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Biliak K, Nikitin D, Ali-Ogly S, Protsak M, Pleskunov P, Tosca M, Sergievskaya A, Cornil D, Cornil J, Konstantinidis S, Košutová T, Černochová Z, Štěpánek P, Hanuš J, Kousal J, Hanyková L, Krakovský I, Choukourov A. Plasmonic Ag/Cu/PEG nanofluids prepared when solids meet liquids in the gas phase. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:955-969. [PMID: 36756512 PMCID: PMC9891094 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the time of Faraday's experiments, the optical response of plasmonic nanofluids has been tailored by the shape, size, concentration, and material of nanoparticles (NPs), or by mixing different types of NPs. To date, water-based liquids have been the most extensively investigated host media, while polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), have frequently been added to introduce repulsive steric interactions and protect NPs from agglomeration. Here, we introduce an inverse system of non-aqueous nanofluids, in which Ag and Cu NPs are dispersed in PEG (400 g mol-1), with no solvents or chemicals involved. Our single-step approach comprises the synthesis of metal NPs in the gas phase using sputtering-based gas aggregation cluster sources, gas flow transport of NPs, and their deposition (optionally simultaneous) on the PEG surface. Using computational fluid dynamics simulations, we show that NPs diffuse into PEG at an average velocity of the diffusion front of the order of μm s-1, which is sufficient for efficient loading of the entire polymer bulk. We synthesize yellow Ag/PEG, green Cu/PEG, and blue Ag/Cu/PEG nanofluids, in which the color is given by the position of the plasmon resonance. NPs are prone to partial agglomeration and sedimentation, with a slower kinetics for Cu. Density functional theory calculations combined with UV-vis data and zeta-potential measurements prove that the surface oxidation to Cu2O and stronger electrostatic repulsion are responsible for the higher stability of Cu NPs. Adopting the De Gennes formalism, we estimate that PEG molecules adsorb on the NP surface in mushroom coordination, with the thickness of the adsorbed layer L < 1.4 nm, grafting density σ < 0.20, and the average distance between the grafted chains D > 0.8 nm. Such values provide sufficient steric barriers to retard, but not completely prevent, agglomeration. Overall, our approach offers an excellent platform for fundamental research on non-aqueous nanofluids, with metal-polymer and metal-metal interactions unperturbed by the presence of solvents or chemical residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Biliak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daniil Nikitin
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Suren Ali-Ogly
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Protsak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pleskunov
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marco Tosca
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
- ELI-Beamlines Centre, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Dolni Brezany Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - David Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons Place du Parc 23 B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons Place du Parc 23 B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Tereza Košutová
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zulfiya Černochová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hanuš
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kousal
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hanyková
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Krakovský
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Andrei Choukourov
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University V Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic
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Sergievskaya A, Absil R, Chauvin A, Yusenko KV, Veselý J, Godfroid T, Konstantinidis S. Sputtering onto liquids: how does the liquid viscosity affect the formation of nanoparticles and metal films? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2803-2809. [PMID: 36412107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the effect of the solvent viscosity on the formation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) during the sputtering onto liquid (SoL) process. All other parameters related to the plasma and the host liquid are kept constant. SoL is a simple highly reproducible approach for the preparation of colloidal dispersions of small naked NPs. The properties of the final product are determined by both the sputtering parameters and the host liquid characteristics. As a model system we chose to sputter a gold target by a direct-current magnetron discharge onto a line of polymerized rapeseed oils having similar surface tension (32.6-33.1 mJ m-2 at RT). It was found that well-dispersed Au NPs grow in the bulk solution of oils with low viscosities (below 630 cP at 25 °C), while a gold film forms onto the surface of high viscosity liquids (more than 1000 cP at 25 °C). The mean diameter of the individual Au NPs is in the range of about 2.1-2.5 nm according to transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Rémi Absil
- Green Frix S.A., Rue de la forêt 2, 7522 Blandain, Belgium
| | - Adrien Chauvin
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. .,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kirill V Yusenko
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jozef Veselý
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Godfroid
- Materia Nova Research Center, 3 Avenue Nicolas Copernic, Parc Initialis, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Sergievskaya A, Chauvin A, Konstantinidis S. Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:10-53. [PMID: 35059275 PMCID: PMC8744456 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical colloidal synthesis, the review contains chapters explaining the basics of (magnetron) sputter deposition and the formation of NPs in solution. This review article covers more than 132 papers published on this topic from 1996 to September 2021 and aims at providing a critical analysis of most of the reported data; we will address the influence of the sputtering parameters (sputter power, current, voltage, sputter time, working gas pressure, and the type of sputtering plasma) and host liquid properties (composition, temperature, viscosity, and surface tension) on the NP formation as well as a detailed overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Adrien Chauvin
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Mudring AV, Hammond O. Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectics as a Transformative Platform for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3865-3892. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are becoming a revolutionary synthesis medium for inorganic nanomaterials, permitting more efficient, safer and environmentally benign preparation of high quality products. A smart combination of ILs and...
