1
|
Bae G, Cho H, Hong BH. A review on synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:372001. [PMID: 38853586 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad55d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A new type of 0-dimensional carbon-based materials called graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is gaining significant attention as a non-toxic and eco-friendly nanomaterial. GQDs are nanomaterials composed of sp2hybridized carbon domains and functional groups, with their lateral size less than 10 nm. The unique and exceptional physical, chemical, and optical properties arising from the combination of graphene structure and quantum confinement effect due to their nano-size make GQDs more intriguing than other nanomaterials. Particularly, the low toxicity and high solubility derived from the carbon core and abundant edge functional groups offer significant advantages for the application of GQDs in the biomedical field. In this review, we summarize various synthetic methods for preparing GQDs and important factors influencing the physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties of GQDs. Furthermore, the recent application of GQDs in the biomedical field, including biosensor, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics are discussed. Through this, we provide a brief insight on the tremendous potential of GQDs in biomedical applications and the challenges that need to be overcome in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tade RS, Kalkal A, Patil PO. Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) based Label-Free Optical Fluorescence Sensor for CD59 Antigen Detection and Cellular Bioimaging. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03501-y. [PMID: 37976023 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD59), a cell surface glycoprotein, regulates the complement system to prevent immune damage. In cancer, altered CD59 expression allows tumors to evade immune surveillance, promote growth, and resist certain immunotherapies. Targeting CD59 could enhance cancer treatment strategies by boosting the immune response against tumors. Herein, we present a one-step synthesis of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized graphene quantum dots (Lf-GQDs) from weathered lemon leaf extract. The fabricated Lf-GQDs were successfully used for the quantitative detection of the cluster of CD59 antigen that is reported for its expression in different types of cancer. In this work, we utilized orientation-based attachment of CD59 antibody (Anti-CD59). Our findings reveal that, instead of using random serial addition of antigen or antibody, oriented conjugation saves accumulated concentration offering greater sensitivity and selectivity. The Anti-CD59@Lf-GQDs immunosensor was fabricated using the oriented conjugation of antibodies onto the Lf-GQDs surface. Besides, the fabricated immunosensor demonstrated detection of CD59 in the range of 0.01 to 40.0 ng mL-1 with a low detection limit of 5.3 pg mL-1. Besides, the cellular uptake potential of the synthesized Lf-GQDs was also performed in A549 cells using a bioimaging study. The present approach represents the optimal utilization of Anti-CD59 and CD59 antigen. This approach could afford a pathway for constructing oriented conjugation of antibodies on the nanomaterials-based immunosensor for different biomarkers detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shankar Tade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur - 425405, (MS), India
| | - Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pravin Onkar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur - 425405, (MS), India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Astolfi BS, Bessas NC, Graminha AE, Becceneri AB, da Silva RS, de Lima RG. Gelatin Carbon Dots Interaction with Nitrosyl Ruthenium Complex: Fluorescence Quenching and Chemiluminescence Mechanisms. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03490-y. [PMID: 37948004 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) exhibit luminescence, biocompatibility, and higher water solubility. This material has been developed for biological applications, specifically in bioimaging. In this work, the gelatin carbon dots (CDg) was obtained from commercial gelatin using a hydrothermal method in domestic microwave, and the suppression fluorescent mechanism were enhanced by the addition of the [RuII(bdq)(NO)(tpy)]3+ (Rubdq-NO+) complex ion. After purification through a dialysis bag, the resulting CDs (CDg) exhibit fluorescent emission at 400 nm and maintained fluorescence stability in an aqueous solution (pH = 7) for 30 days under 5 ◦C. Fluorescence quenching studies revealed an electrostatic interaction between the negative charge from CDg (δ = - 20 mV) and the positively charged nitrosyl (NO+) ligand of the ruthenium complex (Rubdq-NO+), resulting in quenching of the CDg fluorescence due to the inner filter effects (IFE). The chemiluminescence reaction of CDg and Rubdq-NO-CDg in presence of norepinephrine (NOR) were evaluated. NOR in PBS are liable to undergo spontaneous oxidation to quinone form (NOR-quinone). CDg are believed interact with NOR-quinone and an electron transfer occur obtained CDg+ accompanied to green emission fluorescence (520 nm). While for Rubdq-NO-CDg in presence of NOR, the green emission occurs accompanied by NO0 release using DAF-2 probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Soares Astolfi
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, ICENP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, Tupã, Ituiutaba, MG, 1600, 38304-402, Brazil
| | - Naiara Cristina Bessas
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, ICENP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, Tupã, Ituiutaba, MG, 1600, 38304-402, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, Uberlândia, MG, 2121, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Angelica Ellen Graminha
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Blanque Becceneri
