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Robillard AN, Gibson GW, Meyer R. Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:586-602. [PMID: 37228743 PMCID: PMC10204203 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The thermal conductance of nanowires is an oft-explored quantity, but its dependence on the nanowire shape is not completely understood. The behaviour of the conductance is examined as kinks of varying angular intensity are included into nanowires. The effects on thermal transport are evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations, phonon Monte Carlo simulations and classical solutions of the Fourier equation. A detailed look is taken at the nature of heat flux within said systems. The effects of the kink angle are found to be complex, influenced by multiple factors including crystal orientation, details of transport modelling, and the ratio of mean free path to characteristic system lengths. The effect of varying phonon reflection specularity on the heat flux is also examined. It is found that, in general, the flow of heat through systems simulated through phonon Monte Carlo methods is concentrated into a channel smaller than the wire dimensions, while this is not the case in the classical solutions of the Fourier model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Robillard
- Bharti School of Engineering and Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Graham W Gibson
- Bharti School of Engineering and Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Ralf Meyer
- Bharti School of Engineering and Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
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2
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Wei X, Harazinska E, Zhao Y, Zhuang Y, Hernandez R. Thermal Transport through Polymer-Linked Gold Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:18511-18519. [PMID: 36366755 PMCID: PMC9639611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-nanoparticle networks have potential applications in molecular electronics and nanophononics. In this work, we use all-atom molecular dynamics to reveal the fundamental mechanisms of thermal transport in polymer-linked gold nanoparticle (AuNP) dimers at the molecular level. Attachment of the polymers to AuNPs of varying sizes allows the determination of effects from the flexibility of the chains when their ends are not held fixed. We report heat conductance (G) values for six polymers-viz. polyethylene, poly(p-phenylene), polyacene, polyacetylene, polythiophene, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-that represent a broad range of stiffness. We address the multimode effects of polymer type, AuNP size, polymer chain length, polymer conformation, system temperature, and number of linking polymers on G. The combination of the mechanisms for phonon boundary scattering and intrinsic phonon scattering has a strong effect on G. We find that the values of G are larger for conjugated polymers because of the stiffness in their backbones. They are also larger in the low-temperature region for all polymers owing to the quenching of segmental rotations at low temperature. Our simulations also suggest that the total G is additive as the number of linking polymers in the AuNP dimer increases from 1 to 2 to 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Ewa Harazinska
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Yinong Zhao
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Yi Zhuang
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
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Mora-Barzaga G, Valencia FJ, Carrasco MI, González RI, Parlanti MG, Miranda EN, Bringa EM. Enhancing the Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous Carbon with Nanowires and Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12162835. [PMID: 36014700 PMCID: PMC9416615 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of nanostructures can be obtained using atomistic classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, particularly for semiconductors where there is no significant contribution from electrons to thermal conduction. In this work, we obtain and analyze the thermal conductivity of amorphous carbon (aC) nanowires (NW) with a 2 nm radius and aC nanotubes (NT) with 0.5, 1 and 1.3 nm internal radii and a 2 nm external radius. The behavior of thermal conductivity with internal radii, temperature and density (related to different levels of sp3 hybridization), is compared with experimental results from the literature. Reasonable agreement is found between our modeling results and the experiments for aC films. In addition, in our simulations, the bulk conductivity is lower than the NW conductivity, which in turn is lower than the NT conductivity. NTs thermal conductivity can be tailored as a function of the wall thickness, which surprisingly increases when the wall thickness decreases. While the vibrational density of states (VDOS) is similar for bulk, NW and NT, the elastic modulus is sensitive to the geometrical parameters, which can explain the enhanced thermal conductivity observed for the simulated nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraudys Mora-Barzaga
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Correspondence: (G.M.-B.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Felipe J. Valencia
- Departamento de Computación e Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Matías I. Carrasco
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Rafael I. González
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Center for Applied Nanotechnology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Martín G. Parlanti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Enrique N. Miranda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M. Bringa
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Center for Applied Nanotechnology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Correspondence: (G.M.-B.); (E.M.B.)
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Li J, Weng L, Xie J, Amrit J, Ramiere A. Lévy walk of quasiballistic phonons in nanowires. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:064123. [PMID: 35854553 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.064123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phonon transport in square-cross-section nanowires is studied using spectral Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show the evolution of the different transport regimes described by Lévy statistics as a function of the surface roughness-to-thermal wavelength ratio σ/λ. More precisely, the relationship between the Lévy index γ describing the mean free path distribution Ψ(Λ) and σ/λ is established for the classical diffusive regime, the superdiffusive regime, and the ballistic regime in the nanowire. Besides the conventional superdiffusive regime that is marked by Ψ(Λ) with a single heavy-tailed peak, we reveal an unconventional superdiffusive subregime featuring Ψ(Λ) with sawtooth oscillations when σ/λ∼0.01. Investigation of the direction of propagation of phonons shows a significant narrowing of the angular distribution around the long axis of the nanowire due to the diffuse scattering at rough boundaries when σ/λ>0.1. These results shed light on the transport mechanisms of quasiballistic phonons and will help in nanowire design for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincui Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Linxi Weng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Xie
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jay Amrit
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Belvédère, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aymeric Ramiere
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Malhotra A, Tutuncuoglu G, Kommandur S, Creamer P, Rajan A, Mohabir A, Yee S, Filler MA, Maldovan M. Impact of Porosity and Boundary Scattering on Thermal Transport in Diameter-Modulated Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1740-1746. [PMID: 34931792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the thermal conductivity of diameter-modulated Si nanowires to understand the impact of different nanoscale transport mechanisms as a function of nanowire morphology. Our investigation couples transient suspended microbridge measurements of diameter-modulated Si nanowires synthesized via vapor-liquid-solid growth and dopant-selective etching with predictive Boltzmann transport modeling. We show that the presence of a low thermal conductivity phase (i.e., porosity) dominates the reduction in effective thermal conductivity and is supplemented by increased phonon-boundary scattering. The relative contributions of both mechanisms depend on the details of the nanoscale morphology. Our findings provide valuable insights into the factors that govern thermal conduction in complex nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Malhotra
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gozde Tutuncuoglu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Currently at Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sampath Kommandur
- G.W.W. School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Patrick Creamer
- G.W.W. School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Aravindh Rajan
- G.W.W. School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Amar Mohabir
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shannon Yee
- G.W.W. School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael A Filler
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Martin Maldovan
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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El Sachat A, Alzina F, Sotomayor Torres CM, Chavez-Angel E. Heat Transport Control and Thermal Characterization of Low-Dimensional Materials: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:175. [PMID: 33450930 PMCID: PMC7828386 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat dissipation and thermal management are central challenges in various areas of science and technology and are critical issues for the majority of nanoelectronic devices. In this review, we focus on experimental advances in thermal characterization and phonon engineering that have drastically increased the understanding of heat transport and demonstrated efficient ways to control heat propagation in nanomaterials. We summarize the latest device-relevant methodologies of phonon engineering in semiconductor nanostructures and 2D materials, including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. Then, we review recent advances in thermal characterization techniques, and discuss their main challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros El Sachat
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Francesc Alzina
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
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