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Nguyen MT, Deng L, Yonezawa T. Control of nanoparticles synthesized via vacuum sputter deposition onto liquids: a review. SOFT MATTER 2021; 18:19-47. [PMID: 34901989 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition onto a low volatile liquid matrix is a recently developed green synthesis method for metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). In this review, we introduce the synthesis method and highlight its unique features emerging from the combination of the sputter deposition and the ability of the liquid matrix to regulate particle growth. Then, manipulating the synthesis parameters to control the particle size, composition, morphology, and crystal structure of NPs is presented. Subsequently, we evaluate the key experimental factors governing the particle characteristics and the formation of monometallic and alloy NPs to provide overall directions and insights into the preparation of NPs with desired properties. Following that, the current understanding of the growth and formation mechanism of sputtered particles in liquid media, in particular, ionic liquids and liquid polymers, during and after sputtering is emphasized. Finally, we discuss the challenges that remain and share our perspectives on the future prospects of the synthesis method and the obtained NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Lianlian Deng
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
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Chauvin A, Sergievskaya A, Fucikova A, Corrêa CA, Vesely J, Cornil J, Cornil D, Dopita M, Konstantinidis S. Insights into the growth of nanoparticles in liquid polyol by thermal annealing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4780-4789. [PMID: 36134317 PMCID: PMC9418955 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00222h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report on the growth of metal- and metal-oxide based nanoparticles (NPs) in heated polyol solutions. For this purpose, NPs are produced by the sputtering of a silver, gold, or a copper target to produce either silver, gold, or copper oxide NPs in pentaerythritol ethoxylate (PEEL) which has been annealed up to 200 °C. The objective of the annealing step is the fine modulation of their size. Thus, the evolution of the NP size and shape after thermal annealing is explained according to collision/coalescence kinetics and the affinity between the metal-/metal-oxide and PEEL molecule. Moreover, highlights of few phenomena arising from the annealing step are described such as (i) the reduction of copper oxide into copper by the polyol process and (ii) the effective formation of carbon dots after annealing at 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Chauvin
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Praha 2 Czech Republic
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), University of Mons Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), University of Mons Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Anna Fucikova
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Cinthia Antunes Corrêa
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10/112 162 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Vesely
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials (CMN), University of Mons Place du Parc 20 Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - David Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials (CMN), University of Mons Place du Parc 20 Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Milan Dopita
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), University of Mons Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
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Sergievskaya A, O’Reilly A, Alem H, De Winter J, Cornil D, Cornil J, Konstantinidis S. Insights on the Formation of Nanoparticles Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Onto Liquids: Gold Sputtered Onto Castor Oil as a Case Study. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.710612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetron sputter deposition of metal targets over liquids allows producing colloidal solutions of small metal nanoparticles (NPs) without any additional reducing or stabilizing reagents. Despite that this synthetic approach is known for almost 15 years, the detailed mechanism of NP formation is still unclear. Detailed investigations must be carried out to better understand the growth mechanism and, ultimately, control the properties of the NPs. Here, the combination of the gold (Au) target and castor oil, a highly available green solvent, was chosen as a model system to investigate how different experimental parameters affect the growth of NPs. The effect of deposition time, applied sputter power, working gas pressure, and type of sputter plasma (direct current magnetron sputtering (DC-MS) vs. high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS)) on properties of Au NPs has been studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and further supported by quantum-chemistry calculations and mass-spectrometry analysis. The mechanism of the Au NP formation includes the production of primary NPs and their subsequent aggregative growth limited by diffusion in the viscous castor oil medium. Final Au NPs have a narrow size distribution and a medium diameter of 2.4–3.2 nm when produced in DC-MS mode. The NP size can be increased up to 5.2 ± 0.8 nm by depositing in HiPIMS mode which, therefore, mimics energy and time-consuming post synthesis annealing.
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Choukourov A, Nikitin D, Pleskunov P, Tafiichuk R, Biliak K, Protsak M, Kishenina K, Hanuš J, Dopita M, Cieslar M, Popelář T, Ondič L, Varga M. Residual- and linker-free metal/polymer nanofluids prepared by direct deposition of magnetron-sputtered Cu nanoparticles into liquid PEG. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sergievskaya A, O’Reilly A, Chauvin A, Veselý J, Panepinto A, De Winter J, Cornil D, Cornil J, Konstantinidis S. Magnetron sputter deposition of silver onto castor oil: The effect of plasma parameters on nanoparticle properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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