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Subramaniam JD, Hattori Y, Asanoma F, Nishino T, Yasuhara K, Martin CJ, Rapenne G. Synthesis of Ce(IV) Heteroleptic Double-Decker Complex with a New Helical Naphthalocyanine as a Potential Gearing Subunit. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402470. [PMID: 39073203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a cerium(IV)-based molecular gear composed of a thioether functionalized phthalocyanine anchoring ligand, and a helical naphthalocyanine rotating cogwheel functionalized with four carbazoles. The naphthalocyanine ligand 9 was obtained after eleven steps (overall yield of 0.2 %) as a mixture of three geometrical isomers, two of which are chiral and exhibit high levels of steric hindrance, as shown by DFT calculations. Their attributions have been made using 1H-NMR based on their different symmetry groups. The ratio of isomers was also determined and the prochiral C4h naphthalocyanine shown to be the major compound (55 %). Its heteroleptic complexation with cerium (IV) and the anchoring phthalocyanine ligand 10 gave the targeted molecular gear in a 16 % yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevithra Dewi Subramaniam
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yohei Hattori
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fumio Asanoma
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Colin J Martin
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
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2
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Gisbert Y, Abid S, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Divergent Synthesis of Molecular Winch Prototypes. Chemistry 2021; 27:16242-16249. [PMID: 34492156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of conceptually new prototypes of molecular winches with the ultimate aim to investigate the work performed by a single ruthenium-based molecular motor anchored on a surface by probing its ability to pull a load upon electrically-driven directional rotation. According to a technomimetic design, the motor was embedded in a winch structure, with a long flexible polyethylene glycol chain terminated by an azide hook to connect a variety of molecular loads. The structure of the motor was first derivatized by means of two sequential cross-coupling reactions involving a penta(4-halogenophenyl)cyclopentadienyl hydrotris(indazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) precursor and the resulting benzylamine derivative was next exploited as key intermediate in the divergent synthesis of a family of nanowinch prototypes. A one-pot method involving sequential peptide coupling and Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was developed to yield four loaded nanowinches, with load fragments encompassing triptycene, fullerene and porphyrin moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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3
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Nishino T, Martin CJ, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G. Nanocars based on Polyaromatic or Porphyrinic Chassis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Colin J. Martin
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
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4
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Gisbert Y, Abid S, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Molecular Gears: From Solution to Surfaces. Chemistry 2021; 27:12019-12031. [PMID: 34131971 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the major efforts devoted to the development of molecular gears over the past 40 years, from pioneering covalent bis-triptycyl systems undergoing intramolecular correlated rotation in solution, to the most recent examples of gearing systems anchored on a surface, which allow intermolecular transmission of mechanical power. Emphasis is laid on the different strategies devised progressively to control the architectures of molecular bevel and spur gears, as intramolecular systems in solution or intermolecular systems on surfaces, while aiming at increased efficiency, complexity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Nara, Japan
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Abid S, Gisbert Y, Kojima M, Saffon-Merceron N, Cuny J, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Desymmetrised pentaporphyrinic gears mounted on metallo-organic anchors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4709-4721. [PMID: 34163729 PMCID: PMC8179540 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastering intermolecular gearing is crucial for the emergence of complex functional nanoscale machineries. However, achieving correlated motion within trains of molecular gears remains highly challenging, due to the multiple degrees of freedom of each cogwheel. In this context, we designed and synthesised a series of star-shaped organometallic molecular gears incorporating a hydrotris(indazolyl)borate anchor to prevent diffusion on the surface, a central ruthenium atom as a fixed rotation axis, and an azimuthal pentaporphyrinic cyclopentadienyl cogwheel specifically labelled to monitor its motion by non-time-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). Desymmetrisation of the cogwheels was first achieved sterically, i.e. by introducing one tooth longer than the other four. For optimal mechanical interactions, chemical labelling was also investigated as a preferential way to induce local contrast in STM images, and the electronic properties of one single paddle were modulated by varying the porphyrinic scaffold or the nature of the central metal. To reach such a structural diversity, our modular synthetic approach relied on sequential cross-coupling reactions on a penta(p-halogenophenyl)cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(ii) key building block, bearing a single pre-activated p-iodophenyl group. Chemoselective Sonogashira or more challenging Suzuki-Miyaura reactions allowed the controlled introduction of the tagged porphyrinic tooth, and the subsequent four-fold cross-couplings yielded the prototypes of pentaporphyrinic molecular gears for on-surface studies, incorporating desymmetrised cogwheels over 5 nm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifallah Abid