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Roberto Santana da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Renata Galvão de Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, ICENP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, Tupã, Ituiutaba, MG, 1600, 38304-402, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, Uberlândia, MG, 2121, 38400-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li G, Liu Z, Gao W, Tang B. Recent advancement in graphene quantum dots based fluorescent sensor: Design, construction and bio-medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
5
|
Gulati S, Baul A, Amar A, Wadhwa R, Kumar S, Varma RS. Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Pathways to Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:554. [PMID: 36770515 PMCID: PMC9920802 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new family of photoluminescent 0D NPs, have recently received a lot of attention. They have enormous future potential due to their unique properties, which include low toxicity, high conductivity, and biocompatibility and accordingly can be used as a feasible replacement for conventional materials deployed in various optoelectronic, biomedical, and energy applications. The most recent trends and advancements in the synthesizing and setup of photoluminescent CQDs using environmentally friendly methods are thoroughly discussed in this review. The eco-friendly synthetic processes are emphasized, with a focus on biomass-derived precursors. Modification possibilities for creating newer physicochemical properties among different CQDs are also presented, along with a brief conceptual overview. The extensive amount of writings on them found in the literature explains their exceptional competence in a variety of fields, making these nanomaterials promising alternatives for real-world applications. Furthermore, the benefits, drawbacks, and opportunities for CQDs are discussed, with an emphasis on their future prospects in this emerging research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gulati
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arikta Baul
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anoushka Amar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rachit Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies, and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kulkarni D, Sherkar R, Shirsathe C, Sonwane R, Varpe N, Shelke S, More MP, Pardeshi SR, Dhaneshwar G, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Biofabrication of nanoparticles: sources, synthesis, and biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1159193. [PMID: 37200842 PMCID: PMC10185809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging applied science delivering crucial human interventions. Biogenic nanoparticles produced from natural sources have received attraction in recent times due to their positive attributes in both health and the environment. It is possible to produce nanoparticles using various microorganisms, plants, and marine sources. The bioreduction mechanism is generally employed for intra/extracellular synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles. Various biogenic sources have tremendous bioreduction potential, and capping agents impart stability. The obtained nanoparticles are typically characterized by conventional physical and chemical analysis techniques. Various process parameters, such as sources, ions, and temperature incubation periods, affect the production process. Unit operations such as filtration, purification, and drying play a role in the scale-up setup. Biogenic nanoparticles have extensive biomedical and healthcare applications. In this review, we summarized various sources, synthetic processes, and biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles produced by biogenic synthesis. We highlighted some of the patented inventions and their applications. The applications range from drug delivery to biosensing in various therapeutics and diagnostics. Although biogenic nanoparticles appear to be superior to their counterparts, the molecular mechanism degradation pathways, kinetics, and biodistribution are often missing in the published literature, and scientists should focus more on these aspects to move them from the bench side to clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula, , ;Deepak Kulkarni, ; Sathish Dyawanapelly,
| | - Rushikesh Sherkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chaitali Shirsathe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rushikesh Sonwane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikita Varpe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh Shelke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh P. More
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Buldana, India
| | - Sagar R. Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, India
| | | | - Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula, , ;Deepak Kulkarni, ; Sathish Dyawanapelly,
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula, , ;Deepak Kulkarni, ; Sathish Dyawanapelly,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nangare S, Patil S, Patil A, Deshmukh P, Patil P. Bovine serum albumin-derived poly-L-glutamic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots embedded UiO-66-NH2 MOFs as a fluorescence ‘On-Off-On’ magic gate for para-aminohippuric acid sensing. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
8
|
Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Yari Kalashgrani M, Kurniawan D, Gholami A, Chiang WH. Bioresource-Functionalized Quantum Dots for Energy Generation and Storage: Recent Advances and Feature Perspective. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3905. [PMID: 36364683 PMCID: PMC9658778 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The exponential increase in global energy demand in daily life prompts us to search for a bioresource for energy production and storage. Therefore, in developing countries with large populations, there is a need for alternative energy resources to compensate for the energy deficit in an environmentally friendly way and to be independent in their energy demands. The objective of this review article is to compile and evaluate the progress in the development of quantum dots (QDs) for energy generation and storage. Therefore, this article discusses the energy scenario by presenting the basic concepts and advances of various solar cells, providing an overview of energy storage systems (supercapacitors and batteries), and highlighting the research progress to date and future opportunities. This exploratory study will examine the systematic and sequential advances in all three generations of solar cells, namely perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, Si cells, and thin-film solar cells. The discussion will focus on the development of novel QDs that are economical, efficient, and stable. In addition, the current status of high-performance devices for each technology will be discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects, opportunities for improvement, and future trends in the development of cost-effective and efficient QDs for solar cells and storage from biological resources will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh R, Alshaghdali K, Saeed A, Kausar MA, Aldakheel FM, Anwar S, Mishra D, Srivastava M. Prospects of microbial-engineering for the production of graphene and its derivatives: Application to design nanosystms for cancer theranostics. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:885-898. [PMID: 34020029 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the leading causes of morbidity and fatality, currently faced by our society. The prevalence of cancer related dieses is rapidly increasing around the world. To reduce the mortality rates, early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of cancer in timely manner is quite essential. Advancements have been made to achieve effective theranostics strategies to tackle cancerous dieses, yet very challenging to overcome this issue. Recently, advances made in the field of nanotechnology have shown tremendous potential for cancer theranostics. Different types of nanomaterials have been successfully employed to develop sophisticated diagnosis and therapy techniques. In this context, graphene and its derivatives e.g. graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have been investigated as promising candidates to design graphene-based nanosystems for the diagnosis and therapeutic purpose. Further, to synthesize graphene and its derivatives different types of physicochemical methods are being adopted. However, each method has its own advantage and disadvantages. In this reference, among diverse biological methods, microbial technique can be one of the most promising and eco-friendly approach for the preparation of graphene and its derivatives, particularly GO and RGO. In this review, we summarize studies performed on the preparation of graphene and its derivatives following microbial routes meanwhile focus has been made on the preparation method and the possible mechanism involved therein. Thereafter, we have discussed applications of graphene and its derivatives to developed advanced nanosystem that can be imperative for the cancer theranostics. Results of recent studies exploring applications graphene based nanosystem for the preparation of different types of biosensors for early diagnosis; advanced therapeutic approaches by designing drug delivery nanosystems along with multifunctionality (e.g cancer imaging, drug delivery, photodynamic and photo thermal therapy) in cancer theranostics have been discussed. Particularly, emphasis has been given on the preparation techniques of graphene based nanosystems, being employed in designing of biosensing platforms, drug delivery and multifunctional nanosystems. Moreover, issues have been discussed on the preparation of graphene and its derivatives following microbial technique and the implementation of graphene based nanosystems in cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - Khalid Alshaghdali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Saeed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, P.O Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohd Adnan Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debabrata Mishra
- Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Design of zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots based nanostructures for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in food and water: A review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Design of graphene quantum dots decorated MnO2 nanosheet based fluorescence turn “On-Off-On” nanoprobe for highly sensitive detection of lactoferrin. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
Zhang B, Jiang Y, Ding Y, Zhang J, Balasubramanian R. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of biowaste-derived magnetic carbonaceous materials for environmental remediation applications. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Tade RS, Patil PO. Biofabricated functionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs): Unravelling its fluorescence sensing mechanism of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) antigen and in vitro bioimaging application. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35896107 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac84ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a deadly malignancy that is posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, early detection of LC biomarkers is the key to reducing LC-related fatalities. Herein, we present the first fluorescent-based selective detection of LC biomarker human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs). One-pot in situ synthesis of amine-functionalized GQDs was accomplished by hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste-derived cellulose and PEI. Synthesized fGQDs were characterized by various analytical techniques. Synthesized fGQDs not only exhibited enhanced fluorescence life-time but also excellent stability in the different solvents compared to bare GQDs. The surface activation of hTERT-Ab by carbodiimide chemistry (EDC-NHS) resulted in stacking interactions with fGQDs, involving adsorption-desorption as well as competitive mechanisms. The higher inherent affinity of hTERT-Ag (hTERT antigen) for hTERT-Ab (hTERT antibody) resulted in complex formation and recovery of fGQD fluorescence. As a result, this fluorescence sensing demonstrated a greater linear detection range (0.01 ng mL-1 to 100 µg mL-1) as well as a notable low detection limit (36.3 pg mL-1). Furthermore, the fabricated immunosensor (Ab@fGQDs) has excellent stability and performance in real samples, with an average recovery of 97.32%. The results of cytotoxicity and cellular bioimaging study in A549 cells show that fGQDs can be used for additional nanotherapeutics and biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tade
