which determined cancer cells visually. These synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles entered into the cancer cells more comprehensive than normal cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and could distinguish cancer cells from normal ones by fluorescence imaging. Ultimately, synthesized nanoparticles in this research can be considered as an efficient fluorescent nanoprobe for cancer pre-diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rashidi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ranjbar
- Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), Department of Surface Coatings and Novel Technologies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Alvandi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fatahi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Shan F, Xia H, Xie X, Fu L, Yang H, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yu X. Novel N-doped carbon dots prepared via citric acid and benzoylurea by green synthesis for high selectivity Fe(III) sensing and imaging in living cells. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Tao J, Feng S, Liu B, Pan J, Li C, Zheng Y. Hyaluronic acid conjugated nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for identification of human breast cancer cells. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34157704 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0d93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate distinguish of cancer cells through fluorescence plays an important role in cancer diagnosis. Here we synthesized a blue fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) from citric acid and diethylamine via one-step hydrothermal synthesis method which was simple and quick to avoid by-products, and highlighted the binding sites to achieve precise combination. Due to the nitrogen element doping, amide II bond was amply obtained and abundant binding sites were provided for hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugation. N-GQDs solution with different pH value was then conjugated to HA via an amide bond for the recognition of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells), and the formation of amide bond was more favorable under alkaline conditions. HA conjugated N-GQDs (HA-N-GQDs) were combined with CD44 which was over expressed on the surface of MCF-7 cells, resulting in MCF-7 cells performing stronger fluorescence. HA-N-GQDs showed high fluorescence, low toxicity, and good cytocompatibility, which held it play a role in fluorescence imaging for accurate identification of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Tao
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Feng
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaorong Li
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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20
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Photoluminescence, photothermal and magnetic properties of nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots based ternary nanocomposite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Zhao C, Song X, Liu Y, Fu Y, Ye L, Wang N, Wang F, Li L, Mohammadniaei M, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Liu J. Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:142. [PMID: 33008457 PMCID: PMC7532648 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their applications in drug delivery. To give a brief understanding about the preparation of GQDs, recent advances in methods of GQDs synthesis are first presented. Afterwards, various drug delivery-release modes of GQDs-based drug delivery systems such as EPR-pH delivery-release mode, ligand-pH delivery-release mode, EPR-Photothermal delivery-Release mode, and Core/Shell-photothermal/magnetic thermal delivery-release mode are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and the prospective application of GQDs in drug delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Xuebin Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yifeng Fu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lilei Ye
- SHT Smart High-Tech AB, 411 33, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nan Wang
- SHT Smart High-Tech AB, 411 33, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Johan Liu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Automation and Mechanical Engineering, SMIT Center, Shanghai University, No 20, Chengzhong Road, Box 808, ShanghaiShanghai, 201800, China.
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Park Y, Kim Y, Chang H, Won S, Kim H, Kwon W. Biocompatible nitrogen-doped carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, and application. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8935-8951. [PMID: 32901641 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising materials for biomedical applications owing to their unique properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The current studies on CDs are focused on improving their functionality by modulating their electronic structure, which helps in controlling their chemical, optical, and electrical properties. Doping with heteroatoms is a typical approach for modulating the electronic structure of CDs. In particular, there has been considerable progress in nitrogen-doped CDs for improving their potential for various biomedical applications, including optical imaging, drug delivery, and light-mediated imaging/therapeutic applications such as photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. In this review, the important features of nitrogen-doped CDs are discussed along with the recent studies on these materials and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsang Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Heemin Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Sungyeon Won