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Mitsuru Kojima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT FR 2599, 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- LCPQ, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 118 Route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29 Rue Marvig F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
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Nishino T, Martin CJ, Takeuchi H, Lim F, Yasuhara K, Gisbert Y, Abid S, Saffon-Merceron N, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Dipolar Nanocars Based on a Porphyrin Backbone. Chemistry 2020; 26:12010-12018. [PMID: 32530071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new family of nanocars is reported. To control their motion, we integrated a dipole which can be tuned thanks to strategic donor and acceptor substituents at the 5- and 15-positions of the porphyrin backbone. The two other meso positions are substituted with ethynyltriptycene moieties which are known to act as wheels. Full characterization of nine nanocars is presented as well as the electrochemistry of these push-pull molecules. DFT calculations allowed us to evaluate the magnitude of the dipoles and to understand the electrochemical behavior and how it is affected by the electron donating and accepting groups present. An X-ray crystal structure of one nanocar has also been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Colin J Martin
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Florence Lim
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- UPS, Université de Toulouse, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, FR 2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
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7
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Abstract
Two molecule-gears, 1.2 nm in diameter with six teeth, are mounted each on a single copper adatom separated exactly by 1.9 nm on a lead surface using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM). A functioning train of two molecule-gears is constructed complete with a molecule-handle. Not mounted on a Cu adatom axle, this ancillary molecule-gear is mechanically engaged with the first molecule-gear of the train to stabilize its step-by-step rotation. Centered on its Cu adatom axle, the rotation of the first gear of the train step by step rotates the second similar to a train of macroscopic gears. From the handle to the first and to this second molecule-gear, the exact positioning of the two Cu adatom axles on the lead surface ensures that the molecular teeth-to-teeth mechanics is fully reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- We-Hyo Soe
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Études Structurales (CEMES) , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse , 29 Rue J. Marvig, BP 4347 , 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Material Sciences (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Études Structurales (CEMES) , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse , 29 Rue J. Marvig, BP 4347 , 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christian Joachim
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Études Structurales (CEMES) , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse , 29 Rue J. Marvig, BP 4347 , 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Material Sciences (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
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8
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Toyota S, Kawahata K, Sugahara K, Oki T, Iwanaga T. Quadruple and Sextuple Triptycene Gears in Macrocyclic Frameworks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Kenta Kawahata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceOkayama University of Science 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Kota Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceOkayama University of Science 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Oki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceOkayama University of Science 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iwanaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceOkayama University of Science 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
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9
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Li SY, Yang XQ, Chen T, Wang D, Wang SF, Wan LJ. Tri-Stable Structural Switching in 2D Molecular Assembly at the Liquid/Solid Interface Triggered by External Electric Field. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6751-6759. [PMID: 31188581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tri-stable structural switching between different polymorphisms is presented in the 2D molecular assembly of a 5-(benzyloxy)isophthalic acid derivative (BIC-C12) at the liquid/solid interface. The assembled structure of BIC-C12 is sensitive to the applied voltage between the STM tip and the sample surface. A compact lamellar structure is exclusively observed at positive sample bias, while a porous honeycomb structure or a quadrangular structure is preferred at negative sample bias. Selective switching between the lamellar structure and the honeycomb structure or the quadrangular structure is realized by controlling the polarity and magnitude of the sample bias. The transition between the honeycomb structure and the quadrangular structure is, however, absent in the assembly. This tri-stable structural switching is closely related to the molecular concentration in the liquid phase. This result provides insights into the effect of external electric field on molecular assembly and benefits the design and construction of switchable molecular architectures on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Hubei University , Wuhan 400062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Fu Wang
- Hubei University , Wuhan 400062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
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Kammerer C, Erbland G, Gisbert Y, Nishino T, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G. Biomimetic and Technomimetic Single Molecular Machines. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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