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Balty F, Baret A, Silhanek A, Nguyen ND. Insight into the morphological instability of metallic nanowires under thermal stress. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:574-582. [PMID: 38889548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Metallic nanowires, particularly polyol-grown silver nanowires, exhibit a morphological instability at temperatures significantly lower than their bulk melting point. This instability is commonly named after Rayleigh's description of the morphological instability of liquid jets, even though it has been shown that its quantitative predictions are not consistent with experimental measurements. In 1996, McCallum et al. proposed a description of the phenomenon assuming a solid wire lying on a substrate. It is assumed that the latter description depicts more accurately the reality. EXPERIMENTS Nanowires with varying diameters have been deposited on silicon wafers. Statistical analysis of their radius and the wavelength of their periodical instability have been performed. FINDINGS McCallum et al.'s model better aligns with experimental observations compared to Rayleigh's description. This validation provides a robust theoretical framework for enhancing the stability of nanowires, addressing a crucial aspect of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Balty
- SPIN, Department of Physics, ULiège, Allée du Six Aout 19, Liège, 4000, Belgium; EPNM, Department of Physics, ULiège, Allée du Six Aout 19, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
| | - Amaury Baret
- SPIN, Department of Physics, ULiège, Allée du Six Aout 19, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
| | - Alejandro Silhanek
- EPNM, Department of Physics, ULiège, Allée du Six Aout 19, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- SPIN, Department of Physics, ULiège, Allée du Six Aout 19, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
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Calovi M, Meschini S, Condello M, Rossi S. Innovative Codeposition of a Ag-Al 2O 3 Layer: An Attractive Combination of High Durability and Lack of Cytotoxicity for Public Space Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25650-25662. [PMID: 35910186 PMCID: PMC9330093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Today, the use of silver in surfaces for public environments is very frequent, as it ensures high antimicrobial activities, avoiding the continuous disinfection of the surfaces themselves. Similarly, thanks to its interesting combination of technological properties, anodized aluminum is widely employed in the production of components for applications in public spaces. Therefore, this work describes a simple method of the codeposition of silver and anodized aluminum to combine the remarkable properties of Al2O3 layers with the antibacterial performances of silver. The effect of silver in modifying the durability features of the anodized aluminum layer was evaluated by means of various accelerated degradation techniques, such as the exposure in a climatic chamber to UV-B radiation or an aggressive atmosphere simulated by the Kesternich test. These analyses showed the good compatibility between Ag and the alumina matrix, whose durability performances were not particularly influenced by silver. Furthermore, the composite layers did not express relevant cytotoxicity activity, as evidenced by Trypan blue flow cytometry analysis and microscopy observations, ensuring the possible use of this material in applications in close contact with humans. This same conclusion was reached by observing an almost negligible ionic release of Ag by the composite layers, even following severe degradation of the alumina matrix due to exposure to a particular acid solution. In conclusion, this work presents an innovative material that can be used in public spaces, thanks to its interesting combination of high durability and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Calovi
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Stefania Meschini
- National
Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Condello
- National
Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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Abstract
In this work, colloidal silver has been added into an acrylic clear cataphoretic bath, evaluating the effect of two different filler amounts on the durability of the composite coatings. The three series of samples were characterized by electron microscopy to assess the possible change in morphology introduced by the silver-based additive. The protective properties of the coatings were evaluated by a salt spray chamber exposure and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, evidencing the negative effect provided by high amount of silver, which introduced discontinuities in the acrylic matrix. Finally, the durability of composite coatings was studied by exposing them to UV-B radiation, observing a strong phenomenon of silver degradation. Although the coating containing high concentrations of silver demonstrated poor durability, this study revealed that small amounts of silver can be used to provide particular aesthetic features, but also to improve the protective performance of cataphoretic coatings.
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Chang HS, Feng P, Lyu Y, Lin CC. Accelerated and outdoor weathering of silver nanowire transparent conductors under electrical stress in pseudo-modules. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:15LT01. [PMID: 34972097 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In realistic applications, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are encapsulated in optoelectrical devices to function as transparent conductors and electrodes. Environmental stressors along with the essential electrical stress are inevitably harmful to the AgNWs inside the devices. Herein, to investigate the degradation behavior discrepancy between materials-level and device-level tests, we adopted pseudo-module to mimic the encapsulation. The pseudo-module allows the application of electrical stress and facilitates the interim specimen access for materials characterization through assembly-disassembly. Indoor accelerated and outdoor weathering tests with applied electrical stress to the pseudo-module encapsulated AgNW networks were performed. The impaired optoelectrical properties and morphological changes of AgNWs due to multiple or individual stressor(s) are investigated. Results indicate UVA exposure at elevated temperature coupled with electrical stress is responsible for the electrical failure of AgNW networks. Sulfidation that depresses optical transparency of AgNW networks is prone to occur at lower temperature. This work provides unambiguous degradation behaviors of AgNWs inside encapsulants, helping to improve the design of AgNWs related optoelectrical devices in the applications of solar irradiation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Shuo Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Pan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Lyu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiao-Chi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
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Qian M, Zhou B, Liu G, Gao Y, Niu Y, Gong S. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane polyimide nanocomposites for color filters and flexible conductive films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- Department of Physics School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Research and Development Center Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment Shanghai China
| | - Gang Liu
- Research and Development Center Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment Shanghai China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yueping Niu
- Department of Physics School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shangqing Gong
- Department of Physics School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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