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Gong J, Zhou J, Liu J, Hu S, Wang J, Sun H. Mask-Moving-Lithography-Based High-Precision Surface Fabrication Method for Microlens Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:289. [PMID: 38399017 PMCID: PMC10892535 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Microlens arrays, as typical micro-optical elements, effectively enhance the integration and performance of optical systems. The surface shape errors and surface roughness of microlens arrays are the main indicators of their optical characteristics and determine their optical performance. In this study, a mask-moving-projection-lithography-based high-precision surface fabrication method for microlens arrays is proposed, which effectively reduces the surface shape errors and surface roughness of microlens arrays. The pre-exposure technology is used to reduce the development threshold of the photoresist, thus eliminating the impact of the exposure threshold on the surface shape of the microlens. After development, the inverted air bath reflux method is used to bring the microlens array surface to a molten state, effectively eliminating surface protrusions. Experimental results show that the microlens arrays fabricated using this method had a root mean square error of less than 2.8%, and their surface roughness could reach the nanometer level, which effectively improves the fabrication precision for microlens arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Gong
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junbo Liu
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Hu
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Geka G, Kanioura A, Kochylas I, Likodimos V, Gardelis S, Dimitriou A, Papanikolaou N, Chatzantonaki K, Charvalos E, Economou A, Kakabakos S, Petrou P. Cancer Marker Immunosensing through Surface-Enhanced Photoluminescence on Nanostructured Silver Substrates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3099. [PMID: 38132997 PMCID: PMC10745687 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured noble metal surfaces enhance the photoluminescence emitted by fluorescent molecules, permitting the development of highly sensitive fluorescence immunoassays. To this end, surfaces with silicon nanowires decorated with silver nanoparticles in the form of dendrites or aggregates were evaluated as substrates for the immunochemical detection of two ovarian cancer indicators, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). The substrates were prepared by metal-enhanced chemical etching of silicon wafers to create, in one step, silicon nanowires and silver nanoparticles on top of them. For both analytes, non-competitive immunoassays were developed using pairs of highly specific monoclonal antibodies, one for analyte capture on the substrate and the other for detection. In order to facilitate the identification of the immunocomplexes through a reaction with streptavidin labeled with Rhodamine Red-X, the detection antibodies were biotinylated. An in-house-developed optical set-up was used for photoluminescence signal measurements after assay completion. The detection limits achieved were 2.5 U/mL and 3.12 pM for CA125 and HE4, respectively, with linear dynamic ranges extending up to 500 U/mL for CA125 and up to 500 pM for HE4, covering the concentration ranges of both healthy and ovarian cancer patients. Thus, the proposed method could be implemented for the early diagnosis and/or prognosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Geka
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Kanioura
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Ioannis Kochylas
- Section of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (V.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Vlassis Likodimos
- Section of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (V.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Spiros Gardelis
- Section of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (V.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Anastasios Dimitriou
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Papanikolaou
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Kalliopi Chatzantonaki
- Molecular Diagnosis Department, INVITROLABS S.A., 12251 Peristeri, Greece; (K.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Ekaterina Charvalos
- Molecular Diagnosis Department, INVITROLABS S.A., 12251 Peristeri, Greece; (K.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (G.G.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
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Kumar N, Chamoli P, Misra M, Manoj MK, Sharma A. Advanced metal and carbon nanostructures for medical, drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3987-4017. [PMID: 35244647 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer great promise for biomedical, environmental, and clinical applications due to their several unique properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review article, we overview various types of metal NPs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in monolithic form as well as embedded into polymer matrices for specific drug delivery and bio-imaging fields. The second part of this review covers important carbon nanostructures that have gained tremendous attention recently in such medical applications due to their ease of fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability at both cellular and molecular levels for phototherapy, radio-therapeutics, gene-delivery, and biotherapeutics. Furthermore, various applications and challenges involved in the use of NPs as biomaterials are also discussed following the future perspectives of the use of NPs in biomedicine. This review aims to contribute to the applications of different NPs in medicine and healthcare that may open up new avenues to encourage wider research opportunities across various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, SOE, O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh 496109, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mrinmoy Misra
- Department of Mechatronics, School of Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007 Rajasthan, India
| | - M K Manoj
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-16499, South Korea.
