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Kumar N, Alam KM, Vrushabendrakumar D, Shetty A, Garcia J, Chaulagain N, Shankar K. CO 2 Photoreduction Activity Enhancement and Unexpected Observation of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbates on the Surface of TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays Synthesized in Formamide Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38038676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanotube arrays grown through electrochemical anodization in a formamide-based electrolyte (TNTA-FA) exhibited a whole host of unusual properties compared to nanotubes grown in the conventional ethylene glycol-based electrolyte (TNTA-EG). TNTA-FA exhibited shorter phonon lifetimes, lower lattice strain, more visible light absorption, lower work function, and a highly unusual adsorbate structure consisting of physisorbed and chemisorbed CO along with linearly adsorbed CO2 and various monodentate and bidentate carbonate species. The observation of adsorbed CO in the dark is highly unusual and indicates spontaneous deoxygenation of CO2 on the surface of TNTA-FA. The significance of this finding is that the formation of CO2•- is no longer the rate-limiting bottleneck for the reduction of CO2 on TNTA-FA surfaces as it is for all TiO2 surfaces. TNTA-FA samples are strongly colored (inclusive of a fluorescent green color) and consist of rounded, vertically oriented hollow cylinders as opposed to the honeycomb-like morphology of TNTA-EG arranged in an approximate triangular lattice. The photocatalytic activity was tested through the CO2 photoreduction and dye degradation tests. Formamide-based nanotubes outperformed the EG-based nanotubes by almost 1.7 and 2 times, respectively, in CO2 reduction and dye degradation tests done on methylene blue, brilliant green, and rhodamine B dyes. These results are attributed to stronger surface band bending in TNTA-FA which facilitates more efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Damini Vrushabendrakumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Atharva Shetty
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - John Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Dual Use of Copper-Modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as Material for Photocatalytic NH3 Degradation and Relative Humidity Sensing. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we emphasized the dual application of Cu-modified vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays as photocatalyst and a relative humidity sensor. The TiO2 nanotube arrays were obtained by anodization of the titanium layer prepared using radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) and modified with different copper concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 M) by a wet-impregnation method. The sample modified with 2 M Cu(NO3)2 solution showed the highest efficiency for the NH3 photocatalytic degradation and the most pronounced humidity response in comparison to the other studied samples. In order to investigate the structure and impact of Cu modification, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used. The photocatalytic activity and the kinetic study of ammonia oxidation were studied in a mini-photocatalytic wind tunnel reactor (MWPT), while relative humidity sensing was examined by impedance spectroscopy (IS). Higher NH3 oxidation was a direct consequence of the increased generation of •OH radicals obtained by a more efficient photogenerated charge separation, which is correlated with the increase in the DC conductivity.
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Sharma S, Sidhartha PN, Chappanda KN. Influence of laser and alkali treatment on an Ag/TiO 2nanotube based dopamine sensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:015502. [PMID: 34587590 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2b6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, TiO2nanotubes (T-NTs) arrays were subjected to two types of treatment followed by a simple metal deposition technique to significantly enhance the performances of T-NTs based electrochemical sensing of dopamine. The first type of treatment was done by soaking T-NTs in sodium hydroxide solution for an optimal time to enhance the conductivity and charge carrier density. The second type of treatment employed was laser irradiation, which induces crystallinity disorder and forms rutile TiO2, promoting active analyte adsorption sites. Afterward, silver (Ag) was electro-deposited on the T-NTs as a dopamine sensing catalyst to form T-NTs/Ag nanohybrids. The dual-treated T-NTs based sensor showed 3-fold enhancement in sensitivity (from 8.2μA mM-1cm-2to 32μA mM-1cm-2), reduced charge transfer resistance (from 38 × 10-6Ω to 0.7 × 10-6Ω), above 2 order higher donor charge density (from 3.58 × 1018cm-3to 1.41 × 1021cm-3), and reduced limit of detection (from 32.3μM to 2.8μM) in comparison to plain T-NTs based sensor. In addition, the sensitivity reported here is significantly higher than most of the previously reported TiO2based dopamine sensors. Perspective-wise, the dual treatment approach is a promising technique and is highly desirable for enhancing the performances of T-NTs and other nanomaterial based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarda Sharma
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - P N Sidhartha
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Karumbaiah N Chappanda
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
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Bohač M, Čižmar T, Kojić V, Marčec J, Juraić K, Grčić I, Gajović A. Novel, Simple and Low-Cost Preparation of Ba-Modified TiO 2 Nanotubes for Diclofenac Degradation under UV/Vis Radiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2714. [PMID: 34685154 PMCID: PMC8538042 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel low-cost synthesis of barium-modified TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays was used to obtain an immobilized photocatalyst for degradation of diclofenac. TNT arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodization of titanium thin films deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass by magnetron sputtering, ensuring transparency and immobilization of the nanotubes. The Ba-modifications were obtained by annealing solutions of Ba(OH)2 spin coated on top of TNT. Three different concentrations of Ba(OH)2 were used (12.5 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM). The crystalline structure, morphology and presence of Ba were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. Ba-modified TiO2 nanotubes (BTNT) were tested for photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac under UV/Vis radiation and it was proven that all of the Ba-modified samples showed an increase in photocatalytic activity with respect to the unmodified TNTs. The most efficient photocatalyst was the sample prepared with 25 mM Ba(OH)2 which showed 90% diclofenac degradation after 60 min. This result was in agreement with cyclic voltammetry measurements that showed the largest increase in photo-oxidation current densities for the same sample due to the increased generation of •OH radicals obtained by a more efficient photogenerated charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bohač
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Čižmar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Kojić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Marčec
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova aleja 7, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Juraić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Grčić