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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Kadian S, Manik G, Das N, Roy P. Targeted bioimaging and sensing of folate receptor-positive cancer cells using folic acid-conjugated sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:458. [PMID: 32683509 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the first time is reported a facile in situ synthesis of folic acid-conjugated sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots (FA-SGQDs) through simple pyrolysis of citric acid (CA), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), and FA. The as-prepared FA-SGQDs were extensively characterized to confirm the synthesis and incidence of FA molecule on the surface of SGQDs through advanced characterization techniques. Upon excitation at 370-nm wavelength, FA-SGQDs exhibited blue fluorescence with an emission band at 455 nm. While exhibiting relatively high quantum yield (~ 78%), favorable biocompatibility, excellent photostability, and desirable optical properties, the FA-SGQDs showed suitability as a fluorescent nanoprobe to distinguish the folate receptor (FR)-positive and FR-negative cancer cells. The experimental studies revealed that FA-SGQDs aptly entered into FR-positive cancer cells via a non-immunogenic FR-mediated endocytosis process. Additionally, the FA-SGQDs exhibited excellent free radical scavenging activity. Hence, these FA-SGQDs hold high promise to serve as efficient fluorescent nanoprobes for the pre-diagnosis of cancer through targeted bioimaging and other pertinent biological studies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kadian
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Neeladrisingha Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Wu T, Liang X, Liu X, Li Y, Wang Y, Kong L, Tang M. Induction of ferroptosis in response to graphene quantum dots through mitochondrial oxidative stress in microglia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 32652997 PMCID: PMC7353734 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) provide a bright prospect in the biomedical application because they contain low-toxic compounds and promise imaging of deep tissues and tiny vascular structures. However, the biosafety of this novel QDs has not been thoroughly evaluated, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The microarray analysis provides a hint that nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) exposure could cause ferroptosis in microglia, which is a novel form of cell death dependent on iron overload and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS The cytosolic iron overload, glutathione (GSH) depletion, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were observed in microglial BV2 cells treated with N-GQDs, which indicated that N-GQDs could damage the iron metabolism and redox balance in microglia. The pre-treatments of a specific ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and an iron chelater Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) not only inhibited cell death, but also alleviated iron overload, LPO and alternations in ferroptosis biomarkers in microglia, which were caused by N-GQDs. When assessing the potential mechanisms of N-GQDs causing ferroptosis in microglia, we found that the iron content, ROS generation and LPO level in mitochondria of BV2 cells all enhanced after N-GQDs exposure. When the antioxidant ability of mitochondria was increased by the pre-treatment of a mitochondria targeted ROS scavenger MitoTEMPO, the ferroptotic biological changes were effectively reversed in BV2 cells treated with N-GQDs, which indicated that the N-GQDs-induced ferroptosis in microglia could be attributed to the mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, amino functionalized GQDs (A-GQDs) elicited milder redox imbalance in mitochondria and resulted in less ferroptotic effects than N-GQDs in microglia, which suggested a slight protection of amino group functionalization in GQDs causing ferroptosis. CONCLUSION N-GQDs exposure caused ferroptosis in microglia via inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the ferroptotic effects induced by A-GQDs were milder than N-GQDs when the exposure method is same. This study will not only provide new insights in the GQDs-induced cell damage performed in multiple types of cell death, but also in the influence of chemical modification on the toxicity of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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Younis MR, He G, Lin J, Huang P. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32582629 PMCID: PMC7283876 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial of the carbon family, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) showed promising biomedical applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photo stability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility, etc., thus capturing a considerable attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances made in the research field of GQDs and place special emphasis on their bioimaging applications. We briefly introduce the synthesis strategies of GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. The bioimaging applications of GQDs are also discussed in detail, including optical [fluorescence (FL)], two-photon FL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-modal imaging. In the end, the challenges and future prospects to advance the clinical bioimaging applications of GQDs have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Zhu H, Ni N, Govindarajan S, Ding X, Leong DT. Phototherapy with layered materials derived quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:43-57. [PMID: 31799539 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) originating from two-dimensional (2D) sheets of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), monoatomic buckled crystals (phosphorene), germanene, silicene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are emerging zero-dimensional materials. These QDs possess diverse optical properties, are chemically stable, have surprisingly excellent biocompatibility and are relatively amenable to surface modifications. It is therefore not difficult to see that these QDs have potential in a variety of bioapplications, including biosensing, bioimaging and anticancer and antimicrobial therapy. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress of these exciting QD based nanoagents and strategies for phototherapy. In addition, we will discuss about the current limitations, challenges and future prospects of QDs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore. and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Nengyi Ni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Suresh Govindarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Xianguang Ding