- Pharmaceutics, HR Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirsoli PB, Jalgaon, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, INDIA
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H R Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Shirpur, Shirpur, 425405, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hallaji Z, Bagheri Z, Oroujlo M, Nemati M, Tavassoli Z, Ranjbar B. An insight into the potentials of carbon dots for in vitro live-cell imaging: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:190. [PMID: 35419708 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a strong alternative to conventional fluorescent probes for cell imaging due to their brightness, photostability, tunable fluorescence emission, low toxicity, inexpensive preparation, and chemical diversity. Improving the targeting efficiency by modulation of the surface functional groups and understanding the mechanisms of targeted imaging are the most challenging issues in cell imaging by CDs. Firstly, we briefly discuss important features of fluorescent CDs for live-cell imaging application in this review. Then, the newest modulated CDs for targeted live-cell imaging of whole-cell, cell organelles, pH, ions, small molecules, and proteins are elaborately discussed, and their challenges in these fields are explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hallaji
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Oroujlo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Nemati
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavassoli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu T, Wang X, Chen M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Cheng J, Kong L, Tang M. Respiratory exposure to graphene quantum dots causes fibrotic effects on lung, liver and kidney of mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112971. [PMID: 35358666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as a novel graphene-based nanoparticle, presented a bright prospect in fields of biomedicine due to their excellent optical property. However, the biosafety assessment of GQDs is far behind their rapid development, which could restrict their wilder applications. This study focused on the potential adverse effects of two kinds of promising GQDs, i.e. nitrogen-doping graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) and amino-modified graphene quantum dot (A-GQDs) on primary target organs of GNMs, including lung, liver and kidney. The intranasal instillation used here was to imitate the respiratory exposure of GQDs that is a commonly exposure route of GQDs in the environment. Although no severe damages associated with general health occurred in mice treated with GQDs, the fibrosis evidenced by statistically significant increases in the area of collagen I and TGF-ß1 and p-Smad3 expressions were observed in the lung, liver and kidney tissues. Interestingly, the fibrotic effect induced by GQDs could be effectively alleviated by a ferroptosis-specific inhibitor, which demonstrated a close relationship of fibrosis and ferroptosis. This study not only provides new insights on the toxicity mechanisms of GQDs, but also offers some efficient ways to control toxicity of GQDs, like dosage threshold and small molecular drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tade RS, Patil PO. Fabrication of Poly-l-lysine-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots for the Label-Free Fluorescent-Based Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:470-483. [PMID: 34967597 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of tumor biomarkers is an attentive approach for the early detection and treatment of cancer. However, a cost-effective, simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive method is a basic prerequisite for diagnostic research. Herein, we present a novel fluorescence-based label-free sensing strategy for the sensitive and selective detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using poly-l-lysine (PLL)-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The GQDs were synthesized using a greener method by employing carbonized peanut shell (PNS) waste as a carbon source, and functionalization was accomplished using PLL (PLL-GQDs). The fluorescence stability of the PLL-GQDs was tested in a variety of solvent systems and pH solutions. When compared to nonfunctionalized GQDs (PNS-GQDs), prepared PLL-GQDs demonstrated increased fluorescence lifetime, high quantum yield, excellent photostability, biocompatibility, and greater cellular uptake. The PLL-GQDs with abundant surface amine and carboxylic groups showed selective interactions with an activated CEA antibody (CEA-Ab), resulting in the quenching of fluorescence signals. Because of the strong bioaffinity of CEA to the CEA-Ab, the antibody was unwrapped, resulting in the formation of an antibody-antigen complex and the recovery of fluorescence. As a result of this relationship, a turn "on-off-on" sensing mechanism with a strong response to CEA concentration (0.01 ng mL-1 to 100 μg mL-1) and a detection limit of 1.19 pg mL-1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, the fabricated CEA immunosensor (CEA-Ab@PLL-GQDs) performed admirably in real sample analysis, with an average recovery of 98.32%. The cellular uptake performance of PLL-GQDs was also demonstrated in the A427 cell lines, exhibiting a greater cellular uptake potential than PNS-GQDs. The cellular bioimaging study demonstrates that PLL-GQDs can be used for additional therapeutic and biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shankar Tade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin Onkar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tade RS, More MP, Nangare SN, Patil PO. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) nanoarchitectonics for theranostic application in lung cancer. J Drug Target 2021; 30:269-286. [PMID: 34595987 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1987442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is heading up as a substantial cause of mortality worldwide. Despite enormous progress in cancer management, LC remains a crucial problem for oncologists due to the lack of early diagnosis and precise treatment. In this context, numerous early diagnosis and treatment approaches for LC at the cellular level have been developed using advanced nanomaterials in the last decades. Amongst this, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a novel fluorescent material overwhelmed the horizons of materials science and biomedical fields due to their multifunctional attributes. Considering the complex nature of LC, emerging diagnostic and therapeutic (Theranostics) strategies using GQDs proved to be an effective way for the current practice in LC. In this line, we have abridged various approaches used in the LC theranostics using GQDs and its surface-engineered motif. The admirable photophysical attributes of GQDs realised in photolytic therapy (PLT), hyperthermia therapy (HTT), and drug delivery have been discussed. Furthermore, we have engrossed the impasse and its effects on the use of GQDs in cancer treatments from cellular level (in vivo-in vitro) to clinical. Inclusively, this review will be an embodiment for the scientific fraternity to design and magnify their view for the theranostic application of GQDs in LC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tade
- Department of Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Mahesh P More
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, India
| | - Sopan N Nangare
- Department of Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mili M, Jaiswal A, Hada V, Sagiri SS, Pal K, Chowdhary R, Malik R, Gupta RS, Gupta MK, Chourasia JP, Hashmi S, Rathore SKS, Srivastava AK, Verma S. Development of Graphene Quantum Dots by Valorizing the Bioresources – A Critical Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Medha Mili
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad (U.P.) 201002 India
| | - Ayushi Jaiswal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
| | - Vaishnavi Hada
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
| | - Sai S. Sagiri
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center Rishon LeZion 7528809 Israel
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
| | - Rashmi Chowdhary
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, M.P 462020 India
| | - Rajesh Malik
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, M.P 462020 India
| | - Radha S. Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, M.P 462020 India
| | - Manoj K. Gupta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad (U.P.) 201002 India
| | - Jamana P. Chourasia
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad (U.P.) 201002 India
| | - Sar Hashmi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad (U.P.) 201002 India
| | - Sanjai K. S. Rathore
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad (U.P.) 201002 India
| | - Avanish K. Srivastava
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad (U.P.) 201002 India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Near Habibganj Naka, Hoshangabad Road Bhopal MP 462 026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad (U.P.) 201002 India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The use of graphene quantum dots as biomedical device and drug delivery system has been increasing. This nanoplatform of pure carbon has showed unique properties and showed to be safe for human use. The imatinib is a molecule designed to specifically inhibit the tyrosine kinase, used for leukemia treatment. In this study, we successfully decorated the graphene quantum dots (GQDs@imatinb) by a carbodiimide crosslinking reaction. The GQDs@imatinb were characterized by FTIR and AFM. The nanoparticles' in vitro behaviors were evaluated by cellular trafficking (internalization) assay and cell viability and apoptosis assays in various cancer cell lines, including suspension (leukemia) cells and adherent cancer cells. The results showed that the incorporation of the imatinib on the surface of the graphene quantum dots did not change the nanoparticles' morphology and properties. The GQDs@imatinb could be efficiently internalized and kill cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis. The data indicated that the prepared GQDs@imatinb might be a great drug nano-platform for cancer, particularly leukemia treatments.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is increasing as a significant cause of mortality among women. In this context, early diagnosis and treatment strategies for BC are being developed by researchers at the cellular level using advanced nanomaterials. However, immaculate etiquette is the prerequisite for their implementation in clinical practice. Considering the stolid nature of cancer, combining diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is a prime focus and challenge for researchers. In a nutshell, GQDs is a new shining star among various fluorescent materials, which has acclaimed fame in a short duration in materials science and the biomedical field as well. From this perspective, we review various strategies in BC treatment using GQDs alone or in combination. In addition, the photophysical properties of GQDs explored in photothermal therapy, hyperthermia therapy, and photodynamic therapy are also discussed. Moreover, we also focus on the strategic use of GQDs both as drug carriers and as combinatorial-guided drug delivery motifs. This Review provides an update for the scientific community to plan and expand advanced theranostic horizons in BC using GQDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur-425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur-425405, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|