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Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Oh J, Wen L, Tak H, Kim H, Kim G, Hong J, Chang W, Kim D, Yeom G. Radio Frequency Induction Welding of Silver Nanowire Networks for Transparent Heat Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4448. [PMID: 34442970 PMCID: PMC8400299 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transparent heat films (THFs) are attracting increasing attention for their usefulness in various applications, such as vehicle windows, outdoor displays, and biosensors. In this study, the effects of induction power and radio frequency on the welding characteristics of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and Ag NW-based THFs were investigated. The results showed that higher induction frequency and higher power increased the welding of the Ag NWs through the nano-welding at the junctions of the Ag NWs, which produced lower sheet resistance, and improved the adhesion of the Ag NWs. Using the inductive welding condition of 800 kHz and 6 kW for 60 s, 100 ohm/sq of Ag NW thin film with 95% transmittance at 550 nm after induction heating could be decreased to 56.13 ohm/sq, without decreasing the optical transmittance. In addition, induction welding of the Ag NW-based THFs improved haziness, increased bending resistance, enabled higher operating temperature at a given voltage, and improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Oh
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Long Wen
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Hyunwoo Tak
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Heeju Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Gyowun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Jongwoo Hong
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Wonjun Chang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Geunyoung Yeom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Invisible Silver Nanomesh Skin Electrode via Mechanical Press Welding. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040633. [PMID: 32231110 PMCID: PMC7222014 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) has been studied as an important material for next-generation wearable devices due to its high flexibility, high electrical conductivity and high optical transmittance. However, the inherently high surface roughness of AgNWs and low adhesion to the substrate still need to be resolved for various device applications. In this study, an embedded two-dimensional (2D) Ag nanomesh was fabricated by mechanical press welding of AgNW networks with a three-dimensional (3D) fabric shape into a nanomesh shape, and by embedding the Ag nanomesh in a flexible substrate. The effect of the embedded AgNWs on the physical and electrical properties of a flexible transparent electrode was investigated. By forming embedded nanomesh-type AgNWs from AgNW networks, improvements in physical and electrical properties, such as a 43% decrease in haziness, 63% decrease in sheet resistance, and 26% increase in flexibility, as well as improved adhesion to the substrate and low surface roughness, were observed.
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