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore. and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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Liu H, Li C, Qian Y, Hu L, Fang J, Tong W, Nie R, Chen Q, Wang H. Magnetic-induced graphene quantum dots for imaging-guided photothermal therapy in the second near-infrared window. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119700. [PMID: 31881379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considered emerging nanomaterials for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer due to their good biocompatibility and rapid excretion. However, the optical absorbance of GQDs in shorter wavelengths (<1000 nm) limits their overall therapeutic efficacies as photothermal agent in the second near infrared window (1000-1700 nm, NIR-II). Herein, we report a type of GQDs with strong absorption (1070 nm) in NIR-II region that was synthesized via a one-step solvothermal treatment using phenol as single precursor by tuning the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide under a high magnetic field with an intensity of 9T. The obtained 9T-GQDs demonstrate uniform size distribution (3.6 nm), and tunable fluorescence (quantum yield, 16.67%) and high photothermal conversion efficacy (33.45%). In vitro and in vivo results indicate that 9T-GQDs could efficiently ablate tumor cells and inhibit the tumor growth under NIR-II irradiation. Moreover, the 9T-GQDs exhibited enhanced NIR imaging of tumor in living mice, suggesting the great probability of using 9T-GQDs for in vivo NIR imaging-guided PTT in the NIR-II window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Liu
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qian
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lin Hu
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jun Fang
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wei Tong
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Rongrong Nie
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, JS, 210008, PR China.
| | - Qianwang Chen
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China.
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Lu H, Li W, Dong H, Wei M. Graphene Quantum Dots for Optical Bioimaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902136. [PMID: 31304647 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great potential in bioimaging applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, feasibility for surface functionalization, physiological stability, and tunable fluorescence properties. This Review first introduces the intriguing optical properties of GQDs that are suitable for biological imaging, and is followed by the GQDs' synthetic strategies. The emergent and latest development methods for tuning GQDs' optical properties are further described in detail. The recent advanced applications of GQDs in vitro, particularly in cell imaging, targeted imaging, and theranostic nanoplatform fabrication, are included. The applications of GQDs for in vivo bioimaging are also covered. Finally, the Review is concluded with the challenges and prospectives that face this nascent yet exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, T6G, 2G2, Canada
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Yan Y, Gong J, Chen J, Zeng Z, Huang W, Pu K, Liu J, Chen P. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots: From Chemistry and Physics to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808283. [PMID: 30828898 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) that are flat 0D nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest because of their exceptional chemicophysical properties and novel applications in energy conversion and storage, electro/photo/chemical catalysis, flexible devices, sensing, display, imaging, and theranostics. The significant advances in the recent years are summarized with comparative and balanced discussion. The differences between GQDs and other nanomaterials, including their nanocarbon cousins, are emphasized, and the unique advantages of GQDs for specific applications are highlighted. The current challenges and outlook of this growing field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yan
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jun Gong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
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Gargiulo S, Albanese S, Mancini M. State-of-the-Art Preclinical Photoacoustic Imaging in Oncology: Recent Advances in Cancer Theranostics. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:5080267. [PMID: 31182936 PMCID: PMC6515147 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5080267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The optical imaging plays an increasing role in preclinical studies, particularly in cancer biology. The combined ultrasound and optical imaging, named photoacoustic imaging (PAI), is an emerging hybrid technique for real-time molecular imaging in preclinical research and recently expanding into clinical setting. PAI can be performed using endogenous contrast, particularly from oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and melanin, or exogenous contrast agents, sometimes targeted for specific biomarkers, providing comprehensive morphofunctional and molecular information on tumor microenvironment. Overall, PAI has revealed notable opportunities to improve knowledge on tumor pathophysiology and on the biological mechanisms underlying therapy. The aim of this review is to introduce the principles of PAI and to provide a brief overview of current PAI applications in preclinical research, highlighting also on recent advances in clinical translation for cancer diagnosis, staging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gargiulo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of National Council of Research, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Sandra Albanese
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of National Council of Research, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of National Council of Research, Naples 80145, Italy
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