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Hallerova aleja 7, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Andreja Gajović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Duan Y, Zhao G, Liu X, Ma J, Chen S, Song Y, Pi X, Yu X, Yang D, Zhang Y, Guo F. Low-temperature processed tantalum/niobium co-doped TiO 2electron transport layer for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:245201. [PMID: 33652425 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abeb37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A low-temperature preparation process is significantly important for scalable and flexible devices. However, the serious interface defects between the normally used titanium dioxide (TiO2) electron transport layer (ETL) obtained via a low-temperature method and perovskite suppress the further improvement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we develop a facile low-temperature chemical bath method to prepare a TiO2ETL with tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb) co-doping. Systematic investigations indicate that Ta/Nb co-doping could increase the conduction band level of TiO2and could decrease the trap-state density, boosting electron injection efficiency and reducing the charge recombination between the perovskite/ETL interface. A superior power conversion efficiency of 19.44% can be achieved by a planar PSC with a Ta/Nb co-doped TiO2ETL, which is much higher than that of pristine TiO2(17.60%). Our achievements in this work provide new insights on low-temperature fabrication of low-cost and highly efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuegong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Henan Venture Investment Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Huo W, Zhu K, Zhang X, Zhou X, Fang F, Xie Z, Jiang J. Preferentially oriented Ag-TiO2 nanotube array film: An efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123016. [PMID: 32535517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ag-TiO2 nanotube array films with the preferential orientation of crystals were fabricated on ITO glass by magnetron sputtering and anodization. Comprehensive characterization was performed to ascertain the composition and microstructure characteristics of thin films. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated through the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr2O72- (Cr (VI)) as a model compound under visible light irradiation. XRD and XPS studies reveal the development of preferred orientation along [001] in anatase TiO2 nanotubes by adjusting the Ag content during magnetron sputtering. Such unusual behavior is attributed to the minimization of anatase (001) surface energy assisted by Ag. The Ag-TiO2 nanotube arrays having preferred crystal orientation exhibit superior separation/transfer of photo-induced charges. Furthermore, the Ag-TiO2 nanotube arrays show improved absorption of visible light due to the SPR effect induced by Ag and the formation of heterojunction between the TNAs and Ag2O. TNA-3Ag exhibits the highest photocatalytic activities by removing 99.1 % Cr (VI) in 90 min under visible light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zeling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wenyi Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xuhai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Feng Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zonghan Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Jianqing Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Xu H, Hu Z, Wang Y, Yang C, Gao C, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Aged sol-gel solution-processed texture tin oxide for high-efficient perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:315205. [PMID: 32268303 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab87cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) demonstrate attractive potential for obtaining high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), by employing inorganic electron transport layers (ETLs). However, these ETLs composed of dual layers (a condense layer and a mesoporous layer) suffer the composite process and high sintering temperature. Here, we demonstrate a simple and efficient process to improve the device performance of PeSCs by using a textured SnO2 film. Self-aged sol-gel SnO2 solution after spin coating results in a textured structure without sacrificing the surface coverage. Excellent light trapping ability is achieved by optimizing the aged time of sol-gel SnO2 solution, which mimics the evolution of the conventional mesoporous layer. Such a SnO2 textured structure provides a large contact area for rapid charge extraction, and alleviates interfacial recombination loss. Therefore, this PeSC yields an optimal PCE of 19%, which is prominent in state-of-the-art SnO2-based devices. These results indicate that one-step solution processed SnO2 with a textured structure offers a simple and efficient way to improve the device performance of PeSCs without a complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Xu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Clean Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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Chen Q, Ma T, Wang F, Liu Y, Liu S, Wang J, Cheng Z, Chang Q, Yang R, Huang W, Wang L, Qin T, Huang W. Rapid Microwave-Annealing Process of Hybrid Perovskites to Eliminate Miscellaneous Phase for High Performance Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000480. [PMID: 32596128 PMCID: PMC7312440 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid processing technologies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer an exciting approach to raise the rate of production. Herein, a rapid microwave-annealing process (MAP) is reported to replace the traditional hotplate annealing process (HAP) and the processing period of perovskite is reduced to less than 1 min. Benefiting from the penetrability and simultaneity of microwave irradiation, the MAP method can effectively eliminate miscellaneous phases and thus achieve >1 µm large-size crystal grains in perovskite films. These MAP treated perovskite films exhibit pure crystalline phase, long charge-carrier lifetime, and low defect density, which can substantially improve the PSC efficiency without requiring an additional enhancer/passivation layer. The inverted planar PSCs present enhanced power conversion efficiency from 18.33% (HAP) to 21.59% (MAP) and good stability of >1000 h lifetime without encapsulation under ambient conditions. In addition, MAP can be applied to a large-size (10 cm × 10 cm) perovskite film fabrication as well as a broader tolerance in environmental temperature and precursor concentration, making it a reliable method for repeatably practical fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Taotao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - You Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Sizhou Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Jungan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Zhengchun Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Qing Chang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Rong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Wenchao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVIC3800Australia
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)5 Xinmofan RoadNanjing210009China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)127 West Youyi RoadXi'anShaanxi710072China
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