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Low SS, Yew M, Lim CN, Chai WS, Low LE, Manickam S, Tey BT, Show PL. Sonoproduction of nanobiomaterials - A critical review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105887. [PMID: 34954629 PMCID: PMC8799622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) demonstrates remarkable potential in synthesising nanomaterials, particularly nanobiomaterials targeted towards biomedical applications. This review briefly introduces existing top-down and bottom-up approaches for nanomaterials synthesis and their corresponding synthesis mechanisms, followed by the expounding of US-driven nanomaterials synthesis. Subsequently, the pros and cons of sono-nanotechnology and its advances in the synthesis of nanobiomaterials are drawn based on recent works. US-synthesised nanobiomaterials have improved properties and performance over conventional synthesis methods and most essentially eliminate the need for harsh and expensive chemicals. The sonoproduction of different classes and types of nanobiomaterials such as metal and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs), lipid- and carbohydrate-based NPs, protein microspheres, microgels and other nanocomposites are broadly categorised based on the physical and/or chemical effects induced by US. This review ends on a good note and recognises US-driven synthesis as a pragmatic solution to satisfy the growing demand for nanobiomaterials, nonetheless some technical challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Shin Low
- Research Centre of Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maxine Yew
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Nong Lim
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia
| | - Wai Siong Chai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Ee Low
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Morsin M, Nafisah S, Sanudin R, Razali NL, Mahmud F, Soon CF. The role of positively charge poly-L-lysine in the formation of high yield gold nanoplates on the surface for plasmonic sensing application. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259730. [PMID: 34748606 PMCID: PMC8575294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An anisotropic structure, gold (Au) nanoplates was synthesized using a two-step wet chemical seed mediated growth method (SMGM) directly on the substrate surface. Prior to the synthesis process, poly-l-lysine (PLL) as a cation polymer was used to enhance the yield of grown Au nanoplates. The electrostatic interaction of positive charged by PLL with negative charges from citrate-capped gold nanoseeds contributes to the yield increment. The percentage of PLL was varied from 0% to 10% to study the morphology of Au nanoplates in term of shape, size and surface density. 5% PLL with single layer treatment produce a variety of plate shapes such as hexagonal, flat rod and triangular obtained over the whole substrate surface with the estimated maximum yield up to ca. 48%. The high yield of Au nanoplates exhibit dual plasmonic peaks response that are associated with transverse and longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (TSPR and LSPR). Then, the PLL treatment process was repeated twice resulting the increment of Au nanoplates products to ca. 60%. The thin film Au nanoplates was further used as sensing materials in plasmonic sensor for detection of boric acid. The anisotropic Au nanoplates have four sensing parameters being monitored when the medium changes, which are peak position (wavelength shift), intensity of TSPR and LSPR, and the changes on sensing responses. The sensor responses are based on the interaction of light with dielectric properties from surrounding medium. The resonance effect produces by a collection of electron vibration on the Au nanoparticles surface after hit by light are captured as the responses. As a conclusion, it was found that the PLL treatment is capable to promote high yield of Au nanoplates. Moreover, the high yield of the Au nanoplates is an indication as excellent candidate for sensing material in plasmonic sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlia Morsin
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering (IIE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (FKEE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Suratun Nafisah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Sanudin
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering (IIE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (FKEE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Razali
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering (IIE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (FKEE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farhanahani Mahmud
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering (IIE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (FKEE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fhong Soon
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering (IIE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (FKEE), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
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Recent Trends in Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Chemical Sensing and Micro-Electronic Packaging Applications. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal NPs are highly attractive candidates because of their unique combination of physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties. A lot of developments in this area are still fascinating the materials research community, and are broadly categorized in various sectors such as chemical sensors, biosensors, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and microelectronic applications. The related function and properties of the noble metals in these areas can be further tailored by tuning their chemical, optical, and electronic properties that are influenced by their size, shape, and distribution. The most widely used Au and Ag NPs in dispersed phase below 100 nm exhibit strong color change in the visible range which alters upon aggregation of the NPs. The chemical sensing of the analyte is influenced by these NPs aggregates. In this article, we have summarized the uniqueness of noble metal NPs, their synthesis methods, nucleation and growth process, and their important applications in chemical sensing, microelectronic packaging, and Förster resonance energy transfer.
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Marques-Hueso J, Jones TD, Watson DE, Ryspayeva A, Esfahani MN, Shuttleworth MP, Harris RA, Kay RW, Desmulliez MP. Spinach-based photo-catalyst for selective plating on polyimide-based substrates for micro-patterning circuitry. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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